Book Reviews

Holme, N.A. & Mclntyre, A.D. (Eds) (1984) Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos.
Lewis, W.M., Saunders, J.F., Crumpacker, D.W. & Brendecke, CM. (1984) Eutrophication and Land Use: Lake Dillon, Colorado.
McKeown, B.A. (1984) Fish Migration.
von Brandt, A. (1984) Fish Catching Methods of the World
Barnes, R.S.K. (1984) Estuarine Biology.
Dumont, H.J. & Tundisi, J.G. (Eds) (1984) Tropical Zooplankton.
Wootton, R.J. (1984) A Functional Biology of Sticklebacks
Fernando, C.H. (Ed.) (1984) Ecology and Biogeography in Sri Lanka.
Haworth, E.W. & Lund, J.W.G. (Eds) (1984) Lake Sediments and Environmental History.
Petts, G.E. (1984) Impounded Rivers. Perspectives for Ecological Management.
Whitton, B.A. (Ed.) (1984) Ecology of European Rivers.     

Book Reviews

Horie, S. (Ed.) (1984) Lake Biwa.
Davenport, J. (1984) Environmental Stress and Behavioural Adaptation.
Benomi, G. & Erséus, C. (Eds.) (1984) Aquatic Oligochaeta. (Developments in Hydrobiology
Rrame, C.J.N. & Duinker, J.C. (Eds.) (1984) Complexation of Trace Metals in Natural Waters.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Fay, P. (1983) The Blue-Greens .
Petr, T. (Ed.) (1983) The Purari—Tropical Environment of a High Rainfall River Basin.
Nisbet, B. (1984) Nutrition and Feeding in Protozoa.
Frank, J.H. & Lounibos, L.P. (Eds.) (1983) Phytotelmata: Terrestrial Plants as Hosts for Aquatic Insect Communities.
Elliott, J.M. & Humpesch, U.H. (1983) A Key to the Adults of the British Ephemeroptera.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Milkweed Butterflies: Their Cladistics and Biology. — P. R. Ackery and R. I. Vane-Wright. 1984.
Scala Millettiearum: A Survey of the Genera of the Tribe Millettieae (Legum.-Pap.) with Methodological Considerations. — R. Geesink. 1984.
Mechanisms of Morphological Evolution. — W. Arthur. 1984.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
44. Deutsche Pflanzenschutz-Tagung in Gießien , 8–12. Oktober 1984. Mit-teilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin-DahleiTi. Heit 223.
Fulton, R.H.(Ed.) . Coffee Rust in the Americas. APS Symposium Book No.2
Hagedorn, D. J. , Compendium of Pea Diseases. Compendium of Plant Disease Series.
Wegler, R. (Hrsg.) , Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
Jung, A. , Pflanzenphotographie.     

Preliminary empirical models of the historical and future impact of acidification on the ecology of Welsh streams

SUMMARY 1. We describe a preliminary approacb to modelling the impact of acidification on the ecology of two Welsb streams. Output from the hydrochemical Model of Acidification of Groundwaters in Catchments (MAGIC) was used to drive empirical models which predicted brown trout Salmo trulta (L.) survival, trout density and invertebrate assemblage type. The models were used for hindcasts between 1844 and 1984 under conifer forest and moorland conditions. Forecasts involved each of these land uses with sulphate deposition either continued at 1984 levels or reduced by 50%.
2. Trout survival times and trout densities in the models declined markedly between 1844 and 1984. The most severe decline occurred under simulated forest, where high aluminium concentration led to the virtual elimination of trout in both streams.
3. In forecasts, only in simulated moorland with sulphate deposition reduced by 50% of 1984 levels, was further decline in trout population retarded. There was no marked recovery in trout density under any of the conditions examined.
4. Invertebrate assemblages in streams during the nineteenth century may have differed from those now existing in nearby moorland streams which are presently circumneutral. Past chemical conditions were unusual (<3mg 1⁻¹ total hardness, but pH >5.7 and low aluminium) by present-day standards, and were outside the range of the invertebrate model until -1940.
5. Between the 1940s and 1984 there was no change in invertebrate fauna under the moorland scenario despite some acidification. However, simulated forest advanced the appearance of the most impoverished assemblage type, which did not recover in spite of reduced deposition.
6. We discuss several uncertainties with the models in their present form, but suggest some methods for their testing and validation.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
The Structure of Biological Science. — Alexander Rosenberg. 1984.
Aufgaben und Probleme stammesgeschichtler Forschung. — Willi Hennig. 1984.
Croizat's Panbiogeography & Principia Botanica: Search for a Novel Biological Synthesis. — R. C. Craw and G. W. Gibbs (eds.). 1984.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Cladistics: Perspectives on the Reconstruction of Evolutionary History. — Thomas Duncan and Tod F. Stuessy (eds.). 1984.
Das Phylogenetische System. — Peter Ax. 1984.
Beyond Neo-Darwinism: An Introduction to the New Evolutionary Paradigm. — M.-W. Ho and P. T. Saunders (eds.). 1984.
The Great Chain of History: William Buckland and the English School of Geology (1814–1849). — Nicolaas A. Rupke. 1983     

Book Reviews

Muir, J.F. & Roberts, R.J. (Eds.) (1985) Recent Advances in Aquaculture
Balon, E.K. (1985) Early Life Histories of Fishes: New Developmental, Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives.
Tytler, P. & Calow, P. (Eds.) (1985) Fish Energetics: New Perspectives.
Casper, S.J. (Ed.) (1985) Lake Stechlin—a temperate oligotrophic lake.
Denny, P. (Ed.) (1985) The Ecology and Management of African Wetland Vegetation.
Salanki J. (ed.) (1985) Heavy Metals in Water Organisms.     

Film Review

Book reviewed in this article:
The Primal Mind . 1984. Produced by Richard Berman and Alvin H. Perlmutter.
Native Land: Nomads of the Dawn . 1986. Produced and directed by John Peaslee.
Spirit of the Hunt . 1982. Produced by Thomas Howe Associates.
Itam Hakin, Hopiit . 1984. Produced and directed by Victor Masayesva     

The structure of a natural population of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis, at Dungeness, Kent

SUMMARY 1. A hot branding method was used to mark medicinal leeches ( Hirudo medicinalis L.) from five samples (four in 1984, one in 1985) at agravel pit at Dungeness in Kent. Analysis of capture-recapture data by the Fisher-Ford and Jolly methods gave similar results and indicated a population in excess of 10000 (0.112 leeches per m²) in 1984 and 1985. Successive estimates were each higher than the last suggesting a thriving community.
2. The population structure was skewed towards the lower weight classes. This may indicate good recruitment of hatchlings, as also indicated by the presence of cocoons, or the failure to capture heavier satiated or gravid leeches because of their relative unresponsiveness to the sampling method involving water disturbance, or their complete absence from the water during cocoon laying. Gravid leeches were always above 2 g in weight. Recaptured marked leeches revealed that they migrated throughout the site, indicating active foraging for hosts.     

Book Reviews

Laybourn-Parry, J. (1984) A Functional Biology of Free-living Protozoa.
Zaret, T.M. (ed.) (1984) Evolutionary Ecology of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes: Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes.
Por, F.D. & Dor, I. (eds.) (1984) Hydrobiology of the Mangal. The ecosystem of the mangrove forests.
Trewavas, E. (1983) Tilapiine Fishes of the Genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Dankilia.
Downing, J.A. & Rigler, F.H. (eds.) (1984) A Manual on Methods for the Assessment of Secondary Productivity in Fresh Waters
Pequeux, A., Gilles, R. & Bolis, L. (1984) Osmoregulation in Estuarine and Marine Animals.
Dumont, H.J., el Mogrhaby, A.I. & Desougi, L.A. (eds.) (1948) Limnology and Marine Biology in the Sudan.
Hakumat, R. & Marker, A.F.H. (eds.) (1982) The Measurement of Photosynthetic Pigments in Freshwaters and Standardization of Methods.
Templeton, R.G. (ed.) (1984) Freshwater Fisheries Management.
Resh, V.H. & Rosenberg, D.M. (Eds) (1984) The Ecology of Aquatic Insects.
Heip, C. (ed.) (1984) Biology of Meiofauna.     

Book Reviews

Giller, P.S. (1984) Community Structure and the Niche.
Moore, J.W. & Ramamoorthy, S. (1984) Organic Chemicals in Natural Waters: applied monitoring and impact assessment.     

Size variation and reproductive success of female Aedes punctor (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract. 1. Variation in size (wing length) of females and males within a population of Aedes punctor (Kirby) at emergence was recorded in northern Britain during 1984 and 1985.
2. Wing length correlated well with body dry weight, confirming its usefulness as a measure of body size. In 1984, but not in 1985, mean size decreased significantly as emergence progressed.
3. The size of host-seeking females caught at human bait varied seasonally. This was partly accounted for by size variation during emergence.
4. Of females which fed to repletion, the largest spent least time in contact with the host.
5. In the laboratory, wing length correlated well with potential fecundity (number of ovarioles) and less well with actual fecundity (number of matured follicles) after feeding on human blood.
6. In the field, larger females were more successful at locating hosts, developed more egg clutches in a lifetime and generally lived longer than did smaller ones. Larger females appear to enjoy greater reproductive success than do smaller females.     

The detection of vegetational change by multitemporal analysis of LANDSAT data: the effects of goose foraging

1 The North American mid-continent population of lesser snow geese now exceeds 3 million birds and the population is increasing in the order of 7% per annum. The foraging activities of the birds on Arctic breeding grounds are leading to loss of vegetation and habitat destruction, particularly in coastal areas bordering the Hudson and James Bays.
2 Multitemporal analysis of LANDSAT data has been carried out to detect vegetational change from 1973 to 1993 at La Pérouse Bay and its vicinity, the site of a breeding colony of snow geese.
3 Difference vegetation images (DVI) (difference between infra-red and red images) were prepared from images obtained in late summer in 1973, 1984 and 1993, in order to enhance vegetation density. Pair-wise differences were calculated between these DVI images, which resulted in three, secondary, classified images. Classification of the three secondary images (1973–84, 1984–93, 1973–93) yielded three well-defined classes: water, vegetation decline and no change in vegetation.
4 Histogram counts gave the following values for areas of vegetation decline: 1973–84, 1026 ha; 1984–93, 1428 ha; 1973–93, 2454 ha.
5 The loss of vegetation and the destruction of habitat are discussed in relation to the foraging activities of the expanding goose population.     

Book Reviews

Holcik, J., Hensel, K., Nieslanik, J. & Skacel, L. (1988) The Eurasian Huchen, Hucho hucho: Largest Salmon of the World .
Carpenter, S.R. (1984) Complex Interaction in Lake Communities .
Gee, J.H.R. & Giller, P.S. (Eds) (1987) Organization of Communities, Past and Present .
Drever, J.I. (1988) The Geochemistry of Natural Waters .
Lembi, Carole A. & Waaland, J. Robert (Eds) (1988) Algae and Human Affairs .
Croasdale, H. & Flint, E.A. (1988) Flora of New Zealand. Freshwater Algae .     

Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this articles:
Sinclair, J. B. (Herausgeber) , Compendium of Soybean Diseases, 2nd edition.
Bach, W., J. Pankrath, S. H. Schneider (Herausgeber), Food-Climate Inter-actions.
Palti, J. , Cultural Practices and Infectious Crop Diseases.
Finck, A. , Fertilizers and Fertilization.
Turner, P. D. , Oil palm diseases and disorders.
Watkins, G. M. (ed.) , Compendium of cotton diseases.
Webster, H. S., Jr. , Plant Protection.
Robinson, D. G., and H. Quader (Ed.) , Cell Walls '81.
Progress in Botany (Fortschritte der Botanik) . Morphology — Physiology — Genetics — Taxonomy — Geobotany.
Maggenti, A. , General Nematology.
Chapeville, F., and A. L. Haenni (Ed.) , Chemical Recognition in Biology.
Rhodes-Roberts, M., und F. A. Skinner , Bacteria and Plants.
Michel, H,-G., und H. Umgelter , Pflanzenschutz im Garten.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Sandgren, C.D. (Ed.) (1988) Growth and Reproductive Strategies of Freshwater Phytoplankton.
Savage, A.A. (1989) Adults of the aquatic Hemiptera Heteroptera. A key with ecological notes.
Persson, G. & Jansson, M. (Eds.) (1988) Phosphorus in Freshwater Ecosystems .
Brookes, A. (1988) Channelized Rivers. Perspectives for environmental management .     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Williams. W.D. (1983) Life in Inland Waters.
Hammond. CO. revised by Merritt, R. (1983) The Dragonflies of Great Britain and Ireland.
Hammer, U.T. (Ed.) (1983) Saline Lakes. Developments in Hydrobiology.
Noakes, D.L.G., Lindquist, D.G., Helfman, G.S. & Ward, J. A. (1983) Predators and Prey in Fishes: Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes .
Pejler, B., Starkweather, R. & Nogrady, T. (Eds.) (1983) Biology of Rotifers.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Salanki, J. & Herodek, S. (Eds.) (1989) Conservation and Management of Lakes .
Guthrie, M. (1989) Animals of the Surface Film .
Steffens, W. (1989) Principles of Fish Nutrition .
Wiederholm, T. (Ed.) (1989) Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region. Keys and Diagnoses Part 3. Adult Males .
Day, J.W. Jr, Hall, C.A.S., Kemp, W.M. & Alejandro Yanez-Arancibia, A. (1990) Estuarine Ecology .