我国首次截获有害生物小楔双棘长蠹

江门海关从冈比亚进境的刺猬紫檀木原木中检出活体长蠹科昆虫.通过显微形态特征的观察和测量,对该虫进行了物种鉴定.经形态特征鉴定,该虫为小楔双棘长蠹.该虫的形态特征与近似种的主要区别:斜面毛被稀疏、不太明显,近缝角处竖立短直;缝侧齿基部不粗糙;斜面侧上缘有3对胝状的痕迹显现.该虫在我国尚无分布记录,为国内口岸首次截获.该虫...     

双棘长蠹属的检疫鉴定

长期以来,双棘长蠹的英文和中文资料不但收录的种类少,而且与莱纳的权威著述在有些形态描述上不一致。本文根据莱纳的法文原著,将双棘长蠹属害虫的主要形态特征和38种的检索表结合特征图编译如下,供口岸检疫鉴定和国内林木害虫调查时作参考。     

瘤长蠹属一新种(鞘翅目,长蠹科)

Pertyl832报道,将瘤长蠹属Dysides定为新属,只有暗瘤长蠹Dysides obscurus一种,Lesne(1921)将成虫背面观可见头部的Dysides和Apoleon属列入长蠹科Bostrichidae内,建立瘤长蠹亚科Dysidinae。本文介绍l新种尖瘤长蠹郎Dysides spineus sp．nov．的形态特征及列出该属2种的检索表。属的特征其中触角10节,末节长条形,前胸背板顶后有4颗大瘤突横向排列,其中两侧瘤较大(上述论文末提及)。     

在非洲进口木材中截获的长蠹科害虫的分类

报道了近年来从非洲进口木材检疫中截获的长蠹科 1 4种害虫 ,并分别对细齿叉尾长蠹Xylionadustus、多齿叉尾长蠹X .plurispinis、毛额奸狡长蠹Apatefemoralis、大角胸长蠹Bostrychoplitesmegaceros、长缘缝棘长蠹Xyloperthodesdiscedens、三胝双棘长蠹Sinoxylonsenegalense、红角双棘长蠹S .ruficorne、褐斑木长蠹Xylodectesornatus、多毛碎木长蠹Xyloperthacrinitarsis、棕异翅长蠹Heterobostrychusbrunneus等重要长蠹成虫的主要形态特征进行了描述 ,编制了分种检索表。     

双齿长蠹—中国新记录

长蠹类昆虫,在国内报导较多的只有竹长蠹Dinoderus minutus Fabr.及谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica Fabr. 昆明地区常见一种为害边材和幼树的长蠹,过去称为“边材小蠹”,学名未定。最近我们鉴定为双齿长蠹Sinoxylon japonicum Lesne,属长蠹科Bostrichidae长蠹亚科Bostrichinae。 成虫体长4.0～4.5毫米,宽1.8～2.2毫米,黑色;头及前胸背板黑色;触角、上唇,两须、翅鞘及跗节棕褐色。前胸背板帽状,覆盖头部,其上密生微细颗粒,以前端两侧者较大而显著。渐至中部和后方则渐小,成为小的密集点刻;前胸背板上密生灰白色微毛。触角10节。端部3节向内侧延伸成叶状。鞘翅全面具细点刻,饰以灰色纤毛;鞘翅后端急剧倾斜成为75°～80°的角度,两个鞘翅的倾斜部分合而为圆形,其上各     

长蠹科几种检疫性害虫的ND4基因序列及系统进化

长蠹科昆虫严重危害林木和仓贮物品。应用非损伤性DNA测序技术测定了来自不同国家的长蠹科害虫的线粒体DNA ND4 基因的部分序列。在获得的204 bp的序列中,5种昆虫的序列变异丰富,多数变异发生在密码子的第3位点上。用PAUP3.1.1数据分析软件构建了5个种的合意简约树。并将实验结果与形态学特征比较分析,探讨5个种及所在属的系统进化。结果表明：双钩异翅长蠹所在的异翅长蠹属分化最早,其次是竹大长蠹所在的大长蠹属、双棘长蠹和黑双棘长蠹所在的双棘长蠹属及红艳长蠹所在的钻木长蠹属。双棘长蠹和黑双棘长蠹隶属同一个属,遗传关系最近,分化最晚,与形态学研究结果相吻合。     

番禺口岸从进境原木中截获的长蠹科害虫

本文用图文描述了番禺口岸近3年来从进口原木中截获的8种长蠹科害虫,包括电缆斜坡长蠹Xylopsocus capucinus(Fabricius)、黄足长棒长蠹Xylothrips flavipes(Illiger)、竹蠹Dinoderus minutus(Fabricius)、三胝双棘长蠹Sinoxylon senegalense Karsch、双棘长蠹Sinoxylon anale Lesne、双钩异翅长蠹Heterobostrychus aequalis(Waterhouse)、大竹蠹Bostrychopsis parallela(Lesne)和红艳长蠹Xylothrips religiosus(Boisduval)等重要长蠹成虫的主要形态特征,并编制了分种检索表.     

基于Maxent和GARP模型的日本双棘长蠹在中国的潜在地理分布分析

【目的】日本双棘长蠹Sinoxylon japonicum是一种重要的林木蛀干害虫。该虫自1981年首次报道于云南昆明以来,先后在中国的10多个省市被发现。近年来该害虫在北京、天津和河北等地对国槐Sophora japonica的危害日趋严重。【方法】在本研究中,作者按时间顺序梳理了日本双棘长蠹在中国的分布记录,根据日本双棘长蠹已有分布记录及其主要寄主植物国槐在我国的种植区域采用了Maxent和GARP两种生态位模型对日本双棘长蠹的潜在地理分布进行分析。【结果】日本双棘长蠹在中国南方地区呈零星分布,而在中国北方地区较为集中。分布记录的报道时间呈现出由南向北和自东向西的局势,推测这种分布格局是由于其寄主植物所导致的：中国北方地区危害严重可能与国槐在中国北方的集中种植有关,寄主树苗在不同地区间的调运是其种群扩散主要原因。基于生态位模拟的结果显示日本双棘长蠹在中国具有较大的适宜生态空间,潜在地理分布范围较广,从北到南其适生区主要有：辽宁西部、北京、天津、宁夏、河北、山西南部、山东、陕西、江苏、安徽、湖北、重庆、浙江、江西、湖南以及四川和贵州西北部。【结论】这些地区间的树苗转运需要做好检验检疫工作,以防止日本双棘长蠹的扩散。     

中国长蠹科分类概况及最新名录

长蠹科Bostrichidae昆虫英文俗称为Powder-post beetles,是一类常见的钻蛀性害虫,其成虫和幼虫都具有钻蛀产生粉末的习性,可依靠木材、竹材、贮粮的运输传播,多数种类被列为检疫对象,具有重要的经济意义。国内对于长蠹科的分类研究已有不少工作,但目前种类数量不清,且存在异名及部分种类名称混乱等情况。本文对长蠹科分类系统进行了整理,梳理了中国长蠹科分类学研究历史,并对长蠹科分类研究的发展方向进行了展望;通过国内馆藏标本的检视与查阅文献,对中国已知的长蠹科昆虫做了系统的名录整理,记录长蠹科8亚科37属92种,并拟定了部分种的中文名称,给出了中国已知属检索表。     

进口竹藤中竹长蠹五近似种的鉴别(鞘翅目:长蠹科)

介绍了近年从进口竹藤检疫中多次截获的5种竹长蠹:双窝竹长蠹 Dinoderus bifoveolatus (Wollaston)、小竹长蠹D. brevis Horn、日本竹长蠹D. japonicus Lesne、竹长蠹D. minutus Fabricius及小点竹长蠹D. ocellari Stephens,分别介绍了头、前胸背板、鞘翅、腹面及足的主要鉴别特征,并编制了这5个近似种的检索表.     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Host plants of someRhinanthoideae (Scrophulariaceae) of eastern North America

Twenty three species in 11 genera were examined in the field to determine hosts. OnlyStriga asiatica andSeymeria cassioides have a narrow host range being restricted to grasses and pines, respectively. These are the only species which cause pronounced and sometimes serious host damage. The other species attach to a great diversity of hosts.     

Analysis of twin of eyeless regulation during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

The Drosophila Pax6 homolog twin of eyeless (toy) is so far the first zygotically expressed gene involved in eye morphogenesis in Drosophila. The study of its expression during embryogenesis is therefore informative of the initial events of eye development in Drosophila. We have analyzed how the initial expression domain of toy at cellular blastoderm is regulated. We show that the three maternal patterning systems active in the cephalic region (the anterior, terminal and dorsal-ventral systems) cooperate with zygotically activated gap genes to shape the initial expression domain of toy. Whereas Bicoid, Dorsal and Torso signaling synergistically act as activators, Hunchback, Knirps and Decapentaplegic act as repressors.     

Apoptotic Regulation of Caspase Activity

Intracellular cysteine aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) play both signaling and effector roles in realizing the program of cell death. Caspases function as proteolytic cascades unique for each cell type and signal triggering apoptosis. All parts of the proteolytic cascades are duplicated and controlled by feedback signals. Amplification cycles between pairs of caspases (the third and the sixth, the ninth and the third, the twelfth and the sixth, and others) help multiply the initial apoptotic signal. The presence of physiological inhibitors of apoptosis that directly interact with caspases creates a multilevel regulatory network of apoptosis in cell. The caspase proteolytic cascades are also regulated by sphingolipid secondary messengers, among them ceramide, sphingosine, and their phosphates. Moreover, an association of the caspase signaling with ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is shown in cells. In particular, the use of extracellular activators and inhibitors of caspases allows irreversible activation of apoptosis in tumor cells or the prevention of apoptosis in cortical neurons under neurodegenerative diseases.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae III

Sixteen new species are proposed in the generaAckermania, Dressleria, Epidendrum, Maxillaria, Oncidium, Rodriguezia, Sigmatostalix, andTrigonidium. All new species are illustrated.Maxillaria vittariifolia L. O. Williams is newly recorded for Peru. A key is provided forTrigonidium of Peru.Trigonidium loretoense Schltr. andT. peruvianum Schltr. are lectotypified.     

Interaction of Synthetic Analogues of Natural Chalcones and Flavones with Guanidine

The reaction of chalcones and flavones with guanidine in ethanol results in 2-(2-aminopyrimidinyl-4)-phenols.