塞内卡病毒A结构蛋白VP2诱导PK-15细胞自噬的研究

本研究在塞内卡病毒A(Senecavirus A,SVA)诱导自噬的基础上,着重探究VP2蛋白在细胞自噬过程中的作用。构建VP2基因真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-VP2,将其转染至PK-15细胞,通过检测自噬蛋白和相关基因的表达情况,明确VP2蛋白对细胞自噬的影响。结果显示,本研究成功构建了pcDNA3.1-VP2真核表达载体,且SVA VP2基因在PK-15细胞中正常表达;与对照组相比,VP2蛋白显著上调LC3蛋白的表达水平（P<0.01）;同时,自噬基因LC3、Beclin-1和ATG5转录水平均显著提高（P<0.01）。综上所述,本研究证实SVA VP2蛋白可诱导PK-15细胞自噬,且VP2蛋白与自噬蛋白和基因表达水平呈正相关,为进一步研究病毒感染与致病机制打下基础。     

细胞自噬与病毒复制

细胞自噬是真核生物中一种高度保守的细胞内容物降解过程,在维持细胞的内环境稳定中起着重要作用。同时,自噬参与固有免疫系统对病原微生物的识别,以帮助吞噬细胞进行有效的吞噬作用并清除细胞内外的病原体。而病毒,尤其是RNA病毒,具有快速进化以应对宿主细胞中的变化的能力,能通过利用或抑制宿主细胞的自噬作用来为自身的复制服务。因此,针对自噬途径的药物筛选和治疗策略越来越成为抗病毒研究的热点。     

细胞自噬与病毒复制

细胞自噬是真核生物中一种高度保守的细胞内容物降解过程,在维持细胞的内环境稳定中起着重要作用。同时,自噬参与固有免疫系统对病原微生物的识别,以帮助吞噬细胞进行有效的吞噬作用并清除细胞内外的病原体。而病毒,尤其是RNA病毒,具有快速进化以应对宿主细胞中的变化的能力,能通过利用或抑制宿主细胞的自噬作用来为自身的复制服务。因此,针对自噬途径的药物筛选和治疗策略越来越成为抗病毒研究的热点。     

细胞自噬与病毒感染

自噬是广泛存在于真核细胞内的一种溶酶体依赖性降解途径,在维持细胞存活、更新、物质再利用和内环境稳定中起着重要作用。目前已经发现大量新的自噬相关基因,同时发现自噬在病毒感染过程中发挥着重要的抗病毒作用:自噬可以将胞质中的病毒转运到溶酶体中,降解病毒;也可以将病毒核酸转运至胞内感受器上激活天然免疫;还可以将病毒抗原递呈给MHCⅡ类分子激活适应性免疫。自噬参与胞内微生物感染具有双重作用。一方面,自噬能够降解入侵的微生物,即以异源吞噬(xenophagy)的方式清除胞内的病原体;另一方面,有些微生物能够通过某些机制逃避自噬而利于自身存活。本文就细胞自噬及其与不同病毒感染关系的最新研究进展进行综述。     

细胞自噬在HIV病毒发病机理中的作用

细胞自噬是真核细胞在长期进化过程中形成的一种自我保护机制．通过溶酶体途径将胞质蛋白和细胞器降解为小分子．从而为饥饿状态下的细胞提供能量。此外,细胞自噬还能清除入侵的病原性微生物,在天然性和适应性免疫中发挥重要作用。然而近年来研究发现,细胞自噬不仅不能清除HIV病毒,反而有助于HIV病毒的复-a4。此外,HIV病毒蛋白似乎能够阻断细胞自噬作用．促进CD4＋T淋巴细胞死亡和艾滋病的发生。简要介绍了细胞自噬的机制。以及细胞自噬在HIV病毒感染中的病理、生理作用。研究细胞自噬与HIV病毒之间的相互作用．有望发现治疗艾滋病的新靶点。     

呼吸道合胞病毒诱导细胞凋亡与自噬

呼吸道合胞病毒感染与细胞凋亡、自噬的关系错综复杂。研究发现呼吸道合胞病毒感染细胞后,既能产生促细胞凋亡作用,也能产生抗细胞凋亡作用,还能诱导细胞发生自噬。研究这些过程机理,能帮助我们更好地认识呼吸道合胞病毒感染发病机制,为预防和治疗呼吸道合胞病毒感染提供一些新的方向。     

肠道病毒感染诱导宿主细胞自噬的研究进展

细胞自噬是一种高度保守的生理代谢途径,是维持细胞稳态的重要过程。一些病毒已经进化出逃逸自噬依赖性降解的方法,甚至进化出利用自噬以促进自身复制的机制。肠道病毒感染细胞时,能激活自噬途径,诱导自噬体的形成。本文对肠道病毒感染与细胞自噬的研究概况与进展作一综述,为进一步解析肠道病毒感染与细胞自噬之间相互作用的机制提供参考。     

自噬与血管新生相关细胞因子

血管新生发生于机体多种生理病理过程中,已成为诸多病理过程的标志之一。自噬参与调节机体血管新生。在病变组织中,自噬不仅与血管形成密切相关,而且经调节血管新生向病理组织提供必要的氧与能量。通过抑制自噬可以抑制缺氧、能量缺乏等刺激诱导的血管新生。血管新生过程中相关细胞因子参与调节自噬而影响新生血管的形成。通过二者的作用,既可以促进血管新生,也可抑制血管新生,这种机制在机体生理和病理过程中具有重要的作用。本文从自噬通过血管新生细胞因子促进血管新生以及自噬通过血管新生细胞因子抑制血管新生两个方面概述了自噬在血管新生过程中的作用,为疾病的治疗提供新的思路与方法。     

PML Suppresses Influenza Virus Replication by Promoting FBXW7 Expression

Virologica Sinica - Influenza A viruses (IAV) are responsible for seasonal flu epidemics, which can lead to high morbidity and mortality each year. Like other viruses, influenza virus can hijack...     

猪塞尼卡谷病毒流行态势与诊断防控研究进展

塞尼卡谷病毒(Seneca valley virus,SVV)为小RNA病毒科塞尼卡病毒属的唯一成员,2002年首次发现于PER.C6细胞培养物中,被鉴定为细胞培养基中的污染物。最初SVV被用作溶瘤病毒进行肿瘤治疗研究。现已证实SVV感染猪能够引发原发性水泡病,引起猪的鼻吻、蹄部冠状带的水泡病变,同时伴有跛行、厌食、嗜睡和发烧等临床表现。与口蹄疫、猪水泡病和水泡性口炎引起的临床症状难以区分。2015-2017年期间,在美国、中国、泰国等多个国家暴发了SVV疫情,并且流行范围逐步扩大。针对该病的不断扩散,急需提出和制定有效的诊断与防控策略及措施。因此,一些新的诊断方法被不断开发出来,新的防控策略也在逐步建立。本文主要针对SVV最新的流行态势及特点、诊断与防控技术进行综述,旨在提供SVV最新研究进展,提高疾病防控及科研工作人员对该病的进一步认识和了解,为该病的防控提供理论依据和参考。     

Differential regulation of FBXW7 isoforms by various stress stimuli

Fbxw7 is a tumor suppressor mutated in a wide range of human cancers. It serves as the substrate recognition component of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligases, and intensive effort was made to identify its substrates. Some of the substrates are central regulators of the cell cycle, cell fate determination, and cellular survival. Unlike the many efforts aimed at identifying novel targets, little is known about the regulation of Fbw7 isoform expression. In this study, we examined the mRNA expression of different FBXW7 isoforms during the cell cycle and after exposure to various stress stimuli. We observed that Fbw7β is induced by all the stress stimuli tested, mostly, but not exclusively, in a p53-dependent manner. In fact, FBXW7β was found to be the most potently induced p53 target gene in HCT-116 cells. Expression of FBXWα and γ is p53-independent and their responsiveness to most stress stimuli is limited. Furthermore, their pattern of stress responsiveness is very different from that of the β isoform. Under certain conditions, the same genotoxic agent stimulates induction of β and repression of α. Analysis of FACS-sorted cells in specific phases of the cell cycle by using fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI), showed a significant repression of the γ isoform during the S phase of normal cycling HCT-116 cells. Altogether, this study suggests differential regulation of the 3 Fbw7 isoforms.     

miR-182靶向抑制FBXW7表达影响非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖研究

目的:研究microRNA-182(miR-182)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达,并探讨其对NSCLC细胞增殖的影响及作用机制。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)检测miR-182在11例NSCLC及相应癌旁组织中的表达情况;Western blot检测FBXW7,c-Jun,c-Myc及cyclin D蛋白的表达;将miR-182模拟物,抑制物及相应空白对照瞬时转染H460细胞后,以细胞增殖与活性检测和克隆形成实验检测细胞系的增殖情况;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡变化;荧光素酶报告基因实验证实miR-182对FBXW7的靶向性作用。结果:NSCLC组织中miR-182的相对表达水平显著高于癌旁组织(P0.05)。转染组与对照组相比,H460细胞生长、克隆形成能力显著增强,细胞周期进程加快,细胞凋亡受到抑制(P0.05)。在NSCLC组织中,FBXW7蛋白的表达水平明显低于癌旁组织(P0.05)。miR-182 mimics显著降低野生型FBXW7质粒荧光素酶的活性,然而将结合位点突变后,miR-182 mimics则不再影响荧光素酶的活性。结论:miR-182在NSCLC组织中高表达,与FBXW7之间存在靶向关系,通过下调FBXW7蛋白表达促进NSCLC细胞的增殖,参与肿瘤的发生发展,预示其可能成为一种潜在的生物标志和治疗靶点。     

FBXW7 Confers Radiation Survival by Targeting p53 for Degradation

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Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus eludes selective autophagy by activating a host cell kinase

Autophagy, a catabolic pathway of lysosomal degradation, acts not only as an efficient recycle and survival mechanism during cellular stress, but also as an anti-infective machinery. The human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was originally considered solely as an extracellular bacterium, but is now recognized additionally to invade host cells, which might be crucial for persistence. However, the intracellular fate of S. aureus is incompletely understood. Here, we show for the first time induction of selective autophagy by S. aureus infection, its escape from autophagosomes and proliferation in the cytoplasm using live cell imaging. After invasion, S. aureus becomes ubiquitinated and recognized by receptor proteins such as SQSTM1/p62 leading to phagophore recruitment. Yet, S. aureus evades phagophores and prevents further degradation by a MAPK14/p38α MAP kinase-mediated blockade of autophagy. Our study demonstrates a novel bacterial strategy to block autophagy and secure survival inside the host cell.     

The anti-angiogenesis role of FBXW7 in diabetic retinopathy by facilitating the ubiquitination degradation of c-Myc to orchestrate the HDAC2

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most prevalently occurring microvascular complication in diabetic patients that triggers severe visual impairments. The anti-angiogenesis role of FBXW7 has been identified in breast cancer. Therefore, this study intends to decipher the mechanism of FBXW7 in angiogenesis of DR. DR model was induced on mice using high-glucose (HG) and high-fat diet, and retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) isolated from normal mice were induced with HG, followed by evaluation of FBXW7, Ki67, HIF-1α and VEGF expression by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry or Western blot analysis. After gain- and loss-of-function assays in normal and DR mice, angiogenesis was assessed by CD31 fluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. After ectopic expression and silencing experiments in HG-induced RMECs, RMEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were, respectively, determined by EdU, Transwell and in vitro angiogenesis assays. The impact of FBXW7 on the ubiquitination of c-Myc was studied by cycloheximide chase assay and proteasome inhibition, and the binding of c-Myc to HDAC2 promoter by dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment. DR mice and HG-induced RMECs possessed down-regulated FBXW7 and up-regulated Ki67, HIF-1α and VEGF. Silencing FBXW7 enhanced angiogenesis in normal mouse retinal tissue, but overexpressing FBXW7 or silencing c-Myc diminished angiogenesis in DR mouse retinal tissue. Overexpressing FBXW7 or silencing c-Myc depressed proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in HG-induced RMECs. FBXW7 induced c-Myc ubiquitination degradation, and c-Myc augmented HDAC2 expression by binding to HDAC2 promoter. Conclusively, our data provided a novel sight of anti-angiogenesis role of FBXW7 in DR by modulating the c-Myc/HDAC2 axis.     

The FBXW7-SHOC2-Raptor Axis Controls the Cross-Talks between the RAS-ERK and mTORC1 Signaling Pathways

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