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1.
Fifty-two slow-growing strains were isolated from root nodules of Calicotome spinosa grown in the Northeast of Algeria and grouped in 24 rep-PCR clusters. One representative strain for each profile was further phylogenetically characterized. The nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that all strains were affiliated to Bradyrhizobium. Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) of the atpD, glnII and recA genes and of the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) showed that these strains formed four divergent clusters: one close to Bradyrhizobium canariense and Bradyrhizobium lupini and three others separate from all the described species, representing three putative new Bradyrhizobium species. A phylogenetic analysis based on the nodC gene sequence affiliated the strains to either of the two symbiovars, genistearum or retamae.  相似文献   

2.
    
Ferns represent the basal group of vascular plants and are known to have fungal interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but diversity of endophytic fungi from ferns is rarely studied. Moreover, fungal diversity associated with ferns is likely underestimated as most studies have been performed based on a microscopic or culture-dependent approach. In this study, we investigated the endophytic fungal diversity within roots and sporophore of an endangered Korean fern (Mankyua chejuense), and compared it to fungi in surrounding soil using a metabarcoding approach. A high diversity of endophytic fungi (236 OTUs), mostly belonging to Ascomycota, was detected and fungal richness and composition were significantly different between habitats. Indicator species analysis showed that endophytic fungi have similar ecological characteristics to fungal species found from other land plants. Our results suggest that various fungal species are associated with ferns, thus understanding fern-associated fungal diversity can have a great implication for fern biology and conservation.  相似文献   

3.
    
ABSTRACT

Background

Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) represent a form-group of ascomycetous fungi that inhabit the roots of a wide range of plant species, but our knowledge on their interaction with the host plants is still limited.  相似文献   

4.
    
The Mediterranean world is the cradle for the diversification of a large number of plant species, including legumes belonging to the Tribe Genisteae. Nodule bacteria from three species of Genista legumes indigenous to northwestern Africa (G. ferox, G. numidica, G. tricuspidata) were sampled across a 150 km region of Algeria in order to investigate symbiotic relationships. Partial 23S rRNA sequences from 107 isolates indicated that Bradyrhizobium was the predominant symbiont genus (96% of isolates), with the remainder belonging to Rhizobium or Mesorhizobium. A multilocus sequence analysis on 46 Bradyrhizobium strains using seven housekeeping (HK) genes showed that strains were differentiated into multiple clades with affinities to seven species: B. canariense (17 isolates), B. japonicum (2), B. ottawaense (2), B. cytisi/B. rifense (9), ‘B. valentinum’ (5), and B. algeriense (11). Extensive discordance between the HK gene phylogeny and a tree for four loci in the symbiosis island (SI) region implied that horizontal transfer of SI loci has been common. Cases of close symbiont relationship across pairs of legumes hosts were evident, with 33% of isolates having as their closest relative a strain sampled from a different Genista species. Nevertheless, tree permutation tests also showed that there was substantial host-related phylogenetic clustering. Thus, each of the three Genista hosts utilized a measurably different array of bacterial lineages.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was to analyze yields, biological efficiency, earliness (expressed as days to first harvest), and precociousness and establish models for the mushroom growing according to these parameters. The experiment followed a double factorial design with four sources of calcium (calcitic limestone, calcitic limestone + gypsum, dolomitic limestone and dolomitic limestone + gypsum) and 2 application times (25 days before casing and at the moment of casing), with 4 replicates for each treatment. Different calcium sources influenced differently Agaricus subrufescens production, especially as regards earliness, which showed significantly higher values when dolomitic limestone with gypsum was applied. Yield and biological efficiency were negatively correlated with H + AL, organic matter and Mg amount. Furthermore, earliness was positively correlated with H + Al, organic matter, and the amount of Mg and Fe. Finally, negative correlations were observed between precociousness and the amount of Ca, SB (sum of base), CEC (cation exchange capacity) and V% (percentage of base saturation). The models presented in this work are extremely important for predicting the agronomic performance of Agaricus subrufescens on the basis of chemical analysis provided by the casing soil.  相似文献   

6.
李聪聪  朱秉坚  徐琳  李香真  姚敏杰 《生态学报》2020,40(14):4942-4953
植物内生菌具有帮助植物吸收营养元素,增强植物免疫力,抵御外界生物和非生物胁迫等功能。植物的根内和叶内存在大量的内生菌,影响着植物的健康生长。但不同植物地下(根内)和地上(叶内)内生原核微生物,以及与土壤微生物在组成和群落结构上的差异和联系还有待探索。以青藏高原高寒草甸三种优势植物青藏苔草(Carex moorcroftii)、火绒草(Leontopodium jacotianum)和高山嵩草(Carex parvula)为对象,研究了高寒草甸优势植物叶内、根内、土壤原核微生物组的组成及其与样品类型和植物类型之间的关系。结果表明:1)在门分类水平上,有13个门在土壤、叶内和根内之间有显著差异,只有5个门在不同植物之间有显著性差异,分别是变形菌门、厚壁菌门、酸杆菌门、疣微菌门以及FBP;2)在α多样性上,同种植物土壤、叶内、根内之间差异显著,而不同植物在土壤和根内差异显著,但在叶内无显著性差异;3)样品类型(叶内、根内以及土壤)是决定植物微生物组差异的最主要因子,对微生物群落变异的贡献度为20.13%;不同植物类型之间微生物群落也有显著性差异,植物类型对总变异的贡献率为14.41%,并且植...  相似文献   

7.
首次研究了寄生植物锁阳及其寄主白刺内生真菌的分布特征及遗传关系.采用组织块法分离天然白刺、寄生体中锁阳和白刺的内生真菌,利用ITS-rDNA分子序列并结合形态学方法鉴定菌种,研究内生真菌的分离率、定殖率、分离频率、多样性指数、均匀度指数及相似性系数等的差异,以及寄生关系中内生真菌的多样性、遗传关系及分布特征等.结果表明: 本次获得的49株内生真菌隶属于18个分类单元,95.9%为子囊菌,4.1%为担子菌;内生真菌总分离率为15.3%,总定殖率为25.0%;天然白刺中内生真菌Shannon多样性指数最大,为2.13;锁阳花序与锁阳茎的内生真菌相似性系数最大,为0.50;镰孢菌属为白刺的优势菌属,青霉属为锁阳的优势菌属.锁阳与白刺寄生体中真菌类群的差异性分布表明寄生关系对内生真菌群落存在一定影响.  相似文献   

8.
濒危植物南川升麻生殖特性的研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
研究了南川升麻的生殖生物学特性,并探讨了其致濒的原因。南川升麻只分布在中国四川省金佛山地区,仅1个居群,个体总数6000 ̄8000株,其中开花植株约占19%左右;花序圆锥状,花期8月中至10月初,11月中下旬果实成熟。南川升麻雌雄异熟,表现为大约花谢7d后柱头才发育成熟;自然条件下可正常受精,但频率低,结籽率平均仅为5.8% ̄7.0%,可授期内人工异株授粉,结籽率可提高到28.0%;胚乳核型,种子  相似文献   

9.
广东省国家级珍稀濒危保护植物及其分布   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
广东省境内目前有第一批国家重点保护的珍稀濒危植物共59种,其中蕨类植物1种、裸子植物10种、被子植物48种;确定为濒危的9种、渐危的34种、稀有的16种;被列为一、二、三级重点保护的分别有1种、22种和36种。根据它们在广东境内的分布范围,可将它们划分为广布种、间断分布种和偶见种三种分布类型。珍稀濒危植物在广东各地的分布明显不均匀,以粤北、粤西种类最多,部分市县种类达20多种,而粤东则最少。已建立的以森林生态系统为主的自然保护区是珍稀濒危植物逃脱灭绝境地的天然避难所。  相似文献   

10.
Dark septate endophytes of the Phialocephala fortinii s.l. – Acephala applanata species complex (PAC) are presumed to be the most abundant root colonizing endophytes of conifers across the Northern hemisphere. To test the competitiveness of different PAC strains, PAC-free Picea abies saplings were inoculated with five different PAC strains by planting them in pre-colonized substrates. Saplings were left to grow for six weeks and then transplanted crosswise into a substrate colonized by one of the other four strains for a further two weeks. PAC were isolated and genotyped using microsatellite markers. The power of colonization, i.e. the ability of colonizing roots already colonized by another PAC strain, and the power of retention, i.e. the ability of a resident strain of not being suppressed by an invading PAC strain, were calculated for each strain in every combination. The experiment was run twice under two different climatic conditions. Our results show that PAC strains differ (1) in their ability to colonize PAC-free, non-sterile roots, (2) in resistance against being suppressed by another PAC strain and (3) in their ability to invade roots already colonized by another PAC strain. In addition, both the PAC–PAC and the PAC-host interactions depend on the climatic conditions.  相似文献   

11.
植物内生菌研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
内生菌由于生长于植物体内且不引起植物病害所以不易被发现,它是一类具有高实用价值的植物内生微生物。经过人们的不断研究,越来越多的植物内生菌被发现,其活性代谢产物的优势也得到了更多研究者的认可。综述了国内外有关植物内生菌研究的主要成果和进展,并从植物内生菌的发现、研究历史、多样性、生理生化特性以及植物内生菌与宿主植物间的作用关系等多个层次进行了概述,以期为植物内生菌相关研究提供参考。  相似文献   

12.
濒危植物矮沙冬青减数分裂期染色体行为的观察   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
用涂片法和酶解法,观察了濒危植物矮沙冬青的减数分裂过程。在减数分裂双线期末或终变期初,可以观察到9个二价体,在中期Ⅰ末至后期Ⅰ初,同源染色体基本排列在赤道板上,然后在纺锤丝的牵引下二价体的两条同源染色体分开,分别移向两极,每一极有9条染色体,从而确认该属植物的染色体基数为x=9。在矮沙冬青减数分裂过程中,没有发现染色体有异常行为,认为其小孢子形成过程正常。因此认为矮沙冬青濒危不是染色体行为异常和小孢子发育不正常而造成的。  相似文献   

13.
植物内生菌及其防治植物病害的研究进展   总被引:78,自引:0,他引:78       下载免费PDF全文
石晶盈  陈维信  刘爱媛 《生态学报》2006,26(7):2395-2401
综述了植物内生菌及其防治植物病害的研究进展.植物内生菌分布广,种类多,几乎存在于所有目前已研究过的陆生及水生植物中,目前全世界至少已在80个属290多种禾本科植物中发现有内生真菌,在各种农作物及经济作物中发现的内生细菌已超过120种.感染内生菌的植物宿主往往具有生长快速、抗逆境、抗病害、抗动物危害等优势,比未感染内生菌的植株更具生存竞争力.植物内生菌的防病机理主要表现在通过产生抗生素类,水解酶类,植物生长调节剂和生物碱类物质,与病原菌竞争营养物质,增强宿主植物的抵抗力以及诱导植物产生系统抗性等途径抑制病原菌生长.另外,对植物内生真菌和内生细菌的分离、筛选和检测方法;利用植物内生菌控制植物病害的途径如人工接种内生菌,利用内生菌代谢产生的抗生素以及将内生菌作为基因工程的载体菌等进行了综述.同时,对植物内生菌作为生物防治因子未来发展前景及存在的问题进行了讨论.利用植物内生菌作为生物防治因子进行大田防病,需要考虑它的病理学、生态学和形态学等方面的影响.  相似文献   

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15.
沙棘属植物弗兰克氏菌研究进展   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
张爱梅  殷一然  孙坤 《微生物学通报》2020,47(11):3933-3944
弗兰克氏菌(Frankia spp.)能够与沙棘等非豆科植物形成根瘤进行共生固氮,其固氮效率远远高于豆科植物根瘤菌,与沙棘共生的弗兰克氏菌还能够促进沙棘对旱寒等各种不同生境的适应性,是自然界一类具有开发潜力的放线菌资源。为了更好地开发利用弗兰克氏菌资源,推进弗兰克氏菌分类鉴定工作,加强弗兰克氏菌与寄主植物共生结瘤固氮的机制研究,促使弗兰克氏菌在农业生产中得到尽快应用,本文简要介绍沙棘属(Hippophae L.)物种多样性、结瘤状况与分布特点、沙棘根瘤形态结构与功能、弗兰克氏菌物种多样性与分布特征,讨论弗兰克氏菌的结瘤机制、生理生态效应与作用机制以及影响沙棘属植物与弗兰克氏菌共生的主要因子,以期为进一步开展沙棘属植物弗兰克氏菌的系统研究提供有价值的参考。  相似文献   

16.
17.
孑遗植物沙冬青的研究进展与展望   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
沙冬青源于第三纪,是亚洲中部荒漠地带唯一的常绿阔叶灌木,属于阿拉善-鄂尔多斯生物多样性中心的特有种.沙冬青在对历史环境演变的长期适应过程中,逐渐形成了独特的超旱生结构和抗逆机理,是特种基因片断的稀有载体,在研究古地理、古气候、植物系统发育和荒漠地区生物多样性变化中具有重要的中介意义,也是特种植物化学成分(生物碱和高活性植物抗冻蛋白)研究、提取和转接的珍贵材料.沙冬青四季常绿,抗旱抗寒,防风固沙能力强,是干旱沙区治沙造林和园林绿化中难得的树种.沙冬青种子可提取特种工业用油,枝、叶可入药,能祛风、活血、止痛,外用主治冻疮、慢性风湿性关节炎等.  相似文献   

18.
杭州石荠苧Mosla hangchowensis)蒸腾的生理生态学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
根据连续3年的野外种群生态和生理生态学研究中发现的问题,研究了控制条件下杭州石荠蒸腾的生理生态特征。结果表明:1)杭州石荠的蒸腾日进程曲线峰高随土壤含水量(θ)的降低而降低;2)蒸腾速率(Tr)与空气相对湿度在饱和与中湿土壤上为负相关,而在干旱土壤上为正相关,体现了该种在土壤干旱时的自我保护机制;3)薄云、多水汽和中午多云的晴天,日蒸腾量均较低,分别为2.6和2.8molg-1d-1,典型晴天的日蒸腾量较高,为3.4molg-1d-1;4)在遮荫(40%全光照)条件下,Tr平均降低76%,且Tr对气温、湿度的响应程度小于全光照条件,对光强的响应则大于全光照条件;5)当气温为15~18℃时,在诸环境因子中Tr只与θ有关。该种的水分生理生态特性十分特别,具有从中生到旱生植物的某些生理生态特性。上述结果解释了杭州石荠种群占据现有生态位——向阳开阔地薄土生境的生理生态机制,分析了其不能向厚土生境扩展分布地的原因。  相似文献   

19.
    
Aspects of the reproductive biology of Cimicifuga nanchuanensis Hsiao have been studied to shed light on the endangerment of this species, endemic to Jingfo Mountain in Sichuan Province of China. The only one population of C. nanchuanensis includes 6 000 ~ 8 000 individuals, in which adult blooming plants accoum for 19%. Inflorescence is panicle,flowering period lasts from mid August to early October and fruits ripe in mid or late November. C. nanchuanensis is dichogamous and the stigmas mature 7 days after withering of flower. In natural conditions the rate of seed-setting is 5.8% ~ 7.0% in average. However, hand pollination can raise the rate greatly to 28.0%. Endosperm type is nuclear and embryos are just at the globular stage when seeds shed from their maternal plants. Pollen limitation is one of the reasons for this species endangerment.  相似文献   

20.
内生菌协同宿主植物修复土壤复合污染的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
土壤复合污染日益严重,危及植物生长及人类发展,寻找修复土壤复合污染的有效方法已经成为环境领域的优先事项。复合污染指同一环境中存在两种或两种以上的污染物,分为复合重金属污染、复合有机污染物污染及重金属-有机污染物复合污染。近些年发现内生菌能定殖在植物中,并且被感染的植物不会引起任何外在病症,其主要通过促进宿主植物生长,改变植物摄取污染物能力和酶促降解污染物等方法增强植物修复能力。本文综述了具有复合重金属和复合有机污染抗性的内生菌种类及其作用机制,并展望了内生菌协同宿主植物修复环境中复合污染物的研究方向。  相似文献   

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