粪菌移植在儿童炎症性肠病中的应用

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种病因尚不明确的非特异性肠道炎症性疾病。越来越多的证据表明肠道菌群失调与IBD的发生发展密切相关。粪菌移植是通过各种方式将健康捐赠者的粪便菌群移植入患者消化道内,旨在重建患者肠道菌群从而达到对肠道内外疾病治疗的目的。肠道微生物稳态及失调在疾病发生发展中发挥作用,其中包括炎症性肠病(IBD)。越来越多的研究报道了FMT在IBD中的治疗作用,现主要阐述粪菌移植在儿童IBD中的应用。     

益生菌治疗炎症性肠病的研究进展

炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）主要包括溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative olitis,UC）和Crohn＇s病（Crohn＇s disease,CD）,近年来随着人们生活水平的提高以及饮食结构的变化,该病在我国的发病率逐年上升.目前研究认为IBD是由基因的易感性,环境因素激发和肠道免疫系统失调等多种因素交互作用引起的消化系统自身免疫性慢性炎症疾病.应用免疫抑制剂作为临床上治疗该病的主要手段已经有了很大的发展,却仍然存在着价格昂贵,毒副作用强,而且并不是对所有患者都有效等问题.长期使用抗生素则因容易引起肠道细菌耐药而导致菌群失调,往往使得IBD的病情更加复杂.临床研究表明IBD患者肠道内存在着严重的菌群失调,通过给予益生菌对局部的微生态环境进行调节,可使病情缓解.本文从炎症性肠病的病因学出发,对目前应用益生菌治疗IBD及其治疗机制的研究进展进行综述.     

肠道菌群在炎症性肠病发病中的作用

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种非特异性肠道炎症性疾病,其病因和发病机制尚不完全明确。肠道菌群作为一个非常复杂的微生态系统,在IBD的患病机制中扮演着非常重要的角色。本研究就肠道微生态系统、肠道菌群与IBD发病的关系以及肠道菌群调控对IBD的作用的最新进展进行综述。     

益生菌在儿童炎症性肠病中的应用

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种原因不明的慢性非特异性肠道炎性疾病,主要包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)、克罗恩病(Crohn′s disease,CD)和未定型的炎症性肠病(IBD-unclassified,IBDU)。随着对肠道微生物与IBD关系认识的不断加深,许多研究发现肠道菌群的生态失调在IBD的发病中起着重要作用。益生菌在儿童IBD治疗中具有良好前景,但仍缺乏有效的证据来确证益生菌疗效,并指导临床对益生菌的种类和剂量等进行选择。现有研究表明,益生菌对儿童IBD的治疗具有特异性,在诱导和维持UC缓解效果明显,但在诱导CD缓解、维持CD缓解和预防术后并发症及复发方面效果并不理想。     

炎症性肠病发病机制研究进展

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种慢性复发性肠道炎症性疾病,其病因未明,发病率逐年增高。目前研究表明,IBD的发病机制是遗传易感性和环境对菌群相互作用的结果,通过削弱肠道屏障导致肠道免疫过度激活引起的疾病。本文将从遗传、环境、肠道屏障和免疫学的角度,综述IBD的发病机制。     

肠道微生物群落与炎症性肠病关系研究进展

目的炎症性肠病（IBD）包括克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC）,以持续性肠道非特异性炎症为特征,通常反复发作、迁延不愈,临床上仍无特效性的治疗手段。IBD确切的发病机制尚不清楚,涉及免疫、环境及遗传等因素,这些因素共同诱导肠道炎症、黏膜损伤和修复。肠道微生物群落及其代谢产物、宿主基因易感性及肠道黏膜免疫三方面共同参与了IBD的发病机制。本文从消化道微生态角度出发,对目前IBD相关的肠道微生物群落研究现状、宿主-微生物间免疫应答及益生菌治疗等内容进行探讨。     

益生菌在炎症性肠病中的治疗作用

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)。随着对肠道微生物群在IBD发病机制中作用的认识不断深入,近年来益生菌广泛应用于IBD治疗。大量临床试验结果表明,益生菌治疗IBD的疗效主要体现在对UC和贮袋炎的治疗,对CD的疗效不明确。益生菌治疗IBD可能通过促进肠道微生物群平衡、改善肠道屏障功能、调节肠道黏膜免疫及营养物质代谢等途径。     

真菌菌群在炎症性肠病中的作用研究进展CSCD

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)包括溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn's disease,CD),是消化道的慢性复发性炎症性疾病,多年来IBD与肠道菌群的关系备受关注[1-2],其发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势[3]。IBD的发病机制是遗传易感性、环境影响和肠道屏障受损等多因素之间相互作用的结果[4-5]。     

粪菌移植和益生菌在复发性艰难梭菌感染和炎症性肠病中的应用进展

聚集在人体肠道的菌群对维持机体正常的生理功能具有重要作用,肠道菌群的失调会导致复发性艰难梭菌感染及炎症性肠病等疾病。粪菌移植是将健康供者肠道内的功能菌群转移到患病个体的肠道内,重建患者的肠道微生态环境,从而达到治疗的目的。研究发现,粪菌移植在治疗复发性艰难梭菌感染方面表现出较高的治愈率,同时对炎症性肠病有积极的疗效。益生菌是一类能发挥健康作用的活性微生物,当机体摄入足够数量的益生菌,益生菌能在宿主肠道内定植,可以恢复并维持宿主肠道菌群的平衡。益生菌可作为预防复发性艰难梭菌感染的辅助治疗,同时在缓解炎症性肠病方面也有较好的效果。     

多组学分析在炎症性肠病中的应用与研究进展

炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种累及回肠、直肠和结肠的特发性慢性肠道炎症性疾病,主要包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病,在临床表现、病程和治疗反应等方面具有高度异质性。目前,关于IBD的发病机制尚未明确,治疗方法相对有限。由遗传、环境、肠道微生态以及宿主免疫失衡在内的多因素共同导致了过度活跃的炎症反应并最终引发患者的肠道粘膜屏障受损和管腔菌群紊乱。单一组学的分析无法全面揭示IBD发病过程中复杂的相互协同作用机制,更无法挖掘潜在的治疗靶点和开发有效的干预策略。因此需要运用多组学关联分析技术以帮助研究者从多个维度解析IBD的发病机制。回顾和分析了多组学技术在IBD相关研究领域中的应用,并且讨论了使用这些方法在IBD分型、早期诊断和个性化医疗等领域的潜力,以期为进一步研究IBD发病机制奠定良好基础。     

基于益生菌治疗帕金森病的研究进展

帕金森病是常见的神经退行性疾病,其发病原因至今尚未明确,目前的治疗方法价格昂贵、效果差且副作用大。帕金森病患者常见胃肠道功能障碍,帕金森病和肠道菌群之间的关联已得到实验证实,患者有望通过益生菌改善肠道菌群达到治疗的目的。工程益生菌的出现使得人们可以按照自己的意愿改造益生菌,提高其稳定性和靶向性,展现出其特有的应用潜力。本文将从益生菌治疗帕金森病的研究现状出发,阐述益生菌治疗帕金森病的可能机制,进一步分析工程益生菌治疗帕金森病的可行性,为该疾病的安全治疗提供新的思路。     

Paneth cells: the hub for sensing and regulating intestinal flora

The complex interplay between symbiotic bacteria and host immunity plays a key role in shaping intestinal homeostasis and maintaining host health. Paneth cells, as one of the major producers of antimicrobial peptides in the intestine under steady-state conditions, play a vital role in regulating intestinal flora. Many studies on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated genes have put Paneth cells at the center of IBD pathogenesis. In this perspective, we focus on mechanistic studies of different cellular processes in Paneth cells that are regulated by various IBD-associated susceptibility genes, and we discuss the hypothesis that Paneth cells function as the central hub for sensing and regulating intestinal flora in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.     

益生菌在炎症性肠病治疗中的研究进展

益生菌（Probiotics）是一类能够促进肠道微生物菌群平衡,对宿主健康或生理功能产生有益作用的活性微生物。目前广泛应用于生命健康领域、科学研究、生物工程、工农业以及食品安全。大量国内外研究表明益生菌在降血压、降血糖、降血脂、抗过敏、抗炎、调节免疫、维持肠道菌群平衡等方面具有积极作用。炎症性肠病的病因和发病机制尚未完全明确,现多认为与遗传、环境、感染、免疫以及肠道微生物多因素相互作用有关。益生菌通过多种机制介导,在临床治疗炎症性肠病中扮演着重要角色。     

肠道菌群紊乱所致炎症反应与抑郁症

抑郁症是一种与炎症反应、神经免疫关系密切的神经精神疾病。微生物,尤其是肠道菌群,则与人类免疫调节机制形成、感染和炎症反应息息相关。研究已证实,肠道菌群在炎症性肠病、哮喘等自身免疫性疾病的发生发展过程中起了相当大的作用。这些探讨非感染性疾病与微生物的关系的研究和理论形成了卫生学假说,亦即"老朋友"假说。目前,很多研究正在运用卫生学假说的观念,探索肠道菌群与抑郁症发生、发展、预防和治疗之间的联系,并取得了一些进展。本文重点就肠道菌群失调是否能够促进抑郁症发生及其可能机制做一综述。     

Effect of Probiotic Use on Adverse Events in Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Retrospective Cohort Study

Alterations of intestinal microflora are involved in the pathogenesis and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Manipulation of human gut microbiota with probiotics may be a therapeutic option. In this retrospective cohort study, the benefits of probiotic use in reducing adverse events were analyzed. Data from clinical charts of IBD patients followed up for at least 36 months were retrieved. The occurrence of adverse events including the need for systemic steroids, hospitalization, and surgery related to IBD was analyzed according to age, gender, body mass index, treatments, IBD phenotype, disease duration, and probiotic use. The amount of probiotic use was calculated as the ratio of time under probiotic treatment to the disease duration starting from the date of the first probiotic administration and expressed as a percentage. Patients were stratified according to the percentage of probiotic use as ≤?24%, 25–74%, and ≥?75%, and the number of adverse events per patient-years was calculated. Results were adjusted for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) by multivariate analysis including study variables. Data from 200 patients (78 CD, 122 UC; 117 females; mean age 40.6?±?15.3 years; mean disease duration 12.1?±?8.7 years) were available. CD patients taking probiotics for 25–74% of the disease duration experienced a 64% reduction in total adverse events. The need for systemic steroids, hospitalization, and surgery dropped to zero events per person-year in UC patients and decreased by 93% (p?<?0.001) in CD patients taking probiotics for ≥?75% of the disease duration. Our findings suggest that the use of probiotics may be an additional therapeutic tool in patients with IBD.

     

A recent update on the use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic disease that is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Proper management of IBD requires both early diagnosis and novel therapies and management programs. Many reports have suggested that Chinese medicine has unique properties favorable to the treatment of IBD. However, there are no systematic analyses on this topic.PurposeThis review summarizes recent studies that assessed the effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD in order to fully understand the advantages of Chinese medicine in the management of IBD.MethodsA literature search was conducted using peer-reviewed and clinical databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer LINK, Wan-fang database, the Chinese Biomedicine Database, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Keywords used were inflammatory bowel disease (including Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease) and Chinese medicine. All selected articles were from 1997 to 2021, and each were assessed critically for our exclusion criteria. Studies describing the pathogenesis of IBD, the effects and mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD, in particular their roles in immune regulation, intestinal flora regulation, and improvement of intestinal barrier function, were included.ConclusionThis review highlights recent progress in the use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD. It also provides a reference for further evaluation and exploration of the potential of classical multi-herbal Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD.