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1.
A. E. Martynyuk 《Neurophysiology》1987,19(2):143-148
Characteristics of delayed potassium outward current were investigated during voltage clamp experiments on nonidentified intracellularly perfused neurons isolated from the snailHelix pomatia. A calcium-dependent potassium curent displaying special properties was shown to exist, apart from the voltage-operated potassium currents dependent on intracellular calcium ions
. This type of current increases with a rise in the extracellular concentration of calcium ions
, is not blocked by intracellular application of 10 mM EGTA and 77 mM fluoride, and may be suppressed by adding 1.5 mM cobalt ions to the extracellular fluid. This current, unlike
, only takes a few milliseconds to peak, after which it fades to a steady level, comparable with that of
.A. A. Bogomolets Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Kiev. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 185–191, March–April, 1987. 相似文献
2.
Gill function in an elasmobranch 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gordon C. Grigg John Read 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1971,73(4):439-451
Summary Highly efficient oxygen uptake in elasmobranchs, as indicated by frequent excess of
over
has previously been ascribed to the operation of multicapillary rather than counter-current gas exchange by the gills. Analysis of models shows that, at maximum efficiency, a multicapillary system cannot account for values of
greater than
. In Port Jackson sharks Heterodontus portusjacksoni)
commonly exceeds
, which indicates the operation of a functional counter-current at the respiratory surface. The anatomical basis of this counter-current is provided by the demonstration that a continuous flow of water passes between the secondary lamellae into septal canals and thence via the parabranchial cavities to the exterior.Queen Elizabeth II Fellow. 相似文献
3.
Gregory K. Snyder Wesley W. Weathers 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1977,117(3):291-301
Summary Resting rates of O2 consumption
against
, exercise endurance times and
during recovery from vigorous exercise were measured inSceloporus occidentalis captured near sea level and inS. graciosus captured above 2850 m. Oxygen consumption against
was also measured inS. occidentalis captured above 2850 m. When
was recorded continuously, as ambient
was slowly reduced from 155 Torr, it became directly dependent upon ambient
between 110 and 120 Torr. The critical
for the high altitude lizards was lower than that for the lowland lizards, which enabled the former to maintain relatively higher
's when ambient
was reduced below 120 Torr. The high altitude lizards also had significantly greater endurance when stimulated to exercise at 1600 m (
130 Torr). Both the higher
under hypoxia and the greater endurance roughly parallel a significantly greater maximum
in the high altitude lizards. At a simulated altitude of 3600 m (
100 Torr), maximum
and rate of recovery of the O2 debt calculated from post active
were significantly reduced in the lowland but not the high altitude lizards. The effects of simulated altitude conditions on the lowland but not the mountaine animals indicate adaptations to altitude in these sceloporine lizards. We did not find any consistent relationship between organ/body weight ratios or hematocrit and our measures of
endurance or the altitude at which the lizards were captured. 相似文献
4.
Jacopo P. Mortola anna Noworaj 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1985,155(2):171-176
Summary The resting oxygen consumption
and breathing pattern of nine newborn and adult species (ranging in body size from mouse to human) have been compared on the basis of data collected from the literature. Minute ventilation
is similarly linked to
at both ages, the percent of
extracted as O2
about 2.2. Tidal volume/kg is an interspecies constant in newborns and adults, approximately 8 ml/kg. Breathing frequency decreases with the increase in size in a different way at the two ages: large species have newborns breathing at rates 2–3 times above the corresponding adults' values, while in the small species newborns and adults breathe at almost the same rate. Therefore the newborns of the smallest species have both
and
below the expected values, implying a greater inability to cope with the external demands than newborns of larger species. Several considerations indicate that in the smallest newborns the mechanical properties of the respiratory system could be a constraint to resting ventilations larger than observed. It is therefore possible that their low
is the cause, and not the effect, of the relatively small
. 相似文献
5.
Zusammenfassung Bei Röntgenbestrahlung von L-Leucin·HCl bei Zimmertemperatur wird das >C-H-Proton unter Bildung des Radikals (CH3)2 C-CH2-CHNH3
+-COOH abgetrennt. Das von acht -Protonen stammende ESR-Spektrum wurde wegen nur schwacher Anisotropie der -Protonen-Hfs auch im polykristallinen Zustand vollständig aufgelöst, und es wurden folgende isotrope Aufspaltungen ermittelt: bei Messung bei Zimmertemperatur
= 23.5±1 Gauß für sechs äquivalente CH3-Protonen und
=8,0±1 Gauß und
= 38,8±1 Gauß für die zwei Methylenprotonen, bei Messung bei 77 °K entsprechend
= 22,6±1 Gauß
=8,8±1 Gauß und
=45,2±1 Gauß (Temperaturabhängigkeit der CH2-Protonenkopplung). Das bei Zimmertemperatur beobachtete Radikal wird bereits durch Bestrahlung bei 77 °K gebildet.
Herrn Prof. Dr. habil. Kh.Lohs möchten wir an dieser Stelle für die Unterstützung dieser Arbeit und wertvolle Diskussionen danken. Herrn Ing. N.Klimes, Frl. G.Klein und Herrn J.Benkert gilt unser Dank für die technische Assistenz, Herrn Ing. M.Kresse für die Bestrahlung der verwendeten Proben. 相似文献
ESR-studies on the structure of radicals in X-irradiated L-leucine hydrochloride
Summary The structure of radicals in X-irradiated polycrystalline L-leucine·HCl has been studied by ESR. At room temperature the radical (CH3)2 > C-CH2-CHNH 3 + -COOH is formed by abstraction of the >C-H-proton. The isotropic part of hyperfine interaction with eight -protons has been measured even in polycrystalline state with following values: at 300 °K =23,5±1 gauss for six equivalent CH3-protons and =8.0±1 gauss and =38.8±1 gauss for two CH2-protons, at 77 °K =22.6±1 gauss, =8.8±1 gauss and =45-2±1 gauss respectively (the coupling of the CH2-protons is dependent from temperature). This radical is present already following irradiation at 77 °K.
Herrn Prof. Dr. habil. Kh.Lohs möchten wir an dieser Stelle für die Unterstützung dieser Arbeit und wertvolle Diskussionen danken. Herrn Ing. N.Klimes, Frl. G.Klein und Herrn J.Benkert gilt unser Dank für die technische Assistenz, Herrn Ing. M.Kresse für die Bestrahlung der verwendeten Proben. 相似文献
6.
Summary The complete sequence of the 5S rRNA from the bioluminescent bacterium,Beneckea harveyi has been determined to be p U G C U U G G C G
C C A U A G C G A
U U-G G A C C C A
C U G A (U) C U U C
A U U C C-G A A C
C A G A A G U G A
A C G A A U U A-G
G C C G A U G G U
G U G U G G G G C
U-C C C C A U G U
A G A G U A G G A
A U C G-C C A G G
U (U)OH.Two sites of sensitivity to ribonuclease T2 cleavage were identified; at A41 and either A54 or A55. Comparison with existing sequence information fromEscherichia coli andPhotobacterium phosphoreum clarifies the amount of diversity among the bioluminescent bacteria and provides further insight into their phylogenetic position. Sequence heterogeneities were encountered and the importance of these in interpreting 5S rRNA data is discussed. 相似文献
7.
A small catchment on the Swedish West Coast has been studied over four years to determine S dynamics by using S isotope ratios. A Norway spruce dominated forest covers the catchment, and small peat areas occur in the lower parts of the catchment. The runoff
values varied both during the year, and from year to year. Over the period from February 1990 to December 1993, the
values ranged from — 1%. to +11%. Over the same period, the throughfall
values ranged from +1%. to +15%. There was no correlation (r
2= 0.01; Pr(F)=0.57) between
values in throughfall and runoff. Since the only input of S to the catchment is atmospheric deposition, the long-term runoff S mass flux is controlled by the deposition. Therefore, processes in the catchment are responsible for the variation in the runoff
values. During periods with
enriched runoff, bacterial dissimilatory SO
4
2–
reduction occurs in the catchment. After very dry periods, oxidation of this reduced S, which is32S-enriched, can be traced in runoff. Previous studies of the catchment have not been able to distinguish between: 1) oxidation of reduced S and dry deposition, and 2) reduction and adsorption. From the current study, it can be concluded that adsorption and dry deposition cannot cause the observed variation in runoff
. 相似文献
8.
B. Grubb G. E. Folk Jr. 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1978,128(2):185-188
Summary The rate of oxygen consumption (
) by skeletal muscle was investigated in isolated perfused hindlimbs of laboratory rats and lemmings (Lemmus). In both species,
increased in proportion to blood flow rate, even at flow rates 4–5 times above resting level. The slope of the line relating
to skeletal muscle blood flow was significantly greater in the lemming than in the rat. This may be related to the inverse relationship between body weight and metabolic rate. These data support the hypothesis that in small animals a dependent relationship exists between blood flow and skeletal muscle
. 相似文献
9.
Stephen C. Wood Kjell Johansen Mogens L. Glass G. M. O. Maloiy 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1978,127(4):331-336
Summary Oxygen consumption
was measured at rest and during spontaneous activity at body temperatures of 25 and 35°C in 14 fasting Savanna monitor lizards,Varanus exanthematicus ranging in weight from 172 to 7500 g. The allometric relationship between metabolic rate at 25°C and body weight (W) is given by:
(ml O2 STPD·g–1·hr–1)=0.88W
–0.43 (Fig. 2). Although statistical comparisons are equivocal, this intraspecific size dependence exceeds that reported for interspecific comparisons among reptiles and other vertebrate groups (Fig 3). A reproducible diurnal pattern of activity was observed in undisturbed animals with minimum values of
between 2400 and 0800 h (Fig. 1). Spontaneous activity and
generally reached peak values between 1200 and 2000 hrs. The average ratio of active aerobic metabolic rate (AMR) to minimum (standard) aerobic metabolic rate (SMR) was 8.2. This voluntary AMR/SMR inVaranus exceeds the AMR/SMR for most reptiles stimulated to exhaustion. The high aerobic capacity is consistent with other evidence for efficient exchange and transport of respiratory gases inV. exanthematicus; e.g., low or absent intracardiac shunt flow resulting in high arterial saturation and low ventilation
and perfusion
requirements. 相似文献
10.
Pierre Dejours Jean-Paul Truchot 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1988,158(3):387-391
Summary In the intertidal shore crab,Carcinus maenas, pH and
values of the prebranchial venous hemolymph,
and
, the PO2 values of the arterialized cardiac hemolymph,
, were measured, and the ventilatory activity was assessed by measuring the hydrostatic pressures at the exits of the epibranchial cavities, under four environmental conditions: normoxic water, normoxic air, hypoxic gas, hyperoxic gas.In the crab breathing normoxic air,
was lower and
higher than in animals breathing normoxic water. With the switch to hypoxic gas, ventilation increased and
and
decreased. With the switch to hyperoxic gas, ventilation decreased,
and
increased and
decreased.Thus these crabs breathing air were not as well oxygenated as when breathing air-equilibrated water, and because of their low
, they were relatively hypervetilating and hypocapnic compared to air-breathing vertebrates. Hyperoxic breathing, increasing
and reducing ventilatory drive, led to increased
. Conversely,
was reduced by hypoxic breathing. These observations suggest that the gas exchanger of intertidal crabs is not as successfully designed for air breathing as that of land-colonizing insects and air-breathing vertebrates. 相似文献
11.
12.
Jack P. Hayes 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1989,159(4):453-459
Summary I compared the maximal aerobic metabolic rates (
), field metabolic rates (FMR), aerobic reserves (
-FMR), and basal metabolic rates (BMR) of wild and recently captured deer mice from low (440 m) and high (3800 m) altitudes. To separate the effects of the thermal environment from other altitudinal effects, I examined mice from different altitudes, but similar thermal environments (i.e., summer mice from high altitude and winter mice from low altitude). When the thermal environment was similar,
, FMR, and aerobic reserve of low and high altitude mice did not differ, but BMR was significantly higher at high altitude. Thus, in the absence of thermal differences, altitude had only minor effects on the aerobic metabolism of wild or recently captured deer mice.At low altitude, there was significant seasonal variation in
, FMR, and aerobic reserve, but not BMR. BMR was correlated with
, but not with FMR. The significant positive correlation of BMR with
indicates a cost of high
, because higher BMR increases food requirements and energy use during periods of thermoneutral conditions.Abbreviations
BMR
basal metabolic rate
-
FMR
field metabolic rate
-
partial pressure of oxygen
-
T
a
ambient temperature
-
T
b
body temperature
-
T
e
operative temperature
-
maximal aerobic metabolic rate 相似文献
13.
P. Pic 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1978,123(2):155-162
Summary In seawater (SW)-adaptedMugil andFundulus, gill effluxes of Na+
and of Cl–
and the simultaneously recorded transgill potential (P.D.) differ according to whether they are measured in stressed or rested animals.In rested animals of the two species, transfer to Ringer's solution considerably reduces the P.D. but not
. InFundulus,
is also decreased. Transfer of the two species from SW to fresh water (FW) reduces
and
by 75 to 85% and leads to a large inversion of P.D. When K+ is added to FW, a gill depolarization occurs, as well as a large increase of
and
.These results suggest that: 1) the P.D. originates primarily from the diffusion of cations, the gill permeability to Na+ (
) being greater than that to Cl– (
), 2) a Cl–/Cl– exchange independent of P.D. is associated with the Cl– pump; 3) Cl– pump activity is linked to Na+/K+ exchange which in turn is associated to a Na+/Na+ exchange diffusion mechanism.In stressed individuals of the two species, the P.D. in SW, as well as the P.D. changes observed during transfer experiments, are considerably reduced. The decrease of
and
observed after transfer from SW to FW are also minimised. Changes are smaller inFundulus. The decrease of P.D. characterizing stressed animals may be at least in part due to a 3 to 4 fold increase of
which becomes equal to
in both species.As a result of stress, the K+-activated Na+ and Cl– excretion mechanisms are totally inhibited inFundulus and partially so inMugil.Stress response seems more intense inFundulus and recovery from stress faster inMugil. 相似文献
14.
High groundwater nitrate concentrations inhibit eutrophication of sulphate-rich freshwater wetlands 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
E.C.H.E.T. Lucassen A.J.P. Smolders A.L. van der Salm J.G.M. Roelofs 《Biogeochemistry》2004,67(2):249-267
During the last 60 years, pollution of the groundwater with
has greatly increased in many parts of Europe, as a consequence of excessive use of manure and synthetic fertilisers. Monitoring of groundwater-fed wetlands indicated that sediments with high
concentrations had the lowest Fe and
concentrations in the pore water. A comparison of two restored open water fens, differing in
supply via the groundwater, indicated that the redox potential and the sulphate (
) reduction rate were lower when the groundwater contained not only
but also high
concentrations. The lower
reduction rates in the
-rich open water fen were associated with lower
concentrations and the presence of plant species characteristic of clear water. In contrast, the higher
reduction rates in the
-poor open water fen were associated with very high
concentrations and massive development of plant species characteristic of eutrophic environments. Investigations at
-rich seepage sites in black alder carrs, showed that high
concentrations in the pore water caused chlorosis in the alder carr vegetation, due to lower availability of Fe in the pore water and less Fe uptake by the plants. Experimental desiccation of sediments proved that the
-rich seepage sites contained no oxidisable FeS
x
, contrary to
-poor locations, which became acidified and mobilised extremely high amounts of
due to FeS
x
oxidation. A laboratory experiment showed that
addition to sediments led to reduced releases of Fe,
and S2–, very likely due to the oxidation of reduced Fe and S compounds. Overall, the results confirmed that
is an energetically more favourable electron acceptor in anaerobic sediments than Fe and
, and that high
loads function as a redox buffer, preventing reduction of Fe and
. Limited
reduction prevents S2– -mediated mobilisation of
from Fe-
complexes. At a higher redox potential, reduced Fe, including FeS
x
, was oxidised, increasing the content of Fe(III) capable of binding
. This prevented increased
availability and the concomitant massive development of plant species characteristic of eutrophic environments. 相似文献
15.
Jürgen M. Schmidt Richard R. Ernst Saburo Aimoto Masatsune Kainosho 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》1995,6(1):95-105
Summary A simple heteronuclear relayed E.COSY pulse sequence with a minimum number of pulses is proposed for the quantitative determination of heteronuclear three-bond J-coupling constants in uniformly 13C-enriched polypeptide samples. Numerous heteronuclear three-bond coupling constants, including
,
,
, and
, can be determined for each residue from a single heteronuclear relayed E.COSY spectrum. Couplings relevant for stereospecific assignments as well as for the determination of dihedral angles in the amino acid backbone and in side chains are obtained. The method is demonstrated on the uniformly 13C-enriched decapeptide antamanide (-Val1-Pro2-Pro3-Ala4-Phe5-Phe6-Pro7-Pro8-Phe9-Phe10-). 相似文献
16.
Sheroziya O. P. Ermishkin V. V. Lukoshkova E. V. Mazygula E. P. Ryb'yakova V. B. Chepetova T. V. 《Neurophysiology》2003,35(6):434-444
In 19 tested persons in the resting lying position, we examined changes in the mean duration of R-R intervals
and in parasympathetic chronotropic cardiac reactions (respiratory arrhythmia,RA, and swallowing-related tachycardia, ST) induced by intensified tonic parasympathetic influences after peroral administration of antagonists of muscarinic (M) receptors in small doses. Administration of 0.02 g of an extract of Belladonna, which contains alkaloids of the atropine group, led to a significant
increase (P < 0.001). In this case, the RA at the natural frequency of breathing (P < 0.05) and ST (P < 0.001) simultaneously increased. Close correlation was observed both between initial values of the ST and
in various tested persons (r = 0.87) and between changes in these values, which were induced by the action of small amounts of M antagonists (r = 84). In various persons, the RA during deep slowed breathing (6 min-1, RA6) demonstrated ambiguous modifications. In the structure of RA6, we identified two components: an inspiratory tachycardic (TC) and an expiratory bradycardic (BC). With intensification of the parasympathetic influences, the TC began to prevail; its increase was strongly related to a rise in the
(r = 0.84). In contrast, correlation between changes in the BC and an increase in the
was completely absent (r = 0.001). Therefore, small amounts of M antagonists intensify both the tonic component of parasympathetic control (increasing the
) and its dynamic indices, the magnitudes of the ST and RA. Tachycardia during swallowing and the inspiratory TC under conditions of deep slowed breathing are closely related to changes in the parasympathetic influences. The magnitude of the RA is the index, which reflects the tonic component of chtonotropic control under conditions of both slowed and natural breathing less adequately than the ST. 相似文献
17.
Lawrence A. Baker Dr. Wesley W. Weathers Fred N. White 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1972,80(3):312-323
Summary The influence of local temperature changes within the posterior portion of the body on dorsal aorta blood flow (
), femoral arterial pressure (P
a
), peripheral resistance (R), skin blood flow (
) and skeletal muscle blood flow (
) was examined in unanesthetized lizards (Iguana iguana andTubinambis nigropunctatus). In response to local heating of the hind legs and tail
and
increased,P
a
was generally unchanged,R decreased and
decreased or was unchanged (Fig. 2). It is suggested that the acquisition of heat may be favored by diverting the increase in
away from the muscle to the warmer skin. In response to cooling
and
decreased,P
a
was generally unchanged, R increased and
increased or was unchanged. Hence, during cooling the retention of heat may be favored by diverting blood away from the skin to the deeper muscle. The muscle-skin shunt is under sympathetic control since following blockade with phenoxybenzamine HCL (Dibenzyline) muscle blood flow changes in response to temperature were qualitatively similar to those of skin (Fig. 4). These changes in peripheral circulatory patterns are independent of changes in heart rate or deep body temperature.Baker and Weathers were predoctoral and postdoctoral trainees, respectively, under USPHS Grant HE-05696. This study was also supported by NSF Grant GB-8523 and Los Angeles County Heart Association Grant 437IG. 相似文献
18.
Barbara Grubb G. E. Folk 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1976,110(2):217-226
Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on oxygen consumption (
) of perfused (constant flow) muscle in cold acclimated (CA) and control rats. Infusion of NE for a five minute period caused an increase in
of similar magnitude in both groups. Infusion of NE for 30 min resulted in an elevated steady state
in the cold acclimated group, while the control group showed only an initial increase in
followed by a continual decline during the remainder of the 30 min infusion period. These results suggest that when rats are challenged by cold exposure, the magnitude of the initial muscle response to NE by control and acclimated rats is the same, but a useful sustained higher muscle oxygen consumption is found only in the cold acclimated animals.Abbreviations CA
cold acclimated
- NE
norepinephrine 相似文献
19.
B. Culik A. J. Woakes D. Adelung R. P. Wilson N. R. Coria H. J. Spairani 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1990,160(1):61-70
Summary The energy requirements of Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chicks were analysed with respect to body mass (W, 0.145–3.35 kg, n=36) and various forms of activity (lying, standing, minor activity, locomotion, walking on a treadmill). Direct respirometry was used to measure O2 consumption (
) and CO2 production. Heart rate (HR, bpm) was recorded from the ECG obtained by both externally attached electrodes and implantable HR-transmitters. The parameters measured were not affected by hand-rearing of the chicks or by implanting transmitters. HR measured in the laboratory and in the field were comparable. Oxygen uptake ranged from
in lying chicks to
at maximal activity, RQ=0.76. Metabolic rate in small wild chicks (0.14–0.38 kg) was not affected by time of day, nor was their feeding frequency in the colony (Dec 20–21). Regressions of HR on
were highly significant (p< 0.0001) in transmitter implanted chicks (n=4), and two relationships are proposed for the pooled data, one for minor activities (
), and one for walking (
). Oxygen consumption, mass of the chick (2–3 kg), and duration of walking (T, s) were related as
, whereas mass-specific O2 consumption was related to walking speed (S, m·s-1) as
.Abbreviations
bpm
beats per minute
-
D
distance walked (m)
-
ECG
electrocardiogram
-
HR
heart rate (bpm)
-
ns
number of steps
-
RQ
respiratory quotient
-
S
walking speed (m·s-1)
-
T
time walked (s)
-
W
body mass (kg) 相似文献
20.
V. Billat F. Dalmay M. T. Antonini A. P. Chassain 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1994,69(3):196-202
The aim of this study was to estimate the characteristic exercise intensity
CL which produces the maximal steady state of blood lactate concentration (MLSS) from submaximal intensities of 20 min carried out on the same day and separated by 40 min. Ten fit male adults [maximal oxygen uptake
max 62 (SD 7) ml · min–1 · kg–1] exercisOed for two 30-min periods on a cycle ergometer at 67% (test 1.1) and 82% of
max (test 1.2) separated by 40 min. They exercised 4 days later for 30 min at 82% of
max without prior exercise (test 2). Blood lactate was collected for determination of lactic acid concentration every 5 min and heart rate and O2 uptake
were measured every 30 s. There were no significant differences at the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, or 30th min between
, lactacidaemia, and heart rate during tests 1.2 and 2. Moreover, we compared the exercise intensities
CL which produced the MLSS obtained during tests 1.1 and 1.2 or during tests 1.1 and 2 calculated from differential values of lactic acid blood concentration ([1a–]b) between the 30th and the 5th min or between the 20th and the 5th min. There was no significant difference between the different values of
CL [68 (SD 9), 71 (SD 7), 73 (SD 6),71 (SD 11) % of
max (ANOVA test,P<0.05). Four subjects ran for 60 min at their
CL determined from periods performed on the same day (test 1.1 and 1.2) and the difference between the [la–]b at 5 min and at 20 min ( ([la–]b)) was computed. The [la–]b remained constant during exercise and ranged from 2.2 to 6.7 mmol · l–1 [mean value equal to 3.9 (SD 1) mmol · l–1]. These data suggest that the
CL protocol did not overestimate the exercise intensity corresponding to the maximal fractional utilization of
max at MLSS. For half of the subjects the
CL was very close to the higher stage (82% of
max where an accumulation of lactate in the blood with time was observed. It can be hypothesized that
CL was very close to the real MLSS considering the level of accuracy of [la–]b measurement. This study showed that exercise at only two intensities, performed at 65% and 80% of
max and separated by 40 min of complete rest, can be used to determine the intensity yielding a steady state of [la–1]b near the real MLSS workload value. 相似文献