改革微生物学实验教学,激发学生创新潜力

培养创新型人才是"双一流"的重要建设任务,微生物学实验作为生物学科的重要基础课程,对学生实践能力和综合素质的提高,培养学生的创新意识和科研精神起着至关重要的作用。通过理清微生物学实验项目间内在联系,优化实验方案,构建细菌分离鉴定综合实验,改革微生物学实验教学体系;同时,引入新媒体教学,改革考评方式,以注重培养学生的学习兴趣、自主学习能力、创新思维和综合能力。     

注重学生创新能力培养的微生物学教学改革

探索和实践了注重学生创新能力培养的微生物学教学改革。在优化理论教学内容,构建与学科发展相适应的新的微生物学知识体系基础上,对教学方法进行了改革。注重启发式教学,通过有针对性的微生物学问题的引导来启发学生的思考和学习兴趣,注重理论与实践相结合的教学方法,并通过开展综合设计性实验来培养学生的实践能力和创新能力。改革了考核办法,加强了对平时学习和实践环节的重视,更加有效地培养学生的能力和综合素质,从而提高了教学质量。     

医学微生物学实验教学改革的探索与实践

以麻醉学专业学生为研究对象,进行了传统实验教学与新实验教学模式的对比研究。新实验教学模式围绕如何在实验教学中培养学生的创新能力,从实验教学计划、教学内容、教学方法和手段、实验考核方法进行了改革和探索,增设了综合性与探索设计性实验,研制了实验多媒体课件。结果显示新实验教学模式有利于培养学生的动手能力、科研思维、创新能力以及综合分析能力,教学效果优于传统实验教学。创建了适合于培养麻醉学专业的医学微生物学实验教学体系。     

创建多层次微生物学实验教学体系培养科研创新型人才

"微生物学"课程是高等教育生命科学教学中一门重要的基础课程。微生物学实验作为独立于微生物学理论课的基础实验课,对学生基本实验技能的培养和综合素质的提高,培养学生探索精神、创新意识和创新能力方面起着至关重要的作用。南开大学微生物学教学实验室依托"微生物学"国家重点学科、"教育部分子微生物学重点实验室"和"国家级生物实验教学示范中心",建立了多级别分层次的微生物学实验教学体系;确立了由基础性实验、综合性实验、创新性实验相结合的实验内容;同时充分利用本校教学科研资源优势,为学生搭建了多级别的科研创新训练实践平台,着重培养学生的科研素质、创新意识和创新能力,在微生物学科研创新型人才的培养中发挥了重要的作用。     

微生物学创新实验教学体系的构建与实践

培养学生的创新能力与实践能力是现代大学教育的共同教育理念。根据多年来微生物学实验教学的改革与实践,对实验内容进行了精心的调整、完善和更新,按"基本技能训练、综合能力培养、研究素质及创新意识培育"的基本宗旨,构建了从"综合实验—探究性自选实验—项目申报"的微生物创新实验教学体系,使实验教学遵循基础性、综合性、研究性、开放性的基本原则,有效提高学生的微生物学实验技能。     

基于创新能力培养的“微生物学”研究型教学模式探索

微生物学是生命科学的重要组成部分。随着科学技术的飞速发展,微生物学教学内容和教学方法都需要不断革新,以满足高素质人才培养的需求。华中农业大学在微生物学教学过程中积极开展基于创新能力培养的教学改革实践,课堂上通过推崇学科名人,弘扬科学精神;关注社会焦点,激发学习兴趣;引入学科前沿,培养创新意识等积极引导学生学习微生物学相关知识。通过翻转课堂、对分课堂,借助"微助教"微信公众平台等改变传统的教学模式与师生互动的方式,突破学生学习的时空局限,加强师生交流。依托农业微生物学国家重点实验室等高水平的科研平台,鼓励学生进入实验室运用微生物学知识开展科研实践,引导学生参加各类竞赛,实现理论知识学习向实践创新能力的转化。总之,学生不仅能够在"微生物学"课堂上牢固地掌握微生物学知识,创新思维也得到锻炼,创新能力显著增强。     

结合学科建设的应用型本科院校的微生物学实验教学改革

微生物学实验作为生物学科的重要基础课程,在创新人才培养和素质教育中起着重要作用。提高学生的创新实践能力,培养服务区域经济的创新型应用人才是地方应用型本科高校的办学目标。结合长治学院的学科建设,探讨了普通地方本科院校应用型人才培养中,微生物学实验教学模式的新思路,建立了由基础性实验和综合设计性实验相结合的实验内容,开放学科实验室为学生搭建科研创新实践平台,借助微信平台实现"线上"与"线下"的互动交流学习,构建了科学考核评价体系。改革后的新型教学模式能够切实提高教学质量,对学生的能力培养和综合素质提升起到积极促进作用。     

“教-赛-训-赛-改”模式促进本科实验教学持续改进的探索与实践

加强实验实践教育力度,提高大学生创新创业能力,是一流本科人才培养的重要内容.为有效促进实验教学改革和本科生创新能力培养,本团队紧扣“教-赛-训-赛-改”五个环节,以校内“生物化学与分子生物学实验技能竞赛”来检验实验教学效果.选拔科研素质较高的一批本科生参加为期至少一年的科研训练,优秀的学生团队推荐参加全国性高水平竞赛....     

工科院校微生物学实验教学改革与实践

传统的微生物学实验教学方法和内容存在着许多不足。因此, 我们从实验教学内容、教学模式和实验考核方法等方面进行了改革和探索, 将微生物学实验单独设课, 并增设了微生物学综合实验。结果显示新的实验教学模式更有利于培养学生的动手能力、创新能力以及综合能力, 其教学效果大大提高。     

工科院校微生物学实验教学改革与实践

传统的微生物学实验教学方法和内容存在着许多不足.因此,我们从实验教学内容、教学模式和实验考核方法等方面进行了改革和探索,将微生物学实验单独设课,并增设了微生物学综合实验.结果显示新的实验教学模式更有利于培养学生的动手能力、创新能力以及综合能力,其教学效果大大提高.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.