褐家鼠消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

应用Grimelius银染法观察了褐家鼠Arattus norvegicus消化道嗜银细胞的分布密度及形态.结果 显示,在褐家鼠的消化道除食管未见嗜银细胞外,其它部位均有嗜银细胞的分布,其分布密度为胃贲门部最高,回肠部最低.嗜银细胞多分布于消化道粘膜上皮细胞之间或腺泡上皮之间,有时可见于上皮基部和固有膜内.嗜银细胞形态多样,主要以锥体形为主,其次还有圆形、梭形和椭圆形.根据其嗜银细胞形态,认为褐家鼠消化道内嗜银细胞具有内、外分泌、旁分泌3种功能.     

文县疣螈消化道和肝脏的形态学及组织学观察

利用生物显微技术对文县疣螈的消化道和肝脏进行了观察.结果 表明:文县疣螈的消化道管壁由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜组成.食管粘膜为复层扁平柱状上皮,胃、小肠和直肠上皮为单层柱状上皮.各段皱褶丰富.胃有发达的腺体,肠的各段无多细胞腺体分布.杯状细胞丰富,其中十二指肠最少,直肠部最多,胃的各部无杯状细胞.肝小叶分界不清,肝...     

秦岭滑蜥消化系统组织结构及消化管嗜银细胞观察

为揭示秦岭滑蜥(Scincella tsinlingensis)消化系统的基本特征,运用大体解剖与组织切片技术、Grimelius浸银法对其消化系统组织结构以及消化管嗜银细胞的分布、形态和密度进行了观察。除舌外,消化管的管壁分为黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜。消化管各部分的差异主要在管壁厚度和黏膜皱襞数量。各段管壁厚度以胃幽门部最厚,达(221.03±5.94)μm,而十二指肠最薄,仅(63.59±1.17)μm。各段黏膜皱襞的形态和数量明显不同,空肠多达17~20个,其次为回肠和十二指肠,分别为15~17个和11~13个。此外,消化管各部分肌层的相对厚度及腺体的分布也存在差异。肝组织无典型的肝小叶分化,胰腺中胰岛不发达。在秦岭滑蜥的消化管中,锥形、椭圆形、圆形或不规则形的嗜银细胞广泛分布于固有膜和黏膜上皮细胞之间,胃体部的密度最高。上述结果表明,秦岭滑蜥消化系统结构与大多数爬行类相比,无明显差异。消化管中嗜银细胞分布、形态和密度可能与其在该物种中的功能有关。     

刺猬消化道嗜银细胞形态与分布

通过用龙桂开浸银法对刺猬消化道各段进行组织切片观察,结果表明嗜银细胞分布于胃贲门及以下所有消化管,其中胃、十二指肠与小肠末段嗜银细胞分布密度较高,小肠中段及直肠末段密度较低。嗜银细胞分布于消化管壁粘膜层腺体与绒毛,其中在腺体密度较高,在绒毛较低,并且胃、小肠壁固有膜腺体的中、底部密度最高,另外在胃幽门有狭小的高密度分布区。嗜银细胞有锥体形、瓜子形、椭圆形、长梭形、圆形等。锥体形、瓜子形、长梭形多有明显的长突起。嗜银颗粒或充满整个细胞,或集中于突起端或基底部。细胞外常可见到刚释放的嗜银颗粒,特别是锥体形、瓜子形细胞的尖端处常可见到向腺管腔或肠腔释放的嗜银颗粒。     

刺猥消化道嗜银细胞形态与分布

通过用龙桂开浸银法对刺猥消化道各段进行组织切片观察,结果表明嗜银细胞分布于胃贲门以及所有消化管,其中胃,十二指肠与小肠末段嗜银细胞分布密度较高,小肠中段及直肠末段密度较低,嗜银细胞分布于消化管壁粘膜层腺体与绒毛,其中在腺体密度较高,在绒毛较低,并且胃、小肠壁固有膜腺体的中、底部密度最高,另外在胃幽门有狭小的高密度分布区。嗜银细胞有锥体形,瓜子形,椭圆形,长梭形,圆形等,锥体形,瓜子形,长梭形多有明显的长突起。嗜银颗粒或充满整个细胞,或集中于起端或基底部,细胞外常见到刚释放的嗜银颗粒,特别是锥体形,瓜子形细胞的尖端处常可见到向腺管或肠腔释放的嗜银颗粒。     

凹耳蛙消化道组织学和嗜银细胞形态观察

为了揭示凹耳蛙(Odorrana tormota)消化道的基本特征,运用石蜡切片法和龙桂开银浸法对凹耳蛙消化道组织学结构及嗜银细胞的形态与分布密度进行了观察。结果显示:①凹耳蛙的胃壁具明显的纵行皱襞和胃小凹,胃腺发达,小肠可分为十二指肠和回肠,杯状细胞分散在十二指肠上皮细胞之间,十二指肠中未见十二指肠腺分布。②凹耳蛙嗜银细胞见于消化道全长,呈毛笔头样、锥体形、梭形、椭圆形和长条形等;幽门腺上皮和十二指肠绒毛上皮中的嗜银细胞具指向腺泡腔或肠腔的突起,提示其可能具有腔分泌的功能。嗜银细胞的分布密度胃幽门部最高,十二指肠和胃体其次,食道最低。据此认为胃既是凹耳蛙的主要消化器官,也是消化道中主要的内分泌器官;十二指肠是凹耳蛙消化道中的主要吸收部位,同时也具有内分泌功能;消化道嗜银细胞具有内分泌的功能,还可能具有腔分泌的功能。     

极北鲵消化道嗜银细胞的胚后发生

为了探讨极北鲵(Salamandrella keyserlingii)消化道嗜银细胞胚后发生的形态学特征及分布规律,采用Grimelius银染法,对30～46期的极北鲵幼体进行了研究。结果显示,嗜银细胞在食管、胃、小肠各部分的发生时间不同。胃中的嗜银细胞在第41期出现,小肠中的在第42期出现,食管中的在第43期出现。嗜银细胞形态多样,有圆形、椭圆形、梭形和锥体形,大多分布在消化道黏膜上皮之间。根据嗜银细胞的形态判定其可能具有内分泌和外分泌两重功能。极北鲵胚后发育消化道各部位嗜银细胞出现顺序的不同可能与其消化生理活动及个体生理活动的变化相适应。     

花背蟾蜍消化道嗜银细胞形态和分布密度的增龄变化

目的比较幼体、亚成体和成体花背蟾蜍(Pseudepidalea raddei)消化道嗜银细胞的形态学特点和分布密度的增龄变化。方法取不同年龄组花背蟾蜍的食管、贲门、胃底、幽门、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和直肠等部位,用Grimelius银染法结合微波技术对各段的嗜银细胞进行染色。结果消化道嗜银细胞分为闭合型和开放型细胞两种类型,从食管至直肠的形态学特征无明显的增龄变化。幼蟾食管嗜银细胞的分布密度显著高于贲门和空肠;亚成体蟾和成蟾都在食管最高,直肠最低,但无显著的部位差异。成蟾和亚成体蟾贲门、胃底和空肠嗜银细胞的分布密度都显著高于幼蟾,成蟾回肠与亚成体蟾接近,但高于幼蟾,食管、幽门和直肠未见年龄差异。结论花背蟾蜍消化道嗜银细胞的形态学特征不随年龄而改变,但分布密度在贲门、胃底、空肠和回肠等部位表现出明显的增龄变化,这可能与食物的机械消化作用和吸收营养物质的能力随年龄而逐渐加强有关。     

中国黄羽鹌鹑消化道嗜银细胞胚后发育的分布及形态学观察

采用Grimelius银染法,对中国黄羽鹌鹑(Coturnix aponica)消化道嗜银细胞胚后发育的分布规律和形态结构进行了观察。结果显示,口腔、食管、嗉囊和泄殖腔中未发现嗜银细胞,其余部位均有不同数量的分布,其分布呈波浪形,大多数日龄段在腺胃和结直肠中存在2个分布高峰,回肠次之,十二指肠、空肠、盲肠较少,随着日龄增加,不同部位嗜银细胞数量均先增加,后减少,在100 d时达高峰。嗜银细胞主要分布在腺胃腺叶内细胞之间、肠黏膜上皮细胞之间及固有层内,形态多呈圆形、椭圆形、锥形及梭形等。结合嗜银细胞形态与功能间的联系,发现消化道内广泛分布着4种类型的嗜银细胞。我们认为中国黄羽鹌鹑消化道的嗜银细胞具有内分泌、外分泌及旁分泌3种功能,其分布特点可能与动物的食性及生活环境有关。     

商城肥鲵消化道的解剖学观察

该文首次报道了商城肥鲵消化道各部分的形态结构、长度及其组织学结构。结果表明,除口腔外,消化道管壁由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层构成,消化道各部分的差别主要在粘膜层和肌层食道粘膜为复层柱状上皮,食完纵肌层,胃、肠粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,胃、肠肌层由内环外纵两层平滑肌组成。粘膜上皮的皱褶程度、腺体分布情况、肌层的相对厚度等在消化道各部分也存在差异。     

Histochemical features of the Muscovy duck small intestine during development

We demonstrated for the first time the distribution and morphology of argyrophil and of goblet cells in the mucosa of the small intestine of the Muscovy duck during development using the Grimelius silver staining and alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB/PAS) staining technique. The argyrophil cells distribution was variable over the length of the small intestine from embryonic day 24 (24E) to post-hatching day 13 (13d). In the villi most argyrophil cells belonged to the open-type, while in the crypts they belonged to the closed-type. In the duodenum the density of argyrophil cells was highest at hatching, while in the jejunum and in the ileum the highest density value was at hatching and 13d. AB/PAS-positive goblet cells appeared on the villi and crypts of the duodenum and jejunum at 30E, and in the ileum at hatching. The density of AB/PAS-positive cells was the highest in the three segments at hatching. The AB-positive cells, compared with the PAS-positive cells, predominated in villi and crypts of the three segments, moreover the rate of AB-positive cells to PAS-positive cells significantly decreased from 30E to 9d. An increase in argyrophil and goblet cells number during the later incubation and at hatching, could indicate the small intestine in that period is being prepared to face a new diet.     

泽陆蛙消化道组织学观察

采用解剖学和组织学的方法对泽陆蛙消化道各部分的形态和组织学结构进行了观察。泽陆蛙的消化道分为口腔、咽、食道、胃、十二指肠、回肠和大肠。各管壁都由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜组成。食道黏膜层有皱褶和纤毛,无杯状细胞;胃黏膜层有杯状细胞和胃腺,黏膜下层有血管分布;小肠具绒毛、杯状细胞和肠腺,大肠皱褶少,杯状细胞也少。     

黄喉拟水龟消化道的组织学观察

观察黄喉拟水龟消化道的组织结构.采用常规石蜡切片和HE染色方法对黄喉拟水龟的消化道进行观察.除了口咽腔以外,消化道的管壁是由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌肉层和外膜组成;各部分的主要区别在于粘膜层,食道和大肠的是复层柱状上皮,胃和小肠的是单层柱状上皮.黄喉拟水龟的舌桔红色,不能伸缩;食管中无食管腺,扩张性强;胃呈囊状,有大量胃腺,腔面皱襞较多;小肠较长,是消化的主要场所,表面有大量的绒毛,在绒毛中可见肠腺;大肠无绒毛,也存在皱襞.     

黑麂肝、小肠和大肠的组织学结构及Ghrelin的分布

研究了成年雌性黑麂(Muntiacus crinifrons)的肝、小肠和大肠的组织学结构及Ghrelin的分布。采用H.E染色法观察组织学结构,免疫组化PV-9000两步法并结合DAB显色技术确定Ghrelin的分布。结果表明,黑麂的肝组织分为被膜、肝小叶、肝中央静脉、门管区等结构。被膜为浆膜结构,肝小叶不明显。肝细胞以中央静脉为中心,呈放射状排列。肝血窦的形状不规则。肠黏膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,小肠、盲肠和结肠的黏膜肌层很薄,管壁皱襞与肠绒毛等形态在消化道各部也存在差异。免疫组化结果显示肝细胞中有Ghrelin阳性细胞的表达;在肠道,免疫阳性细胞在十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和直肠的黏膜、黏膜下层和肌层均有分布,尤其在肠绒毛上皮和黏膜下层分布较多。黑麂肝、小肠和大肠结构与哺乳动物基本相似,但无十二指肠腺;Ghrelin阳性细胞在肝、小肠和大肠均有分布,这表明Ghrelin可能对消化有一定的调节作用。     

中华稻蝗消化道内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位

采用整块组织Grimelius银染法和过氧化物酶标记的链霉亲和素免疫组织化学技术,结合生物统计学分析,对中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis消化道内分泌细胞进行鉴别与定位。结果表明：嗜银细胞分布于中华稻蝗的胃盲囊、中肠和后肠各段,以中肠和直肠中最多（P<0.05）, 前肠中未见分布。免疫组织化学法检测出了五羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT）、 胃泌素（gastrin, Gas）、 胰高血糖素（glucagon, Glu）和胰多肽（pancreatic polypeptide, PP）细胞, 未检出生长抑素（somatostatin, SS）细胞。免疫阳性细胞分布于中肠和后肠中, 前肠中未见分布。5-HT细胞和Gas细胞均主要分布于胃盲囊、中肠及直肠中,且均以直肠中最多（P<0.05）。Glu细胞在胃盲囊及整个中、后肠均有分布, 在中肠和直肠中最多（P<0.05）。PP细胞主要分布于中肠、回肠和直肠中,中肠中分布密度最大（P<0.05）。本研究显示中华稻蝗消化道中存在多种内分泌细胞,它们的分布情况与其他节肢动物相比存在一定的共性,也有其一定的特异性,可能与中华稻蝗特定的消化道结构和消化生理功能有关。     

The distribution of endocrine cells along the mouse intestine: A quantitative immunocytochemical study

The topographical distribution of endocrine cells in the crypt and villus epithelium along the length of the mouse intestine was studied. Argyrophil reactivity using the Grimelius stain was used to estimate the total endocrine population of the intestine. Comparisons were then made with the fraction of endocrine cells containing glucagon like material, stained immunocytochemically using rabbit anti-glucagon antisera. A highly significant reduction in the incidence of endocrine cells (argyrophil reactive) from the proximal to distal end of the intestine was noted. However, only 10-30% of these cells contained glucagon like material in the crypts of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, compared to 30–60% in the crypts of the colon and rectum. The distribution of endocrine cells (argyrophil reactive) was maximal in the lower regions of the proliferative zone of the crypts but showed no significant variation along the length of the villi. Cells containing glucagon like material were also most frequent in the lower regions of the proliferative zone of the crypts, but were not generally found above the botom third of the villi. Each crypt in the small intestine contains between 3 and 5 endocrine cells one of which contained glucagon like immunoreactive material. In the colon and rectum each crypt contains about 6-8 endocrine cells, of which 3–4 contained glucagon like immunoreactive material. These results indicate that a sub-set of cells containing glucagon like material, differentiate early in the lineage of endocrine cells within the proliferative zone of the intestinal crypts.     

Histological structure of the digestive tract,liver, and pancreas of Ambassis nalua (Hamilton, 1822) with ultrastructural details of the gastric gland

The scalloped perchlet Ambassis nalua is one of the dominant fishes in the Estuarine Pranburi River, Thailand. It is suggested that this fish is in the secondary trophic level with a carnivorous nature. Studies on digestive system will help us further identify the niche of this species in the food web/food chain. The present study therefore aimed to report the detailed structure and ultrastructure of A. nalua digestive system. Fish samples (n = 30) with a total length of 5.7 ± 0.5 cm were obtained using beach seines from the Estuarine Pranburi River. Their digestive tract length and intestine coeficient were 3.6 ± 0.07 cm and 0.91, respectively. Light microscopic observation showed that the digestive wall comprised four layers, namely mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The prominent mucous-secreting cells were found in the mucosal oesophagus. The stomach had many gastric folds, with height and width being 649.76 ± 85.15 and 370.30 ± 68.56 μm, respectively. Gastric glands were found in the anterior stomach but not in the posterior stomach. Each gastric gland was made up of a single type of columnar cells. The gastric cells were ultrastructurally characterized by numerous mitochondria and well-developed secretory granules of varying sizes. A few small vacuoles were also identified in the apical area of the gastric cells. The intestine had two regions (anterior and posterior intestines), and pyloric caecum was absent. The density of the goblet cell was significantly higher in the posterior intestine. These results provide basic knowledge of the digestive system of A. nalua, and the low intestine coefficient and the absence of pyloric caecum suggest the carnivorous feeding habit of this species.     

The distribution of endocrine cells along the mouse intestine: a quantitative immunocytochemical study

The topographical distribution of endocrine cells in the crypt and villus epithelium along the length of the mouse intestine was studied. Argyrophil reactivity using the Grimelius stain was used to estimate the total endocrine population of the intestine. Comparisons were then made with the fraction of endocrine cells containing glucagon like material, stained immunocytochemically using rabbit anti-glucagon antisera. A highly significant reduction in the incidence of endocrine cells (argyrophil reactive) from the proximal to distal end of the intestine was noted. However, only 10-30% of these cells contained glucagon like material in the crypts of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, compared to 30-60% in the crypts of the colon and rectum. The distribution of endocrine cells (argyrophil reactive) was maximal in the lower regions of the proliferative zone of the crypts but showed no significant variation along the length of the villi. Cells containing glucagon like material were also most frequent in the lower regions of the proliferative zone of the crypts, but were not generally found above the bottom third of the villi. Each crypt in the small intestine contains between 3 and 5 endocrine cells one of which contained glucagon like immunoreactive material. In the colon and rectum each crypt contains about 6-8 endocrine cells, of which 3-4 contained glucagon like immunoreactive material. These results indicate that a sub-set of cells containing glucagon like material, differentiate early in the lineage of endocrine cells within the proliferative zone of the intestinal crypts.     

Anatomy and histology of the gastrointestinal tract of the neo-tropical opossum (Didelphis marsupialis insularis,Allen 1902)

The morphology of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) is a strong indicator of the dietary habits of a species. The goal of this study was to describe the gross and microanatomy of the digestive tract of the neo-tropical opossum (Didelphis marsupialis insularis) and relate them to the animals’ food habits. GI tracts from 12 adult animals were used for this study. Results found the small intestine made up 65.9% of the GI tract, and the stomach was simple with a prominent caecum. Histologically, the oesophageal mucosa was non-keratinized and glands were found throughout the oesophagus. The large intestine showed a great number of goblet cells, the jejunum possessed well-developed villi, and Peyer's patches were absent in the ileum. The absence of keratinization of the epithelial lining of the oesophagus and stomach and a high lymphocytic infiltration throughout the small and large intestine reflected a more carnivorous diet, whereas the presence of a well-developed caecum in the large intestine indicated the ability to digest plant matter. Overall, the morphology of GI tract of D. m. insularis displayed both carnivorous and herbivorous features, allowing us to conclude that it is an omnivorous animal.