青桃利用单、复花芽结果对盛果期生长结实的影响

青桃盛果期,特别中庸偏旺的植株,单、复花芽果枝数大体均等,复花芽果枝以其复芽个体较大,枝条较粗而往往表现为优势。然而笔者于1974—1979年观察了青桃树以单、复花芽结果对盛果初期的影响,结果表明:利用单花芽结果,控制了强旺枝和结果部位,使果枝分布均匀,树势稳定,尤其果枝数、花芽数、单株产量等的变动趋势与年度增加无关,r为:-0.2899、0.0620(单、复花芽果枝数分别占总果枝数的35.1％和16.7％),-0.3830、-0.1804(单、复花芽朵数分别占总花芽朵数的44.5％和13.4％),0.4093(单株年产量为179.4公斤,从而延长了盛果期;利用复花芽结果却相反,促进树势极性生长,旺枝增强,果枝外移,内膛空虚,尤其果枝数、花芽数、单株产量等的变动趋势随年度增加而呈显著与极显著负相关,r为:-0.8938~(**)、-0.9818~(**)(单、复花芽果枝数分别占总果枝数的27.1％和21.1％),-0.953~(**)、-0.8908~(**)(单、复花芽朵数占总花芽朵数的35.3％和6.8％).-0.8853~(**)(单株产量较单花芽结果减产19.4％),从而明显缩短盛果期。     

RENEWAL OF CELLS WITHIN TASTE BUDS

Colchicine blocks mitotic division of the epithelial cells surrounding the taste bud of the rat tongue. Response to chemical stimulation decreases 50 per cent 3 hours after colchicine injection as measured by recording the electrical activity from the taste nerve bundle. Radioautography, using tritiated thymidine, shows that those epithelial cells surrounding the taste bud divide and that some of the daughter cells enter the taste bud and slowly move toward the center. The life span of the average cell is about 250 ± 50 hours, although some cells have a much shorter and others a much longer life span. These studies suggest that the cells within the taste bud, as well as the nerves, undergo considerable change with time. Corresponding changes in function are considered.     

赤霉素对大岩桐花蕾离体培养直接再生花芽的影响(简报)

植物经过一定时期的营养生长(或感受外界信号)后,就能产生成花刺激物。成花刺激物被运输到茎尖,诱导发生一系列的反应。随后其分生组织在一定时期内处于一个相对稳定的状态,即成花决定态。植物成花决定态建立的过程称为成花决定。对     

IN VITRO CULTURE OF FLORAL BUDS OF AQUILEGIA

Tepfer, S. S., R. I. Greyson, W. R. Craig, and J. L. Hindman. (U. Oregon, Eugene.) In vitro culture of floral buds of Aquilegia. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(10): 1035–1045. Illus. 1963.—Floral buds at various stages of development, from early stages before sepal initiation to late stages with young carpel primordia present, were grown in culture on various agar media. A basic medium containing White's minerals, Nitsch's trace elements, coconut milk, sucrose, and assorted water-soluble vitamins was developed for growth of the buds. The addition of indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid, and kinetin to the basic medium extended the developmental limits of buds at nearly all stages and decidedly improved the continued development of carpels. On this medium buds produce all of their organ primordia, growing from early stages to about the size of flowers at anthesis, but will not develop unless the sepals are removed. This inhibiting effect of sepals is not understood at this time. Stamen development is consistently poor beyond the point of differentiation of anther and filament, even with the addition of hormones. The development of buds in culture is illustrated and compared with development in intact plants. With further improvement of the medium, it is hoped that these buds may be used for experiments testing theories of floral morphogenesis.     

EFFECTS OF GROWTH SUBSTANCES ON EXCISED FLORAL BUDS OF AQUILEGIA

Buds at various stages of development were grown for 3 weeks on solid media containing coconut milk, minerals, vitamins, sucrose, and varying quantities of gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, and kinetin. The best average growth was obtained on media containing GA at 2.0 mg/liter, IAA at 1.0 mg/liter, and kinetin at 0.05 mg/liter. When results were compared for buds explanted at very young stages and at older stages, however, young buds attained better average growth on media with 0.5 mg/liter of IAA. Evidence is presented for interaction between IAA and kinetin. With buds explanted at young stages, as the kinetin concentration was increased, optimum growth occurred on media with increasing concentrations of IAA. With older buds, on the other hand, as the kinetin concentration was increased, optimum growth occurred on decreasing concentrations of IAA. Bud growth was compared on media with growth substances sterilized by autoclaving with growth on similar media with these substances filter-sterilized. Better growth occurred generally on the media with filter-sterilized ingredients. A long-range objective of this research is the development of a system that would make possible quantitative measurements of floral development in vitro.     

THE DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY OF LONG-BRANCH TERMINAL BUDS OF PINUS BANKSIANA

A study of the composition of long-branch terminal buds (LBTB) of Pinus banksiana Lamb. and the yearly periodicity associated with their formation, development, and elongation was undertaken. Each LBTB has lateral bud zones and zones of cataphylls lacking axillary buds. When present, staminate cone primordia differentiate from the lowest lateral buds in the lowest lateral bud zone of the LBTB. Ovulate cone primordia and lateral long-branch buds can differentiate from the upper lateral buds in any lateral bud zone. When both types of buds are present, lateral long-branch buds are uppermost. Dwarf-branch buds occur in all lateral bud zones. During spring LBTB internodes elongate, new cataphylls are initiated, dwarf branches elongate, needles form and elongate, pollen forms and is released, and ovulate cones are pollinated. During summer buds form in the axils of the newly formed cataphylls. By early fall the new LBTB are in overwintering condition and the four types of lateral buds are discernable. The cytohistological zonation of the LBTB shoot apex is similar to that of more than 20 other conifer species. Cells in shoot apices of pine are usually arranged in distinct zones: apical initials, subapical initials, central meristem, and peripheral meristem. Periclinal divisions occur in the surface cells of the apex; therefore no tunica is present. At any given time, shoot apex volume and shape vary among LBTB in various positions on a tree. In any one LBTB on a tree, shoot apex shape changes from a low dome during spring to a high dome during summer to an intermediate shape through fall and winter.     

CAVITY FORMATION IN WINTER BUDS OF PINUS BANKSIANA

The formation of a cavity between the rib meristem and the pith in winter buds of Pinus banksiana is described. Necrosis of cells at the juncture of the rib meristem and pith begins in November, and by mid-March the necrotic region enlarges, forming a cavity that separates the rib meristem from the pith. The cavity appears to be formed by autolysis, rather than a pulling apart of the cells. The function of the cavity remains speculative.