Phenylpropanoid amides from the roots of Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Solanum melongena L. led to the isolation of 16 phenylpropanoid amides (1–16). Their structures were identified by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with those reported in the literature. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of N-trans-sinapoyloctopamine (9) and N-trans-caffeoyloctopamine (10). N-trans-feruloylnoradrenline (12) and N-cis-feruloylnoradrenline (16) were isolated from the genus Solanum for the first time. Four compounds including 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethyl] acrylamide (5), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethyl] acrylamide (6), N-trans-p-coumaroylnoradrenline (11), and N-cis-p-coumaroyloctopamine (15) were firstly reported from S. melongena. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.     

药用资源植物山莨菪的转录组信息分析

为了增强对资源植物山莨菪的深入了解,本研究采用高通量测序技术对山莨菪进行转录组测序分析,经过处理得到71 463个Unigenes。通过与多个数据库进行比对,对基因进行分类和分析注释,最终成功获得注释的基因有47 624条。将Unigenes比对到KOG蛋白质库中,有13 110个基因被注释,共有26个子类;比对到NR库中后有39 621个Unigenes被注释;转录本与Swissprot、Tr EMBL的比对结果得到GO功能注释信息,注释得到的29 309个Unigenes可被分为分子功能、生物学过程和细胞组分3个大类,62个子类;以KEGG数据库为参考,3 679条基因被注释,参与的代谢通路可归为4个大类,分别是代谢相关的通路、遗传信息处理、细胞过程、环境信息处理,其中与代谢相关的通路最多,约占所有代谢通路的一半。对山莨菪的药用活性成分的代谢通路及相关Unigenes数量和类型的统计结果表明,与生物碱相关的代谢通路最多,萜类和苯丙素类所对应的Unigenes数量最多。另外,结果还检测到31 382个SNP位点,6种SSR重复类型,其中单碱基重复类型所占的比例最高,每百万碱基中出现的单碱基重复的SSR个数有56. 52个,占45. 30%。该结果丰富了山莨菪的转录组信息数据,为该物种分子生物学方面的研究奠定了基础,有助于进一步开展对山莨菪的合理保护及开发利用工作。     

山莨菪(茄科)的传粉生物学

茄科的多数种类具有自交不亲和的特点, 主要通过异花传粉结实; 但是, 一些物种或者物种内的部分种群或者个体却高度自交亲合, 转变为自交的繁育系统。该科植物山莨菪(Anisodus tanguticus)主要分布在青藏高原, 开花较早, 比其他晚开花的植物种类更加缺少有效的异花传粉昆虫。我们选择了位于不同海拔高度的2个种群进行比较研究, 主要目的是检验该物种的繁育系统是否在极端环境下由于传粉者的缺乏而发生了部分改变。研究发现,山莨菪的花不完全雌性先熟, 柱头和花药间的平均距离随着花开放时间的延长而不断缩小, 但两者在多数花的单花花期结束时并没有发生接触。因此, 山莨菪花主要表现为适应异花传粉的雌雄异位特征。然而, 少数花 (4.9％)的柱头和花药发生接触, 为“自动自交”的传粉解除了空间隔离。2个种群的多数个体存在自交不亲和机制, 应具有异花传粉的繁育系统; 但是部分个体具有明显的自交亲和能力, 为自交提供了生理基础。高海拔种群的传粉昆虫主要是厕蝇(Fannia sp.), 它们在不同植株间的活动能够保证异花传粉结实; 同时该种群的部分个体存在“自动自交”。低海拔种群的主要访花昆虫是蚂蚁, 它们在花内的活动导致花粉在同一朵花内传递, 而引起“协助自交”; 而异花传粉昆虫厕蝇的访花频率则较高海拔种群低。两个种群的结实均由于异花传粉者不足而受到传粉限制。因此两种不同类型的自交机制为该早期开花植物异花访花昆虫的不足提供了一定程度上的繁殖补偿。     

Chemotaxonomic significance of sesquiterpenes and amide derivatives from Chloranthus angustifolius Oliv.

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Chloranthus angustifolius Oliv. (Chloranthaceae) resulted in the isolation and characterization of seven sesquiterpenes (1–7) and six amide derivatives (8–13). All structures were established based on analysis of their spectroscopic data. This is the first report of compounds 2 and 8–13 from the family Chloranthaceae, and the first report of compounds 3–5 from C. angustifolius. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.     

山莨菪植物体内4种莨菪烷类生物碱含量的变化

为了对山莨菪植物资源进行可持续利用,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术对山莨菪植物体内4种莨菪烷类生物碱同时进行了定量测定,将4种生物碱很好地分离开来,大大缩短了出峰时间;并对这4种生物碱含量随着物候的变化进行了分析研究。研究结果表明：4种生物碱含量与物候的关系呈抛物线变化,樟柳碱在山莨菪植物体内含量最高,地上部分4种生物碱均在花盛期含量最高,地下部分不同的生物碱含量最高点则对应不同的物候期。     

New sesquiterpenoid and aliphatic glycoside from the roots of Datura metel L.

Three new compounds (1–3), were isolated from the 70%-EtOH extract of the roots of Datura metel L., along with thirty-six knowns (4–39). Their chemical structures were established based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HR-ESI-MS, ¹D NMR, and ²D NMR as well as comparison with the data reported in the literature. Compounds 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 19-23, 27, 29, 31, and 34 were isolated from Solanaceae for the first time and compounds 4, 5, 9, 17, 18, and 26 were firstly isolated from the genus Datura. Moreover, compounds 1, 5, 9, 12, 13, 17, 23, 24, 28, 37, and 39 showed potential anti-inflammatory activities (IC₅₀ <45 μM).     

山莨菪的休眠芽培养及植株再生

1 植物名称 山莨菪[Anisodustanguticus（Maxim．）Pascher],别名甘青山莨菪。 2材料类别休眠芽（春季取材）。     

唐古特莨菪根水提取液对小麦淀粉酶的影响

高浓度的莨菪根水提取液对小麦种子的萌发,幼苗生长和α-淀粉酶活性具有明显的抑制作用。浓度降低或萌发时间延长,不再表现出明显的抑制作用。低浓度的提取液对小麦的根、生物量及α-淀粉酶活性具有促进作用。并探讨了莨菪根水提取液影响小麦α-淀粉酶活性的机理。     

Chemical constituents from the roots of Fallopia multiflora var. Ciliinerve

Phytochemical investigations on the roots of Fallopia multiflora var. Ciliinerve led to the isolation of eighteen compounds, including six chromones [2-methyl-5- carboxymethyl-7-hydroxychromone (1), 2-methyl-5-methylcarboxymethyl-7- hydroxychromone (2), 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone (3), 2-methyl-5-hydroxymeth-yl-7-hydroxychromone (4), 2-methyl-5-carboxylicacid-7-hydroxy-chromone (5), and 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6)], three lignans [Isolariciresinol (8), 5-[4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethylbutyl]-1,3-benzodioxole (9), and isolariciresinol-9-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (10)], four anthraquinones [physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), Rhein (13), and Chrysophanol (14)], three isobenzofurans [5,7-dihydroxy-isobenzofuran (15), 5-methoxy-7-hydroxy-isobenzofuran (16), and 5-methoxy-isobenzofuran-7-O-β-D-glucoside (17)], one phenolic acid [2,5-diacethylhy-droquinone (7)], and one pyran [Zanthopyranone (18)]. Among them, compounds 1, 3, 6, 13 and 14 were reported from F. multiflora var. Ciliinerve for the first time, compounds 2, 8, 10 and 15–17 were isolated from the genus Fallopia for the first time, and compounds 4, 9 and 18 were isolated for the first time from Polygonaceae family. Furthermore, the isolation of compounds 5 and 7 were reported for the first time in plants. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and compared with those previously published. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds has also been discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the roots of cultivated Ilex pubescens

Phytochemical study of butanol extract from the roots of cultivated Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. obtained nine ursane triterpenes (1–9), two oleanane triterpenes (10–11) and three phenylpropanoids (12–14). All of the compounds were determined on the basis of MS and NMR and comparison with literature. Among them, compounds 2 and 13 were isolated from I. pubescens for the first time, of which 13 was a new finding in the Aquifoliaceae family. Our present study exhibited the taxonomic relationships between I. pubescens and other species in genus Ilex and those between Aquifoliaceae and other families. Furthermore, the study suggested the cultivated I. pubescens may be as an alternative for those wild resource collected freshly from mountain.     

Chemical constituents from the rhizome of Menispermum dauricum DC. and their chemotaxonomic significance

The phytochemical investigations on the rhizome of Menispermum dauricum DC. led to the isolation of 18 compounds, including eleven alkaloids (1–11), four amides (12–15) and three fatty acids (16–18). All chemical structures were established on the basis of NMR (¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR) spectroscopic data. Meanwhile, compounds 5–6, 9–10 and 13–18 are reported for the first time from Menispermum genus, as well as the rhizome of Menispermum dauricum DC. Notably, this is the first study to report compounds 10, 15–18 from the family Menispermaceae. These compounds laid the foundation for the chemical classification of this species.     

Phytoconstituents from the leaves of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen

Five flavonoids, four feruloyl amide derivatives, pinoresinol, lanost-9-en-3β-ol and three steroids from the leaves of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen. Of these, compound 4 was identified as a new homoisoflavanone. This publication is the first reported purification of compounds 3, 4, 6–12 from D. cochinchinensis. We also indicate the chemotaxonomic importance of these metabolites.     

Chemical constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Silene tatarinowii Regel

Chemical investigation of the root and rhizome of Silene tatarinowii Regel led to the isolation of nine ecdysteroids (1–9) and one sterol (10). All the compounds were determined on the basis of MS and NMR and by comparison with those in the literature. All these compounds were isolated from S. tatarinowii for the first time. Furthermore, compounds 7–10 were isolated from Silene genus for the first time, of which compounds 7 and 8 were isolated from Caryophyllaceae family members for the first time. This is the first study to report the chemical constituents of S. tatarinowii and the chemotaxonomic relationships between Silene and other genera of Caryophyllaceae.     

Chemical constituents from the roots of Euphorbia nematocypha Hand.-Mazz.

A new myrsinol-type diterpene (1), three myrsinol-type diterpenes (2–4), three ent-abietane-type diterpenes (5–7), one tigliane-type diterpene (8), two cycloartane-type triterpenes (9–10), and two tirucallane-type triterpenes (11–12) were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia nematocypha Hand.-Mazz. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature. Compound 12 was isolated and reported from plants for the first time. All compounds were isolated from E. nematocypha for the first time.     

Chemical constituents isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Smilacina japonica

Phytochemical investigation of the roots and rhizomes of Smilacina japonica A. Gray led to the isolation of 16 compounds, including six steroidal saponins (1-6), one amide (7), one fatty alcohol (8), one steroidal sapogenin (9), two flavones (10-11), one glycoside (12), one phenol (13), one aliphatic acid (14), and two sterols (15-16). All of these compounds were isolated for the first time from the roots and rhizomes of S. japonica while compounds 1-13 were identified for the first time from the genus Smilacina, of which compounds 9, 11, and 13 were isolated from the Liliaceae family for the first time. Furthermore, the isolation of compound 9 was reported for the first time in plants. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and compared previously published data. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds has also been discussed.     

Flavonoids and phenolic acids from the roots of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep

Phytochemical study on the roots of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. led to the isolation of fifteen compounds, including eleven flavonoids (1–11) and four phenolic acids (12–15). The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on NMR and HR-ESIMS analysis, further supported by comparison with previous literatures. Among them, compounds 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 13 were firstly discovered from S. tonkinensis, compound 8 was firstly discovered from the genus Sophora. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of the obtained compounds was discussed in detail.     

Phenolic constituents from the roots of Rosa laevigata (Rosaceae)

Chemical investigation of the root of Rosa laevigata led to the isolation of sixteen phenolic compounds, including seven flavonoids (1–7), five condensed tannins (8–12), two stilbenes (13 and 14) and two benzoic acid derivatives (15 and 16). Their structures were identified as (+)-catechin (1), (+)-gallocatechin (2), (2R, 3S, 4S)-cis- leucocyanidin (3), (2R, 3S, 4S)-cis-leucofisetinidin (4), (2S, 3R, 4R)-cis- leucofisetinidin (5), dehydrodicatechin A (6), phloridzin (7), procyanidin B3 (8), fisetinidol-(4α, 8)-catechin (9), guibourtinidol- (4α, 8)-catechin (10), ent- isetinidol -(4α, 6)-catechin (11), fisetinidol-(4β, 8)-catechin (12), (Z)-3-methoxy-5-hydroxy- stilbene (13), (Z)-piceid (14), gallic acid (15) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid- 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16). Among them, compounds 3–7, 9–14, and 16 were isolated from R. laevigata for the first time, and compounds 3–7, 9, 10, 12–14 and 16 were reported for the first time from the genus Rosa. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.     

Chemical constituents from the roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn and their chemotaxonomic significance

Chemical investigation on the roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn afforded 15 compounds, including five linear furocoumarins (1–5), six angular pyranocoumarins (6–11), two simple coumarins (12 and 13), a benzaldehyde derivative (14), and a phenylpropanoid glycoside (15). The structures of these compounds were established via spectroscopic analysis and comparison of their NMR data with the literature. Compound 1 was a new linear furocoumarin glycoside, while compounds 10–12, 14 and 15 were isolated from P. praeruptorum for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was summarized herein.     

人工栽培山莨菪和野生山莨菪中4种托烷类生物碱含量的比较研究

为了评估人工栽培山莨菪的药用价值,采用高效液相色谱技术对人工栽培和野生山莨菪的地上部分和根中具有生物活性的4种托烷类生物碱：樟柳碱、山莨菪碱、东莨菪碱和阿托品的含量进行了测定。结果表明无论是人工栽培还是野生植物,地上部分中4种生物碱含量均远低于根,这解释了人们为什么用山莨菪的根而不是整株人药。在栽培植物的根中,一年生山莨菪中各生物碱含量均小于二年生山莨菪,其根中4种生物碱总量与野生根相比差异不是很明显;二年生山莨菪根中,4种生物碱总量以及樟柳碱、东莨菪碱和阿托品含量均比野生的高。这说明人工栽培的山莨菪,尤其是二年生山茛菪,同野生山莨菪一样具有一定的药用价值。