云南鳞毛蕨属毛柄组的分类研究

本文记载了云南产鳞毛蕨属植物18种,其中新种3种,云南新分布的种3种。对一些长期混淆不清的种还进行了分类学讨论。     

近40年陕西榆林地区鸟类组成和区系变化

2001~2013年,采用样线法和定点观察法对陕西省榆林地区鸟类进行了调查,并与1958~1980年鸟类资源调查结果进行比较。结果表明:2001~2013年共记录鸟类243种,隶属于18目53科;较1958~1980年调查结果(148种,隶属于17目47科)增加95种。其中,新增加了陕西省鸟类新纪录3种。从动物地理区划来看,古北界增加了75种,东洋界增加了10种,广布种增加了18种;从居留型情况来看,留鸟增加了26种,夏候鸟增加了20种,冬候鸟增加了16种,旅鸟增加了31种。同时,分析了全球气候变暖和生态环境变化下,陕西榆林地区鸟类组成、区系和生态分布上的变化。     

皇菊不同部位挥发油化学成分比较分析北大核心CSCD

通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪鉴定分析了皇菊不同部位挥发油的化学成分,以峰面积归一化法进行了定量分析。结果表明:从皇菊叶、茎、根和花4个不同部位挥发油中各检测出了45、32、29和39种成分,共检测出了90种物质,包括烃类、醇类、酮类、酯类、氧化物类及醛类化合物,其中烃类48种、醇类29种、酮类4种、酯类3种、氧化物类3种及醛类2种。他们共有成分仅有3种,此外,还检测到一些特有的成分,叶有18种、茎有7种、根有10种和花有20种。     

中国菊科植物外来种概述

全面整理了中国菊科植物外来种,确认迄今为止共计有74属 148 种(含亚种),并根据外来种的类型和用途进行了归类,分析了菊科外来入侵种的生物学特性,中国菊科外来种引种原因和途径及对我国生态系统的影响,为全面研究我国外来种、消除外来入侵种提供参考。     

内蒙古黑里河自然保护区大型真菌名录

对采自内蒙古自治区赤峰市宁城县黑里河自然保护区大型真菌标本500余份进行鉴定,共鉴定出179种,隶属45科87属,其中子囊菌16种,担子菌163种,内蒙古新记录种7种。食用菌92种,药用菌67种,其中38种有抑制肿瘤作用,毒菌25种。文中对新记录种进行了简单描述并对部分种进行了简要讨论。     

中国半实衣属和灰线衣属（文字衣科）的初步研究

对中国半实衣属和灰线衣属地衣进行了分类学研究,共鉴定出7个种,其中半实衣属4种,灰线衣属3种。报道了采自海南的一新种——双砖孢半实衣Hemithecium duomurisporum和一中国新记录种——交织半实衣H. implicatum。给出了这些种的检索表和全部种的地衣体特征照片。     

云南马兜铃属的修订

本文报道了云南马兜铃属一新种和二个新纪录种,并归并了三个种。     

滨州市蝗虫发生规律研究初报

通过1989—2008年的系统普查与探讨,查明滨州市蝗虫种类总科共18种,隶属于6科15属;分布于农田、夹荒、荒洼、特殊环境4个生态环境;明确了各生态环境、各个时期的优势种,常见种和少见种,及各蝗种的区系性质;明确了7种优势蝗种和2种少见种的生活史及习性。     

江苏省外来种子植物的初步调查和分析

对江苏省外来种子植物的种类、来源地及分布状况进行了初步调查统计。调查结果显示,江苏省共有外来种子植物393种,大多数来源于欧洲和美洲,主要通过有意引种和无意引入2种方式引入。有意引种的栽培植物有276种,其中观赏植物132种、蔬菜46种、林木35种、工业原料植物17种、药用植物12种、牧草植物11种、粮食作物11种、果树7种以及油料作物5种。另外,外来种子植物中有逃逸种62种、归化种22种、入侵种33种;81．8％的入侵种在江苏全省均有分布;入侵种以菊科（Compositae）和禾本科（Poaceae）植物为主,分别有11种和7种。在此调查结果基础上,对江苏省外来种子植物的分类和危害进行了讨论,并对江苏省外来物种的利用和管理提出了一些建议。     

深圳大鹏半岛种子植物资源调查

深圳大鹏半岛有野生种子植物158科565属952种,其中裸子植物5科5属6种;被子植物153科560属946种。该区域的森林植被可分为2个植被型6个群系,并对代表类群进行了描述。统计结果表明,该区域内有药用：植物636种、观赏植物256种、蜜源植物102种、野生果树86种、纤维植物80种、油脂植物50种、芳香植物42种、有毒植物30种、单宁植物28种、淀粉植物21种、农药植物20种、染料植物12种。在对深圳大鹏半岛森林植被调查的基础上,对其资源特点进行了分析,并对其开发利用和保护提出了建议。     

Roles of species-preferential seed dispersal by ants and endozoochory in Melampyrum (Orobanchaceae)

Aims Melampyrum pratense and M. subalpinum are two myrmecochorous species, which possess similar habitat requirements and frequently occur together. Despite this, their population sizes differ markedly. Melampyrum pratense populations are usually very large, whereas M. subalpinum has rather small and isolated populations. We suggest that such an imbalance might be partially influenced by the difference in ant-mediated seed-removal rates. Genus Melampyrum is considered to be exclusively myrmecochorous, though to achieve the recent distribution of some Melampyrum species during the Holocene myrmecochory would be highly insufficient. We suggest that endozoochory takes place in the long-distance migration, whereas myrmecochory is important for the removal of seeds on a local scale.Methods For seed-preference analysis, M. pratense and M. subalpinum mixed seed samples were placed around Formica polyctena anthills. After a period of time, the remaining seeds of both species were counted for each sample. The results were analysed by analysis of variance and generalized linear mixed-effect model. To test myrmecochorous removal distances, M. pratense seeds were covered with fluorescent dactyloscopic powder and placed in the vicinity of a large ant trail. The area around the starting plot was searched in the dark using UV LED torchlight 7h after the beginning. The distance from the starting plot was measured for each seed found. Birds, rodents, leporine and a ruminant were fed with M. pratense seeds and fresh plants to test the possibility of endozoochorous dispersal of the species. Animal droppings were searched for intact seeds.Important findings Our field studies show that from mixed seed samples, containing both species, ants significantly preferred the seeds of M. pratense. This may be one of factors that has positive influence on M. pratense success in seed dispersal on mixed stands and consequently in the colonization of favourable sites. Experiments focusing on ant-mediated dispersal distance revealed that F. polyctena ants are able to move seeds over a distance of 36 m in only 7h. This distance is among the furthest known myrmecochorous removals of forest plant seeds. A new Melampyrum seed disperser Oligolophus tridens (Opiliones) was observed repeatedly. Our pilot study documented that Melampyrum seeds are able to pass through the digestive tract of a cow intact. This suggests that large ruminants such as deer, bison or forest-grazing livestock may function as important long-distance dispersers of Melampyrum species.     

云南植物点滴

本文将置于马鞭草科的静容花归并入玄参科的滇川山罗花,另重新组合线萼蜘蛛花为一新亚种。     

江西省种子植物区系新资料

报道了江西省植物分布新记录3种,均发现于井冈山地区,分别为：肾萼金腰Chrysosplenium delavayi Franch.、圆苞山罗花Melampyrum laxum Miq.和窄叶马铃苣苔Oreocharis argyreia Chun ex K. Y. Pan var. angustifolia K. Y. Pan。     

安徽产两种山罗花属植物及其居群叶的微形态比较

利用离析法、扫描电镜和石蜡切片法对安徽产2种3居群山罗花属植物的叶进行了微形态比较研究,结果表明：该属植物叶表皮细胞形状为不规则形,垂周壁呈波状、深波状至重波状;表皮细胞内含叶绿体;角质层具条状纹饰;表皮上有表皮毛和腺毛分布,扫描电镜下表皮毛具瘤状突起的纹饰;栅栏组织只有1层,排列比较疏松,海绵组织有发达的胞间隙;气孔器多为无规则型,极少数仅有一个副卫细胞,仅分布于下表皮,扫描电镜下气孔外拱盖内缘近光滑或浅波状。2种植物在垂周壁式样、表皮毛密度、气孔器长宽比、栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度比以及中脉的结构特征等具有明显的差异,而山罗花3居群间的差异不明显。     

Obtention with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of gene rbcL in the scrophulariaceae holoparasite Lathraea clandestina L. Comparison with autotroph Digitalis purpurea L. and Melampyrum pratense L.]

Amyloplastid DNA was extracted from the Scrophulariaceae holoparasite Lathraea clandestina L. and then purified. An rbcL gene amplification was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Two regions of well conserved sequences in Tobacco, Spinach and Maize rbcL gene have been used as primers. PCR yields a sequence of about 1,230 base pairs, almost nine tenths of the rbcL coding region. Identical results were obtained with plastid DNAs from Tobacco and two other species of Scrophulariaceae: the non-parasitic Digitalis purpurea L. and the hemiparasite Melampyrum pratense L. PCR products were digested with BamHI restriction enzyme and no changes were shown in the localization of the restriction site whatever the species assayed. Identical restriction patterns were also observed with Tobacco and Digitalis PCR products restricted with PstI and KpnI, whereas Melampyrum and Lathraea exhibited a different restriction pattern with PstI. So, despite slight differences, some analogies between Lathraea and Digitalis or Tobacco gene were evidenced. Cloning and sequencing of these PCR products could give a more accurate response to the following question: to what extent have changes occurred in the rbcL gene in a plant which lacks chlorophyll?     

Morphometric and RAPD study of theMelampyrum sylvaticum group in the Sudeten, the Alps and Carpathians

TheMelampyrum sylvaticum group is a heterogeneous group at the inter- and infra-specific level. A wide range of morphological characters was examined on specimens collected for this study. The corolla size, the corolla colour and the anther length are considered the most important morphological characters at the interspecific taxonomic level. The morphological and molecular variation of theMelampyrum sylvaticum group in the Sudeten, Alps and Carpathians was analyzed. The morphometric study of European populations ofMelampyrum sylvaticum group partly clarified the pattern of the variation of selected characters in this region. The RAPD analysis manifests a very similar trend of the population grouping. The combined analysis of morphological and molecular data gives the most explicit results. Central European yellow flowering populations ofM. sylvaticum group form two distinctive groups. The first one is an exclusive type of the Alps and of the Hercynian Mountains (except the Sudeten). The second group has its centre of distribution in the eastern part of the Carpathians. This type was described asMelampyrum herbichii from the present Ukrainian Carpathians and was regarded to be endemic to the Eastern and Southern Carpathians. Populations from the Western Carpathians and Sudeten Mts. are polymorphic. They seem to be closer toM. herbichii based on the RAPD markers, whereas the morphology of most populations from these regions is closer toM. sylvaticum s.str. The bract shape seems to be important for discrimination between both groups of populations along with the flower characters and a modest ecological differentiation. The Eastern CarpathianMelampyrum saxosum with white corolla is very close toM. herbichii based on the studied morphological characters.     

Chromosomenzahlen einiger Angiospermen

Zusammenfassung Für 3 Scrophulariaceen und 1 Asteracee werden erstmals die Chromosomenzahlen mitgeteilt:Bellardia trixago (L.)All., 2n=24.Melampyrum bihariense Kern. var.roemeri (Ronn.)Nyar. 2n=18,Parentucellia latifolia (L.)Car. 2n=48 undCentaurea diomedea Gasp. 2n=18. Weiters werden die bisherigen Angaben über die Chromosomenzahlen weiterer 17 Angiospermen-Arten bestätigt.

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Summary The chromosome numbers of 3 species of the Scrophulariaceae and 1 species of the Asteraceae are reported for the first time:Bellardia trixago (L.)All. 2n=24,Melampyrum bihariense Kern. var.roemeri (Ronn.)Nyar. 2n=18,Parentucellia latifolia (L.)Car. 2n=48 andCentaurea diomedea Gasp. 2n=18. Furthermore the chromosome numbers of 17 species of Angiosperms could be verified.

     

Effects of an exotic plant and habitat disturbance on pollinator visitation and reproduction in a boreal forest herb

The invasion of exotic species into natural habitats is considered to be a major threat to biodiversity, and many studies have examined how exotic plants directly affect native plant species through competitive interactions for abiotic resources. However, although exotics can have potentially great ecological and evolutionary consequences, very few researchers have studied the effect of exotics on the interactions between plants and their mutualistic partners, such as pollinators, and none have reported on such impacts in logged and undisturbed boreal forest ecosystems. Here we show how experimental introductions of an exotic plant species (Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham) affect pollinator visitation and female reproductive success of a native plant (Melampyrum pratense L.) in recently disturbed (i.e., logged) and in undisturbed boreal forest habitats. The presence of Phacelia significantly increased the number of bumble bees entering plots in both habitat types. However, the exotic species had a strong negative impact on the visitation rate to the native species in both habitat types. Despite this negative impact on pollinator visitation, the exotic had no effect on female reproductive success of the native species in any habitat. Our results show that seed production may be more robust than pollinator visitation to exotic invasion, irrespective of habitat disturbance history.     

Systematisch-nomenklatorische Bemerkungen zur Flora Mitteleuropas mit Beziehungen zur südosteuropäischen Flora

The author enumerates all the critical taxonomical-nomenclatural notes to the results of his „Synopsis systematica-geobotanica Florae Vegetationisque Hungariae”︁, I. — V. (1964–1972), and, according to his view, such referring to the modern floras of central Europe (Hegi ed. 2 1957–1970, Janchen 1956–1960, 1963–1967, Rothmaler 1963, Schmeil-Fitschen edit. Rauh-Senghas 1968, Oberdorfer 1970, Hess-Landolt-Hirzel 1970, Dostál 1950, 1958, etc.). He reports on many species aggregates, critical species, and many new combinations. Often he makes references to the near related southeast and east European taxa. Specially he reports on some species of the genera Aconitum, Aquilegia, Centaurea, Dactylorhiza, Dianthus, Festuca, Galium, Melampyrum, Potentilla, Rhinanthus, Thymus, Valeriana, etc. He also deals with such hybrids occuring in central Europe but are missing in Janchen's and Rothmaler's floras.     

Investigations on the endogenous levels of abscisic acid in a range of parasitic phanerogams

The endogenous levels of abscisic acid in the parasitic phanerogamsArceuthobium oxycedri (DC) Bieb.,Cassytha filiformis L.,Lathraea squamaria L.,Melampyrum pratense L.,Orobanche hederae Duby., andViscum album L. were investigated. In general, the content of abscisic acid was high in parasites which deprive their hosts of both phloem- and xylem-transported substances and much lower in those that deprive their hosts of sap from the xylem only. Within the parasites studied in more depth (e.g.,Orobanche hederae, Lathraea squamaria, andMelampyrum pratense) the highest abscisic acid levels were found in their sink regions, especially in their inflorescences. It is suggested that a high concentration of abscisic acid is associated with plant tissues showing a high demand for phloem-transported substances. The possible role of abscisic acid in such tissues is discussed.