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《中国细胞生物学学报》2010,(2)
<正>实验室基因工程小鼠品系的保存大多是通过和野生型小鼠交配,然后不断鉴定、选择携带基因突变或转基因的后代来实现。因此,维持一个基因工程小鼠品系,必须要通过分子生物学手段不断的鉴定小鼠的基因型。以基因剔除小鼠为例,一般我们需要设计两组不同的PCR引物,分别用于扩增野生型小鼠和突变型小鼠的基因组DNA片段。用于扩增野生型基因组DNA的PCR两个引物至少有一个来自于被剔除的区域DNA序列,这样对于基因剔除小鼠纯合子个体基因组DNA,利用这对引物将无法得到扩增产物;用于扩增突变型小鼠基因组DNA,我们一般在被 相似文献
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NF κB是重要的核转录因子,最近,美国研究人员DavidBaltimore等惊奇地发现,NF κB在行为学中枢调控过程中亦起重要作用。他们发现,敲除NF κB分子P6 5基因的小鼠的海马细胞虽然存在NF κB的其他亚基,但突触刺激引发的NF κB核转运却被降低。行为学研究亦表明,虽然P6 5基因敲除小鼠具有正常发育的中枢神经系统和正常的日常行为,但在辐射臂状迷宫(radialarmmaze,RAM)实验中,P6 5基因敲除小鼠对场景的学习和记忆能力以及探寻食物的能力均明显低于野生型小鼠,尽管实验中它们表现出与野生型小鼠相同的探寻行为(exploratorybehavior)和… 相似文献
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鸟鸣及其鸣唱控制系统发育可塑性研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
鸟类的鸣唱控制系统已成为研究神经系统与学习、行为和发育相关的一个重要模型。鸣禽鸣唱学习行为的神经基础为脊椎动物复杂习得行为的解剖学功能定位提供了一个范例。它也可为我们研究人类语言学习记忆提供借鉴,对近年来在鸟类鸣唱及其呜唱控制系统发育可塑性方面的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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青春期小鼠与成年小鼠在吗啡和食物诱导条件化位置偏爱建立上的异同 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
该实验通过采用吗啡诱导的条件位置偏爱(conditioned place preference,CPP)与食物诱导CPP相结合的方法来研究青春期小鼠和成年小鼠的普通学习记忆和成瘾学习记忆之间是否存在差异。结果发现:1)成年小鼠能够建立吗啡诱导CPP,而青春期小鼠不能建立;2)青春期小鼠和成年小鼠都能够建立食物诱导CPP。吗啡诱导CPP的结果提示,青春期小鼠和成年小鼠在成瘾学习记忆上有差异,青春期小鼠的成瘾记忆能力较弱。食物诱导CPP的结果提示,青春期小鼠和成年小鼠在普通学习记忆上没有差异。吗啡诱导CPP和食物诱导CPP的结果比较提示,小鼠的普通学习记忆系统和成瘾学习记忆系统发育进程是不平行的。 相似文献
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《生理学报》2017,(4)
miR-34a是一种进化保守并在脑中高表达的miRNA,已有研究显示其可能参与调控神经干细胞增殖和分化、神经元成熟和凋亡、恐惧记忆巩固等脑发育和功能的多个重要方面,但内源性miR-34a缺失是否显著影响脑正常发育和功能尚属未知。在本研究中,我们对miR-34a全敲除小鼠模型进行检测,发现miR-34a的缺失不影响成年鼠脑的重量、基本结构、大脑皮层的分层及其中几类主要类型的兴奋性和抑制性神经元的数量和分布,也不影响恐惧记忆的巩固及焦虑和抑郁样行为,但对小鼠的运动协调能力有一定影响。由于miR-34a在大脑皮层小清蛋白(parvalbumin,PV)亚型抑制性神经元中特异高表达,我们利用PV-Cre对miR-34a进行了条件敲除,但并未观察到这类神经元数量与分布的改变。我们的研究证明,miR-34a虽然参与调控小鼠大脑发育和行为的特定方面,但并非是调控大脑结构分区与皮层分层形成、皮层主要神经元类型产生与维持、恐惧记忆形成与巩固所必需的关键因子。 相似文献
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海马学习记忆功能有关基因及六味地黄汤益智作用与基因表达关系的研究 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
运用逆转录 多聚酶链反应 (RT PCR)技术及学习记忆行为实验 ,通过快速老化模型小鼠 (SAM )、氢化可的松处理小鼠及正常小鼠 ,研究发现海马糖皮质激素受体 (GR)、盐皮质激素受体 (MR)、bcl 2、c fos、神经细胞粘附分子 (NCAM )、早老蛋白 2 (PS 2 )及apoE与中枢学习记忆功能具有密切的关系。应用mRNA差异显示技术研究发现 ,SAM的快速老化亚系SAMP8和抗快速老化亚系SAMR1海马有 6条明显差异的基因片段 ,其中二个为新基因。口服六味地黄汤 (LW )对模型动物学习记忆功能衰退具有明显的改善作用 ,同时对海马基因表达异常具有明显纠正作用。应用胚胎大鼠原代培养的海马神经元研究发现皮质酮对学习记忆有关基因表达具有明显影响。上述结果提示 ,中枢学习记忆过程与海马多种基因表达存在密切的关系 ,纠正海马基因表达异常、调节下丘脑 垂体 肾上腺 (HPA)轴的平衡是LW益智作用的重要机制之一。 相似文献
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为了研究四川东北部地区孕妇亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)基因C677T多态性的分布情况,从而指导孕妇的叶酸补充,我们从我国四川东北部地区收集了2 544例孕妇血液样本,并运用PCR-基因芯片技术检测了MTHFR C677T基因多态性,我们发现这些孕妇的MTHFR基因中突变型CT和TT比野生型CC高22.24%,其中野生型CC占38.88%,杂合突变型CT占47.13%,纯合突变型TT占13.99%(χ2=251.85,p0.05)。结合现有对MTHFR基因多态性与流产、不孕、畸胎瘤、神经管缺陷、胚胎停止发育等的研究,我们对MTHFR C677T基因多态性的调查将对相关疾病的临床诊疗有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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《中国应用生理学杂志》2015,(5)
目的:探究第十代转人P301L突变tau基因小鼠(F10)学习记忆障碍的机制。方法:Western blot法检测F10代小鼠人tau蛋白的表达与tau蛋白磷酸化水平的改变;Bielshowsky法银染脑片显示神经纤维缠结;旷场实验与避暗实验检测小鼠学习记忆能力的改变。比色法检测小鼠全脑乙酰胆碱水平,胆碱乙酰转移酶活性与胆碱酯酶活性变化;硝酸还原酶法检测小鼠全脑一氧化氮水平的改变。结果:转人P301L突变tau基因小鼠可表达外源人tau蛋白,3月龄小鼠大脑皮层和海马中出现tau蛋白磷酸化水平明显升高及7月龄小鼠皮层形成神经纤维缠结和出现学习记忆障碍;转人P301L突变tau基因小鼠全脑乙酰胆碱水平,胆碱酯酶活性和胆碱乙酰转移酶活性及表达均未见明显改变;但该小鼠全脑一氧化氮水平却明显下降。结论:F10代转人P301L突变tau基因小鼠仍可遗传亲本性状,7月龄小鼠同时出现学习记忆障碍与全脑一氧化氮含量明显下降的现象,提示转人P301L突变tau基因小鼠全脑一氧化氮含量下降可能涉及其学习记忆障碍机制。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献