中美课程教学差异分析及启示——基于食品专业“微生物学”视角

以中国南昌大学食品学院开设的"微生物学"和美国University of Minnesota食品科学与营养系的Introductory Microbiology为研究对象,从课程安排、教学过程、实践环节和知识考察等方面对食品专业"微生物学"课程教学进行对比研究,以此窥豹一斑。研究发现,国内高校"微生物学"课程存在教学内容更新滞后、课堂讨论互动不足、考查方式多元化欠缺等问题,学生学习存在投入时间偏少、知识点掌握不牢固、考试后遗忘较快、应用知识解决问题能力较差等问题。要更好地开展食品专业"微生物学"教学,必须以学生为中心,及时更新教材内容,结合现代技术开展启发教学、案例教学,有效建构学生知识体系,施行课程助理制度,完善考核制度,提升教师自身工程化能力,从而助推提升教学质量。     

体验式教学法在中学生物学教学中的应用

“体验式”教学法是在宽松的情境中让学生主动参与学习活动,通过学生对自身体验的省思来进行学习并完成知识的建构过程,获得自主发展的一种教学模式。论述了体验教学的内涵、策略、过程及构建该教学模式应注意的问题。     

建构主义教学模式在医学微生物学教学实践中的应用

传统的教学模式是以"教师为中心",建构主义教学模式强调"以学生为主体"。医学微生物学教学存在课时少、内容繁杂、知识点琐碎、逻辑性较差等特点,采用传统教学模式往往不能达到较好的教学效果。通过将建构主义理论引入医学微生物学教学实践中,我们设计了适合医学微生物学的建构主义教学模式,充分调动学生的主动性、积极性和创造性。该模式的应用,进一步提高了医学微生物学的教学质量,增加了学生综合素质的培养。     

体验式教学在护理教学中的应用研究

体验式教学是以学生作为教学的主体,以教学活动作为载体,让学生用自己的思维方式去领会知识,并运用到实践中的一种教学模式。本文主要通过对学生体验式教学的特征加以分析,并进一步探究体验式教学的应用效果和意义,以期提高学生的实践能力,激发学生的学习热情,促进学生综合素质的培养。     

"细胞膜"一节体验式教学尝试

在"细胞膜"一节的教学中,学生尝试体验式学习模式,基于科学史资料分析,通过动手、动脑逐步完成细胞膜的模型构建,并在此过程中体验总结"流动镶嵌模型"的理论内容.     

食品微生物学教学初探

食品微生物学在理论上属于微生物学范畴,但它又是一fi广泛地涉及生物学领域和食品工程学范畴的理论与实际密切联系的应用科学,尊重研究与食品有关的微生物的生命活动规律和生物学特性。食品微生物学是食品工程专业的主干课程之一,对食品加工和食品的质量控制起着十分关键的作用。因此,如何搞好食品微生物学的教学,为国家输送合格的从事食品工程研究和生产的技术人才是值得探讨的问题。本文拟就食品微生物学理论和实验的教学进行初步探讨,以期对微生物的教学改革起到抛砖引玉的作用。1培养学生对食品微生物学的兴趣兴趣是学习的最佳动…     

体验式教学法在教学实践中的应用研究

体验式教学法是近年来倡导的一种教学方法,强调师生互动,学生作为课堂主体参与课堂,通过情感体验学习新的知识,提高学习效率,培养学生的动力能力和创新能力。本文介绍了体验式教学法的实施策略和操作流程,以及实践应用中的注意事项。     

以思辨训练为目标的教学策略在微生物学教学中的应用

本科阶段的微生物学教学不但要让学生掌握基本的微生物学知识,更重要的是让学生学会运用所学到的知识解释和解决实际生活中碰到的相关问题,具备理性思考和辨析能力。本文以我校微生物学教学改革为例,介绍了如何通过教案设计、教学案例筛选和教学方法整合等方式提高学生的思辨能力。通过不同教学策略的使用,有效提高了学生对知识点的掌握与理解,极大提升了学生的知识运用能力和理性辨析能力。     

食品微生物学实验课立体化教学体系的构建

通过对食品微生物学实验课教学内容、教学手段和方法以及考核方法等方面进行改革,构建了一套基础性实验—综合提高性实验—创新性实验的立体化实验教学体系,使其教学系统化、课程层次化、内容多样化,使学生的综合能力得到了良好的训练,培养了创新意识和综合实验能力,达到了较好的教学效果.     

智能手机在“互联网+”教学中的应用探索与实践

"互联网+"教学是以互联网为基础设施和创新要素的一种新型教学体系。为探索智能手机在"食品微生物学"和"食品微生物学实验"等课程教学中的辅助作用,本文在分析智能手机在教学中应用潜力的基础上,结合当代大学生的手机使用行为习惯,开展了智能手机在混合式教学中的应用。实践结果表明,智能手机强大的功能和服务实现了移动学习,有利于信息及时传递,方便解惑释疑,加强了师生互动,提升了学生的学习驱动力,有助于获得全面及时的教学反馈和评价。智能手机可以成为提高教师"教"与学生"学"效果的一把利器。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.