盾叶薯蓣组织培养技术的优化

以盾叶薯蓣的根状茎、茎段、叶柄、幼叶为材料,进行愈伤组织诱导、分化及再生植株形成的研究。结果表明：盾叶薯蓣不同外植体均能诱导出愈伤组织,其中茎段愈伤组织的诱导率最高;不同激素配比的培养基对愈伤组织的形成有很大的影响：以LS为基本培养基,2,4-D浓度为4．0mg／L、6-BA浓度为1．0mg／L的激素配比诱导率最高,达62．5％;以改良MS为基本培养基,2,4-D浓度为2．0mg／L、6-BA浓度为0．5mg／L的激素配比诱导率最高,达71．4％。筛选到优化的分化培养基为改良MS附加2．0mg／L的6-BA和0．5mg／L的Vc,且能直接诱导出根,并形成完整植株。     

盾叶薯蓣花药培养及单倍体植株的获得

以处于单核期的盾叶薯蓣花药为材料,经愈伤组织途径成功获得单倍体盾叶薯蓣新材料。对盾叶薯蓣花药培养、植株再生过程的研究表明:来自不同居群的外植体对花药愈伤组织诱导有显著影响;W14是适合花药愈伤组织诱导的基本培养基;花药愈伤组织增殖和分化的适宜培养基为:MS基本培养基 BA2.0mg/L IAA0.2mg/L;生根培养基为添加了IBA2.0mg/L、NAA0.4mg/L和0.5g/L活性碳的MS培养基。以流式细胞仪和根尖染色体压片法检查花培植株的结果表明,有8%～12%的个体为单倍体。实验结果为进一步开展单倍体育种及相关理论研究提供了材料和技术基础。     

明日叶叶片的丛生芽诱导和植株高频再生

明日叶（Angelicake＆keiKoidzumi）是伞形花科当归属植物,具有很高的药用价值。为解决生产上短时间快速获得大量明日叶种苗的相关技术,以明日叶叶片为外植体进行组织培养实验,直接诱导产生丛生芽并且得到再生植株,建立了明日叶叶片离体再生快速繁殖体系。结果表明,诱导丛生芽分化的最适培养基是Ms＋1．0mg·L-1,2,4-D＋0．2mg·L～6-BA,诱导率可高达100％;诱导生根的最适培养基是Ms＋1．0mg·L-1NAA,诱导率可达90％,将生长良好的再生植株进行移栽,存活率可达86％。     

香蕉草叶柄离体培养与快速繁殖(简报)

以香蕉草叶柄为外植体进行离体培养及快速繁殖条件研究。结果表明,叶柄外植体在培养基MS＋6-BA 2．0mg／L＋NAA 0．3mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L＋卡拉胶7g／L上诱导形成愈伤组织后,转入分化培养基MS＋KT 1．0mg/L＋NAA0．2mg/L可诱导不定芽分化;不定芽转入增殖培养基MS＋6-BA 1.0mg/L＋NAA 0．5mg／L可旺盛增殖,增殖系数4．5。不定根分化培养基为MS＋IBA 0．2mg／L＋NAA 0．05mg／L,生根苗在水族箱移栽成活率达98％。     

啤酒花节间外植体再生体系的建立

在国内首次建立了两个啤酒花主栽品种（麒麟丰禄,青岛大花）的节间外植体再生体系。实验表明：啤酒花无菌苗的节间为适于不定芽再生韵外植体;适宜的再生培养基为Ms基本培养基＋B5维生素＋葡萄糖20g／L,附加IAA0．25mg／L＋TDZ2mg／L（麒麟丰禄）或IAA0．125mg／L＋TDZ1．5mg／L（青岛大花）,以7g／L琼脂固化,pH5．8;不定芽再生频率可达57％（麒麟丰禄）或16％（青岛大花）。啤酒花再生体系的建立,为利用植物基因工程技术培育抗病虫害啤酒花新品系奠定了基础。     

火龙果愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

为了建立火龙果愈伤组织诱导与植株再生体系,以火龙果茎段、幼苗和子叶为外植体进行离体培养试验。结果表明：茎段诱导愈伤组织的最优培养基为1／2MS＋2,4-D2．0mg·L^-1＋6-BAO．5mg·L^-1,诱导子叶愈伤组织的最适培养基是1／2MS＋2,4-D2．0mg·L^-1＋6-BA1．0mg·L^-1,诱导愈伤组织分化的最优培养基为1／2MS＋6-BA4．0mg·L^-1＋NAA0．5mg·L^-1,最佳生根培养基为1／2MS＋6．BA1mg·L^-1＋NAA0-3mg·L^-1。     

风信子花被外植体年龄对花器官分化的影响

离体培养风信子(Hyacinthus orientalis L．)不同年龄的花被外植体诱导花器官直接再生的实验表明;1．在MS附加6-BA 2 mg／L,2,4-D 0.1 mg／L的培养基上,年龄V的外植体大量衰老,基本丧失器官再生能力,处于年龄段Ⅱ～Ⅳ的外植体可发生玻璃化反应。2．玻璃化反应的外植体转移至MS附加6-BA 0.2 mg／L、NAA 0.005 mg／L的培养基上继续培养30 d后可再生正常的花被片,表明降低培养基中外源激素浓度能够阻止玻璃化反应继续发生。3．在MS附加6-BA 2 mg／L．2,4-D 0.1 mg／L的培养基上,外植体形态学下部可再生雌蕊状早期结构。平均每块外植体分化雌蕊状早期结构数以年龄Ⅲ的外植体最多。     

沙棘组织培养技术的研究

本试验选用中国沙棘的种子和休眠枝条作为材料,研究沙棘不同外植体的离体培养技术,试验结果表明,沙棘的无菌苗子与休眠枝条上的休眠芽都可以作为离体培养的良好外植体,沙棘的最适分化培养基是：1／4MS＋6－BA0．30mg/L NAA0．002mg/L,增殖,壮芽培养基是：1／4 MS＋6－BA 0．1mg/L NAA 0.004mg/L;最适生根培养基是：1／4MS＋NAA0.05mg/L iBA 0.2mg/L;愈伤组织诱导培养基是：1／4MS＋2,4－D 0．3mg/L。     

高效诱导甜菜再生植株的研究

研究了栽培甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)4倍体品系405叶柄外植体的离体培养。成功地建立了一套高频率诱导再生芽的程序。外植体取自生长在改良MS(MSB)附加BA和NAA或者单加BA的培养基中。经过30d以上预培养后的幼苗叶柄,在MS附加BA 1．0mg／L或NAA0．3mg／L,Bal．0mg／L培养基上直接诱导再生芽,并发育成苗．诱导频率最高可达51．3％。在1／2MS(MS培养基大量元素减半)附加NAA0．5～1．0mg／L的培养基上诱导生根．这一程序为甜菜扩大繁殖和遗传转化提供了一个良好的试验系统。     

盾叶薯蓣类原球茎的离体诱导及快繁体系的建立

为解决盾叶薯蓣离体培养中试管苗移栽困难的难题,以盾叶薯蓣带腋芽的茎段为外植体,借助正交试验设计方法,离体诱导出类原球茎并建立了类原球茎微繁殖技术体系。结果表明:以带腋芽茎段为外植体诱导致密愈伤组织的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.4mg/L+KT0.6mg/L+蔗糖3%;类原球茎诱导和增殖培养基为:MS+6-BA4.0mg/L+KT1.0mg/L+蔗糖6%;类原球茎生根培养基:1/2MS+NAA 0.3mg/L+IAA 0.8mg/L+活性炭0.3%+蔗糖1.5%。经该途径诱导得到的生根类原球茎植株经炼苗后移栽的成活率可达到90%以上。     

黄瓜离体子叶切块培养直接分化花芽

４８小时龄黄瓜幼苗的子叶切块接种于附加２．０ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ及１．０ｍｇ／ＬＡｇＮＯ３的修改ＭＳ培养基上,培养约６０天后在子叶切块的近轴端可直接形成雄花芽,其频率达７．７％。     

小麦外稃和内稃愈伤组织直接再生小穗和雌蕊状结构的研究

以小麦稃片为外植体,在MS附加不同外源激素的培养基上,成功地从愈伤组织上直接诱导了小穗和雌蕊状结构的再生。实验表明,附加2,4-D 2mg/L和6-BAP 0.1mg/L有利于外植体形成愈伤组织;附加2,4-D 1.0mg/L和6-BAP 2mg/L有利于外稃和内稃愈伤组织直接再生小穗;附加2,4-D 0.01mg/L和6-BAP 1.0mg/L有利于内稃愈伤组织直接再生雌蕊状结构。本文还观察了小穗和雌蕊状结构再生过程的形态学变化,并对诱导花芽和性器官再生的某些要点进行了讨论。     

Role of Exogenous Hormones in Inducing Cells in different Positions of Perianth Explants to Regenerate Flower Buds in Hyacinthus orientalis

Role of the exogenous hormone in inducing different position cells of perianth explants of hyacinth to regenerate flower buds was studied. Experiments showed that (1) Exogenous hormones are necessary for inducing cells of the perianth explant to regenerate the flower buds; (2) Only cytokinine alone could induce the regeneration of the flower buds, the auxin was not necessary; (3) Exogenous hormones in different concentrations could induce cells in the different parts of the perianth explants to differentiate the flower buds: 6-BAP or zeatin 2 mg/L alone could induce cells located at the lower part of the perianth to differentiate flower buds. Combination of 6-BAP or zeatin 2 mg/L and 2, 4-D 0.1 mg/L was advantageous to cells located middle part of the perianth to regenerate the flower buds. Combination of 6-BAP or zeatin 2 mg/L and 2, 4-D 1.0 mg/L could promote cells located at the upper part of the perianth to differentiate flower buds.     

外源激素在诱导风信子花被外植体不同部位细胞再生花芽中的作用

外源激素诱导风信子（Ｈｙａｃｉｎｔｈｕｓ ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓＬ．）同一发育时期花被外植体不同部位细胞再生花芽的实验表明∶１． 诱导花被外植体细胞再生花芽,外源激素是必需的;２． 仅有细胞分裂素就可以诱导花芽再生,生长素并不是必需的;３． 花被外植体上的不同部位的细胞再生花芽时,需要不同浓度的外源激素． 单独加６－ＢＡＰ或玉米素２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ可以诱导花被下部的细胞再生花芽;６－ＢＡＰ或玉米素２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和２,４－Ｄ ０．１ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的组合有利于花被中部的细胞再生花芽;６－ＢＡＰ或玉米素２ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和２,４－Ｄ １．０ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ的组合能促进花被上部的细胞分化花芽     

药用植物金荞麦愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

目前转基因技术已成为植物定向遗传改良的重要手段,而建立稳定高频的离体再生系统是实现遗传转化的基础和前提.本试验以25 ～30 d苗龄的金养麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys)无菌苗叶片、茎节间、叶柄为外植体进行愈伤组织诱导与植株再生研究.结果表明:叶片在MS +2,4-D 4.0 mg/L +6-BA 1.0 mg/L培养基上愈伤组织诱导率达到89％.茎节间在MS +2,4-D 2.0 mg/L +6-BA 2.0 mg/L培养基上愈伤组织诱导率为87％.叶柄在MS +2,4-D 4.0 mg/L +6-BA 2.0 mg/L+ IBA 0.2 mg/L培养基上的最高诱导率仅为54％.愈伤组织分化不定芽的适宜培养基为MS +6- BA2.0 mg/L +TDZ0.2 mg/L +NAA0.2 mg/L;金荞麦不定芽在1/2 MS +NAA 0.5 mg/L的培养基上生根效果最好.组培再生植株经炼苗后移栽到田间成活率达80％以上,且生长表现正常.高频完整再生体系的建立,为金荞麦进一步遗传操作和扩大药材资源奠定了基础.     

Direct differentiation of ears and tassels from cultured shoot apices of maize

In vitro morphogenesis of inflorescences from the cultured corn seedling shoot tips was obtained on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium in complete darkness. Some shoot tip meristems excised from seedlings of inbred line 515, inbred line 8112 and their filial generations would directly give rise to florets on modified MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L N6-bezyladenine (6-BA) in five or six weeks. On the medium with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0. 2 mg/L 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), the explants swelled first, and produced multiple shoot clumps, then the culture of the shoot tips from all of the six inbred lines in experiment would ultimately initiate to develop ears and tassels accompanied by multiple shoot clumps developing on the medium with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0. 2 mg/Lin-dole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The developmental patterns of the corn inflorescences were similar to the controls of normal plants in the field, but the number of the ears was much more than that of the tassels in vitro. It seem     

A Preliminary Study on Direct Regeneration of Flower Buds from Peduncle Calli in Dracaena fragrans cv. massangeana

Flower buds were directly regenerated from calli in vitro in the woody plant Dracaena fragrans cv. massangeana Hort. On modified MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 1.0 mg/L IBA, two kinds of calli, A and B, were formed from the peduncle explants cultured for 5 months. Calli A were loose and on their surface there were many irregular granule-like structures (GLC); Calli B were compact and had bigger tumor-like structures (TLC) on their surface. When the GLC and TLC were transferred onto the medium respectively with 0.4 mg/L 6-BA and 1.0 mg/L IBA, flower buds were differentiated directly from the GLC but only vegetative buds and roots were differentiated from the TLC after culturing for 4 weeks. The GLC could be partly transformed into TLC in the continuous passage culture. Assays on hormones revealed that at a fixed IBA concentration of 0.4 mg/L the defferentiation frequency of flower budding was increased as the 6-BA concentration was decreased from 2.0 mg/L to 10 mg/L. Alternatively, at a fixed 6-BA concentration of 2.0 mg/L, the flower budding frequency was increased when the IBA concentration was changed from 0.4 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L. Moreover, the addition of 2.0 mg/L zeatin to the culture medium containing 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.4 mg/L IBA was favorable to the regeneration of the flower buds. Nevertheless supplementing 1.0 mg/L GA3 into the medium on which the calli had differentiated into flower buds, the flower buds would gradually wither after 2 weeks in culture.     

花叶千年木花序梗愈伤组织直接再生花芽的初步研究

在离体条件下,诱导愈伤组织或外植体直接再生花芽已经在许多草本植物上取得成功［１～７］,而就木本植物来说,迄今尚未见到成功的报导。诱导愈伤组织或外植体直接再生花芽所形成的离体培养实验系统将十分有利于研究雌、雄性器官分化和发育所必需的条件［８］和找到所需...     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> flowering of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Kniphofia leucocephala</Emphasis>: influence of cytokinins

The role of cytokinins in the promotion of flowering in the endangered species Kniphofia leucocephala Baijnath. was investigated using shoots maintained in culture for 3 years. The highest percentage flowering (65%) was obtained on media containing 20 μM benzyladenine (BA). The inclusion of isopentenyladenine and zeatin in the media also resulted in flowering, but these treatments were less effective than BA in inducing flowering. The effect of cytokinins on flowering was dose-dependent, with high concentrations of BA inhibiting flower formation. Treatments that resulted in rooting of explants produced no flowers. The resulting inflorescences in all treatments did not mature and senesced prematurely, even when gibberellic acid (GA₃) was applied post-flower-emergence.     

A method for inflorescence proliferation

Most perennial plants must pass through a long juvenile phase of vegetative development before they are capable of flowering. We have developed a method specifying inflorescence proliferation to bypass juvenility and maintain the adult phase. Bamboo ( Bambusa edulis) inflorescences were amplified by incubation in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l thidiazuron. Mutant albino inflorescences also proliferated in this medium. This method is equally effective with dicotyledonous plants. Ginseng ( Panax ginseng) buds were incubated in B5 medium supplemented with 1 mg/l benzyladenine and 1 mg/l gibberellic acid; new inflorescences developed from the base of the explants. Ginseng flowers were parthenocarpic and some of the fruit proliferated in vitro. Using the inflorescences as the material of somatic embryogenesis, we demonstrated that these were not mutations. The regenerated plants still had a juvenile phase and grew normally.