西双版纳小耳猪DNA指纹分析

采用ECL核酸直接标记和检测试剂盒,以HRP标记JL-02多位点探针,对云南版纳小耳猪的HinfI或HaeⅢ酶切图谱进行Southern杂交,以化学发光法进行检测,获得了清晰可辨的、具有高度多态性的DNA指纹图谱.大于2kb的谱带数在13～17条之间,JB亚系内805、807家系和JS亚系内111、121、133、151家系不同个体间的相似系数分别为0.92±0.04、0.85±0.13、0.86±0.02、0.80±0.05、0.84±0.09、0.88士0.08,显著高于家系间的相似系数.JB亚系内的805家系和JS亚系内的151家系不同个体间的相似系数最大,分别为0.92和0.88,说明其近交程度较高,个体间差异较小,均一性较强.另外,JB亚系内的805与807两个家系不同个体猪在11.5kb处,均有一条区别于其他家系的特有图带,其是否是导致JB亚系体型较大的特异性基因座,有待进一步研究。 Abstract:Clearly and highly polymorphic DNA fingerprints from Banna miniature pig were obtained by Southern hybridization with a nonisotopieally HRP(Horseradish peroxidase)labelled multiloci minisatellite probe JL-02,the fragment number of which were ranged from 13 to 17.The similarity coefficient of various individuals from family “805”,“807” in substrain JB and family “111”,“121”,“133”,“151” in substrain JS was 0.92 + 0.04,0.85 + 0.13,0.86 +- 0.02,0.80 +0.05,0.84 + 0.09,0.88 + 0.08,which is higher than that bet ween families(0.46~0.65).Furtherly,similarity coefficients of family “805” in substrain JB and family “151” in substrain JS were 0.92 and 0.88 respectively.This showed that the two families have the higher inbreeding degree,smaller genetic difference,among individuals and the better homogeneity.In addition,all individuals from family 805,807 in substrain JB have a unique fragment different from other individuals from other families,which is abount 11.5kb long.This suggested that this may be the gene resulted in large bodyweight of substrain JB,further research is necessary to be conducted.     

SRFA法构建水稻DNA指纹图谱

水稻基因组DNA用PstⅠ酶切同时与人工接头连接后,使用选择性引物进行PCR扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测所构建的水稻DNA指纹图谱。结果表明在JX17和ZYQ8间以及5种野生稻间均存在DNA多态性片段。     

莲藕品种DNA指纹图谱的绘制

采用RAPD技术对14个莲藕品种进行遗传多态性分析,用5个Operon引物和80个SBS的RAPD引物进行筛选,从中选出来自SBS的RAPD-C13和RAPD-D15扩增出的8条多态性条带,绘制了14个品种的DNA指纹图谱,在该图谱中每个品种均有各自特异的DNA指纹。     

DNA Fingerprinting of Pearls to Determine Their Origins

We report the first successful extraction of oyster DNA from a pearl and use it to identify the source oyster species for the three major pearl-producing oyster species Pinctada margaritifera, P. maxima and P. radiata. Both mitochondrial and nuclear gene fragments could be PCR-amplified and sequenced. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was developed and used to identify 18 pearls of unknown origin. A micro-drilling technique was developed to obtain small amounts of DNA while maintaining the commercial value of the pearls. This DNA fingerprinting method could be used to document the source of historic pearls and will provide more transparency for traders and consumers within the pearl industry.     

大豆灰斑病菌DNA指纹图谱初步分析

大豆灰斑病菌具有明显的生理分化现象,鉴定病菌生理小种对于培育和推广抗病品种具有重要意义。从大豆灰斑病菌一毒力较强菌株的DNA基因组文库中筛选出2个含重复顺序的克隆,并用其对16个菌株的基因组DNA进行了Southern分析,获得了基因组特异的指纹图谱,对指纹图谱和毒力间的关系进行了初步比较。     

DNA Fingerprinting of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Sauerkraut Fermentations

Previous studies using traditional biochemical identification methods to study the ecology of commercial sauerkraut fermentations revealed that four species of lactic acid bacteria, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactobacillus brevis, were the primary microorganisms in these fermentations. In this study, 686 isolates were collected from four commercial fermentations and analyzed by DNA fingerprinting. The results indicate that the species of lactic acid bacteria present in sauerkraut fermentations are more diverse than previously reported and include Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc argentinum, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus coryniformis, and Weissella sp. The newly identified species Leuconostoc fallax was also found. Unexpectedly, only two isolates of P. pentosaceus and 15 isolates of L. brevis were recovered during this study. A better understanding of the microbiota may aid in the development of low-salt fermentations, which may have altered microflora and altered sensory characteristics.     

DNA 指纹技术中所用的探针及其发展

ProbesUsedinDNAFingerprintingTechniqueandTheirDevelopmentLiuShujunChengGuangchao(InstituteofGenetics,AcademiaSinieaBeijing100101)1概述1980年,Wyman和White描述了第一个多等位性的具有高度多态性的人类DNA标记[11]．不久,在胰岛素基因（insulingene）的5’端区域、致癌基因c—HarasIoncogene）的3’端分别发现了相同的高度可变的标记（hypervariablemarker）．在α－球蛋白（α-globin）基因群周围还发现了其它三个标记[2]．1982年,Bell等[1]证实：这些高度多态性区域串联着重复的短序列单位,由于重复单位数目的差…     

DNA Fingerprinting of Dairy Propionibacteria Strainsby Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

Restriction endonuclease patterns generated by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) were used to compare 96 strains of dairy propionibacteria originating from dairy products, international and industrial collections; endonucleases XbaI and SspI gave satisfactory restriction patterns. However, whereas XbaI can be used for Propionibacterium freudenreichii, SspI seems more suitable for the three other species: P. acidipropionici, P. thoenii, and P. jensenii. It is a convenient method to differentiate the dairy propionibacteria from closely related bacteria and from others usually present in dairy products. We observed a considerable restriction fragment length polymorphism among the Propionibacterium chromosomes and especially for P. freudenreichii: among 48 strains we detected 40 different patterns. This species is the most commonly encountered in the Swiss-type cheeses and is the only Propionibacterium species used as a cheese starter. Conversely, the species P. acidipropionici is not very diverse: among nine strains we observed only four different patterns, two of which were closely related. This is probably because this species is not used as a starter in cheese manufacture and consequently is poorly represented in collections. When strains come from geographical different isolates, their patterns are always different with very few common bands. The presence of numerous identical strains was due to the fact that they were present at the same time in the national collections, research laboratory collections, and in the industrial ones.     

三种DNA指纹图谱技术在菌株分型中的应用

旨在通过ERIC-PCR、BOX-PCR、RAPD等技术对4株地芽孢杆菌属菌株进行DNA指纹图谱分析,找到一种适合于地芽孢杆菌属尤其是嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌的菌株分型方法。4株地芽孢杆菌属菌株呈现出4种不同的指纹图谱,其中ERIC-PCR的方法获得的条带较为清晰,实验方法较为简便快捷,且能相对较好地区分不同株系;BOX-PCR的方法得到的条带相对较少,不能很好地区分同一种菌的不同株系;RAPD的方法获得的条带相对较多,区分性更高,但同时也增加了一部分工作量和成本。3种菌株分型技术均能有效的区分地芽孢杆菌属菌株,其中ERIC-PCR是一种最有效最便捷区分嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌不同株系的方法。     

DNA Fingerprinting of Trypanosoma vivax Isolates Rapidly Identifies Intraspecific Relationships

ABSTRACT. Using the polymerase chain reaction and arbitrarily selected oligonucleotide primers of 10 or 11 bases, we have amplified DNA sequences from Trypanosoma vivax parasites isolated from South America and Africa. On the basis of polymorphisms in the DNA fingerprints generated by three of the primers, the parasites could be separated into two major groups, one comprising T. vivax isolates from Kenya and the second including all the other T. vivax parasites (from Colombia, The Gambia, Nigeria and Uganda). One of these three primers (ILo 525) also gave isolate-specific DNA fingerprints for the parasites for the parasites tested, which will allow the use of this technique both in the species identification and discrimination of T. vivax parasites.     

用DNA指纹图技术分析Wistar大鼠的遗传距离

采用JL-02多位点探针和Southern杂交对Wistar大鼠基因组进行了DNA指纹分析,并对国内最具有典型的6个地区9个Wistar大鼠群体内和群体间进行了DNA指纹分析比较。结果表明,DNA指纹图较好地反映了封闭群动物的遗传本质,具有良好的多态性。同一群体不同个体间Wistar大鼠遗传距离主要为0.2~0.6,将不同群体的Wistar大鼠DNA指纹图带进行分析表明,所有群体间的DNA指纹图的遗传距离在0.2~0.7。 Abstract:DNA fingerprinting of Wistar rat were studied with JL-02 Mulilocus probe and Southern hybridization,and comparing with different individuals of nine groups Wistar rat from six national classical area and different groups.It was indicated that DNA fingerprinting could reflect genetic material of outbred strain rat,and were more polymorphic.The genetic distances of Wistar rat were distributed for 0.2~0.6 among different individuals within same groups,and the genetic distances of Wistar rat were distributed for 0.2~0.7 among different groups．     

Fingerprinting cyanobionts and hosts of theAzolla symbiosis by DNA amplification

Cyanobionts of six species of the aquatic fernAzolla were evaluated by specific and random DNA profiles amplified by the DNA polymerase chain reaction. Simultaneous examination of the prokaryoticAnabaena azollae and the host was achieved using primers for the chloroplast-encoded intron of the tRNA-Leucine (UAA) gene. These amplifiedtrnL intron sizes, restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the amplified 16s rRNA gene, and random amplified polymorphic DNAs demonstrated the capacity of this method for the rapid assessment of similarities amongAnabaena azollae and minorAnabaena isolates fromAzolla.     

Fingerprinting human chromosomes by polymerase chain reaction-mediated DNA amplification.

We describe here a method for DNA fingerprinting of human chromosomes by Alu-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA from monochromosomal hybrids, following digestion with restriction endonucleases. DNA digestion with restriction enzymes prior to PCR amplification reduces the total number of amplified fragments. The number and pattern of bands of PCR products observed in an electrophoretic medium are chromosome specific and provide a "fingerprint signature" for individual human chromosomes. Using this approach, we have produced fingerprints for human chromosomes 2, 5, 7, 9, and 12. The applicability of this approach to chromosome identification was assessed by comparing the fingerprints obtained for two different hybrids containing chromosome 7. DNA fragments specific for the long and the short arms of human chromosome 12 have also been identified. In addition, Alu-PCR-generated DNA fragments, specific for different chromosomes, were used to probe Southern blots of a hybrid cell panel to identify human chromosomes present in hybrid cell lines. The chromosomal specificity of these probes permits the identification of intact as well as rearranged chromosomes composed of segments arising from more than one chromosome.     

甘薯质体遗传方式的DNA指纹图谱分析

用DNA指纹图谱分析了甘薯(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)徐薯18和AB78-1品系及它们的正反交子代叶绿体DNA,结果显示子代叶绿体DNA指纹均与母本相同,而未发现与父本或双亲相同的指纹图谱,因此在该杂交组合中质体遗传方式为母系遗传.这个结论与先前根据细胞学研究所推测的甘薯质体遗传方式不同,表明旋花科植物可能并不存在一个一致的父系或双亲质体传递模式.DNA指纹图谱分析用于质体遗传的研究尚未见报道,本文对其优越性进行了讨论.     

DNA指纹图谱技术在作物品种(系)鉴定与纯度分析中的应用

阐述了常用DNA指纹图谱技术（RFLP、RAPD、SSR、AFLP等）以及其他的几种DNA指纹图谱技术（SCAR、ISSR、SNP、SRAP、TRAP等）的原理、优点及其应用研究概况,认为利用DNA指纹技术通过鉴定品种DNA水平上的差异来鉴定品种真实性和纯度,具有准确可靠、成本较低、不受环境因素影响、便于实现鉴定自动化,且可鉴定表型上难于鉴别的品种等优点;已初步应用于多种作物的品种真实性和纯度分析,有些已实现商业化。虽然DNA指纹技术还存在许多不足,该文认为利用DNA指纹图谱鉴定品种纯度和真实性是品种鉴定的发展趋势,应加大力度不断完善和发展DNA图谱鉴定技术,实现DNA指纹鉴定的简单化、自动化和商业化。     

甘薯质体遗传方式的DNA指纹图谱分析

用DNA指纹图谱分析了甘薯（Ipomoea batatasLam.)徐薯18和AB78-1品系及它们的正反交子代叶绿体DNA,结果显示子代叶绿体DNA指纹均与母本相同,而未发现与父本或双亲相同的指纹图谱,因此在该杂交组合中质体遗传方式为母系遗传,这个结论与先前根据细胞学研究所推测的甘薯质体遗传试不同。表明旋花科植物可能并不存在一个一致的父系或双亲质体传递模式。DNA指纹图谱分析用于质体遗传的研究尚未见报道,本文对其优越性进行了讨论。     

纵纹腹小鸮DNA指纹谱探针的筛选和初步应用

以人工合成的微卫星序列 (GTG) 5,(GT) 8,(CAC) 5和人源小卫星 33 1 5作引物 ,扩增纵纹腹小的基因组DNA ,产生多态性DNA片段 ,回收了 8个表现个体特异性的片段。当用小的基因组总DNA探针与它们杂交时 ,其中 2个表现阳性 ,说明PCR方法扩增出的高变异产物含有重复序列。用含重复序列的个体特异性PCR产物作探针 ,与无关个体小基因组DNA的HaeⅢ酶切产物进行DNA印迹 ,获得了变异性较高的DNA指纹图谱。且通过对京白鸡家系分析表明 ,用小基因组DNA的PCR产物分离制备的探针所获得的DNA指纹图带能够稳定的遗传。因此 ,高变异的PCR产物可以有效地用作DNA指纹探针。     

Assessment of Population Differentiation Using DNA Fingerprinting and Modified Wright's FST-Statistics

Using our results and literature data on multilocus DNA fingerprinting, we propose a method of obtaining unbiased estimates of the between-population genetic similarity index and a measure of population subdivision based on modified Wright's F _ST-statistics. On the basis of multiple comparison T ² Hotelling's test and Holmes' procedure, the F _ST-statistics was applied to assess differentiation of four (Pacific and Atlantic) subpopulations of humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae, six populations of Californian island gray fox Urocyon littoralis, and geographically isolated Ob' and Yakutia populations of Siberian white crane Crus leucogeranus. It was shown that the regional humpback whale subpopulations do not constitute a single panmictic unit (P < 10^–4). The subdivision index of the Pacific and Atlantic populations expressed in terms of F-statistics varied from 0.101 to 0.157. The differentiation estimates for the island fox populations, which ranged from 0.2109 to 0.4027, indicate that subdivision of these populations is a function of the distance between the islands, island size, and population size. In particular, the smallest and the greatest differences were found respectively between the populations of the geographically closest northern islands (F _ST = 0.2157, F _ST = 0.2109) and between those of the most distant northern and southern islands (F _ST = 0.4027, F _ST = 0.3869). Subdivision of the island populations with minimum areas and low population number was intermediate (F _ST = 0.3789). Mean values of heterozygosity, within-population genetic similarity index, and the number of coinciding fragments for two random individuals of Siberian white crane from the Ob' and Yakutia population were not statistically significantly different (P 0.852, P 0.491, P 0.325). However, pairwise comparisons of mean F _ST values indicated that the differentiation estimates for samples from these populations fall within the limits of population subdivision (P = 0.01). The subdivision estimate (0.108–0.133) of various groups of Siberian white cranes is comparable to interregional subdivision of humpback whale. Based on the results of this study, we recommend the approach based on modified Wright's F _ST-statistics for studying genetic population structure aimed at detecting population subdivision.