对TMV不同抗性番茄品种叶绿体DNA的RAPD分析

本实验对ＴＭＶ抗性和敏感的两个番茄品种ｃｔ－ＤＮＡ进行ＲＡＰＤ分析,结果发现在２０个引物中有４个引物的扩增产物存在明显差异,共显示出１４条差异带。这可能是由于ｃｔ－ＤＮＡ碱基顺序变异或小片段ＤＮＡ插入或缺失造成的,深入研究将对探讨番茄抗ＴＭＶ的分子机理,进而用遗传工程方法培育抗病品种具有重要意义。     

小鼠金属硫蛋白ⅠcDNA编码序列的克隆及其在昆虫细胞中的表达

将质粒ＰＢＸ－ＭＴ上的小鼠ＭＴ－ⅠｃＤＮＡ片段切下作为模板,通过ＰＣＲ方法删除该片段的非编码序列,将编码序列克隆到质粒ＰＢＳ－ＳＫ中,经ＤＮＡ序列测定后证明其克隆序列正确,再将ＭＴ－ⅠｃＤＮＡ编码序列插入到转移载体ｐＢａｃＰＡＫ８的ＢａｍＨⅠ和ＥｃｏＲⅠ位点之间,通过磷酸钙／ＤＮＡ共转染方法将其导入昆虫细胞Ｓｆ９中,以Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ和ＤｏｔＥＩＡ方法对表达产物进行了检测,表达量为１ｍｇ＝     

小鼠金属硫蛋白 Ⅰ cDNA编码序列的克隆及其在昆虫细胞中的表达

将质粒ｐＢＸ－ＭＴ上的小鼠ＭＴ－ⅠｃＤＮＡ片段切下作为模板,通过ＰＣＲ方法删除该片段的非编码序列,将编码序列克隆到质粒ｐＢＳ－ＳＫ中,经ＤＮＡ序列测定后证明其克隆序列正确．再将ＭＴ－ⅠｃＤＮＡ编码序列插入到转移载体ｐＢａｃＰＡＫ８的ＢａｍＨⅠ和ＥｃｏＲⅠ位点之间,通过磷酸钙／ＤＮＡ共转染方法将其导入昆虫细胞Ｓｆ９中,以Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ和ＤｏｔＥＩＡ方法对表达产物进行了检测,表达量为１ｍｇ／Ｌ     

双抗（抗病毒及抗虫）植物表达载体的构建及番茄的化鉴定

将抗病毒的ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ基因和抗虫的Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ基因依次插入到植物表达载体ＰＥ３的ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＫｐｎⅠ位点,通过菌落原位杂交筛选和酶切鉴定,然后以土壤农杆菌ＧＶ３１１－ＳＥ介导转化番茄,胭脂碱检测,染色体ＤＮＡ的点杂交及ＰＣＲ扩增证明ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ基因和Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ基因已同时导入转化再生的番茄植株。ＲＮＡ点杂交证明ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ基因和Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ基因已在转基因番茄植株中同时获得表达。     

双抗(抗病毒及抗虫)植物表达载体的构建及番茄的转化鉴定

将抗病毒的ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ 基因和抗虫的Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ 基因依次插入到植物表达载体ｐＥ３ 的ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＫｐｎⅠ位点,通过菌落原位杂交筛选和酶切鉴定,然后以土壤农杆菌ＧＶ３１１－ＳＥ介导转化番茄,胭脂碱检测,染色体ＤＮＡ 的点杂交及ＰＣＲ扩增证明ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ 基因和Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ 基因已同时导入转化再生的番茄植株。ＲＮＡ 点杂交证明ＣＭＶ－ｃｐ 基因和Ｂｔ－ｔｏｘｉｎ 基因已在转基因番茄植株中同时获得表达。     

鸡马立克氏病病毒B抗原片段在大肠杆菌中表达

鸡马立克氏病病毒ＢａｍＨＩ基因文库Ｉ３质粒中含有编码Ｂ抗原膜外Ｄｏｍａｉｎ的ＤＮＡ序列。经ＳｃａＩ和ＳｐｈＩ双酶酶解Ｉ３质粒,分离获得７６４ｂｐＤＮＡ片段,并克隆进Ｍ１３ｍｐ１９中。ＤＮＡ序列测定分析表明克隆片段为ＭＤＶ－Ｂ抗原基因的４９４－１２５８ｂｐ部分序列。进一步分离ＮｃｏＩ－ＨｉｎｄＩＩＩ部分基因片（５３０ｂｐ）,克隆于ＰＬＰｒｏｍｏｔｅｒ控制下的含有修饰型ｃＩｔｓ８５７基因的表达载体中,     

传染性法氏囊病病毒CJ－801bkf毒株VP2 cDNA基因结构的分析

以传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＮ）中国毒株ＣＪ－８０１ｂｋｆ的基因组Ａ片段ｄｓＲＭＡ为模板,经反向转录和ＰＣＲ扩增,克隆了保护性抗原ＶＰ２ｃＤＮＡ基因。经Ｓａｎｇｅｒ法测序,确定了ＶＰ２ｃＤＮＡ基因有１４８４个核苷酸,推测了ＶＰ２氨基酸的顺序,与已报导的６株ＩＢＤＶ毒株ＣｕＩ、ＰＢＧ９８、５２／７０、００２－７３、ＳＴＣ和ＶａｒｉａｎｔＥ的ＶＰ２区做了比较,证明：克隆的ＣＪ－８０１ｂｋｆＶＰ２ｃＤＮＡ基因是全长的,含有正确的起始密码子ＡＴＧ;ＣＪ－８０１ｂｋｆ与毒株Ｃｕｌ和ｐＢＧ９８同源性最高;ＣＪ－８０１ｂｋｆＶＰ２高可变区内两个亲水区的氨基酸顺序与ＣｕＩ、ＰＢＧ９８、５２／７０、００２－７３和ＳＴＣ完全相同;７肽区内第三个丝氨酸残基则变异为精氨酸。这些结果提示,中国ＣＪ－８０１ｂｋｆ毒株应属标准血清Ｉ型ＩＢＤＶ弱毒株。     

苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)大立方形多角体突变株的分子生物学研究

利用空斑技术,从既能形成多角体又含ＴＫ酶基因的苜蓿丫纹夜蛾重组核型多角体病毒ＡｃＭＮＰＶ－ＴＫ中,纯化了一株形成大立方形多角体的病毒突变株ＡｃＭＮＰＶ－ＴＫｍｔ５１３。用ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ及ＫｐｎⅠ等限制性内切酶对它做了酶切分析,并克隆了多角体蛋白全基因及其侧翼部分的片段。对所克隆的部分全序列测定结果,发现在多角体蛋白基因读码框内只出现了一个碱基的突变,导致了第２５位的氨基酸密码子由ＧＧＴ变为ＧＡＴ,该位氨基酸由甘氨酸（Ｇｌｙ）变为天冬氨酸（Ａｓｐｑ）还利用ＰＣＲ技术扩增出突变了的多角体蛋白基因部分片段,并将它克隆入转移载体质粒ｐＥＶ５５,与不形成多角体的重组病毒ＴｎＮＰＶ－ＨＢｓＤ４ＤＮＡ共转染Ｓｆ９细胞,结果产生同样的大立方形多角体病毒。     

用PCR扩增和克隆马立克氏病病毒糖蛋白D基因

用ＰＣＲ技术,从ＧＡ株马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）感染的成纤维细胞（ＧＥＦ）基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增出ＭＤＶ糖蛋白Ｄ（ｇＤ）抗原基因片段的约１３００ｂｐ编码序列,将该ｐｃＲ扩增的产物于ＥｃｏＲＩ和Ｋｐｎｌ位点克隆到ｐＵＣ１８质粒载体中,在以ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ（ｄｉｇ）标记的ｇＤＰＣＲ产物作为探针,进行原位杂交初步筛选到阳性重组质粒克隆,再根据酶切分析筛选到含ＭＤＶｇＤ基因的重组质粒ｐ１８ＭｇＤ。将ｐ１８ＭｇＤ质粒ＤＮＡ用ｄｉｇ标记后,在Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ中,该探针能识别ＭＤＶ基因组ＤＮＡ的ＢａｍＨＩ－Ａ克隆中的Ａ片段ＤＮＡ。酶切位点分析表明,该ｇＤ克隆也和已发表的ＭＤＶ的ＲＢＩＢ株ｇＤ一样,不含有ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＳｍａⅠ、ｐｖｕⅡ等酶切位点。证明该重组质粒是ＭＤＶｇＤ克隆。     

香蕉束顶病毒基因Ⅰ的克隆及序列分析

以中国漳州地区感染ＢＢＴＶ的香蕉组织总ＤＮＡ为模板,根据我国台湾地区ＢＢＴＶ分离物基因组Ⅰ序列,设计并合成了一对引物,通过ＰＣＲ扩增出约５００ｂｐ的片段。利用ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔⅡＳＫ Ｔ－载体获得此片段的克隆,经测序表明为ＢＢＴＶ组分Ⅰ的部分序列。由已测知的ＢＢＴＶ基因组Ⅰ序列设计一对相邻引物,以我国漳州的感染ＢＢＴＶ香蕉组织总ＤＮＡ为模板,通过ＰＣＲ坟增出约１．１ｋｂ的片段。利用ｐＢｌｕｅｓ     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism