绿色木霉ZY-1固态发酵产纤维素酶

利用筛选的绿色木霉ZY-1（Trichoderma viride ZY-1）固态发酵产纤维素酶,采用稻草和麸皮为底物,考察稻草与麸皮比例随发酵时间对产酶的影响。结果表明：底物中,在m（稻草）：m（麸皮）为0：5和1：4时,发酵48h,pH保持4．5左右,还原糖量急剧上升,胞外蛋白产量最低;仅以稻草作底物时,整个发酵过程中pH约为7,还原糖量最低,胞外蛋白产量较高而滤纸酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶（CMCase）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-Gase）酶活均较低;在m（稻草）：m（麸皮）为3：2时,发酵96h,滤纸酶活达最大值5．01U／g干曲;m（稻草）：m（麸皮）为1：4时,发酵96h,β-Gase酶活达最大值4．6U／g干曲;m（稻草）：m（麸皮）为4：1时,发酵72h,CMCase酶活达最大值6．01U／g干曲。因此,底物中存在适量的稻草和麸皮有利于Trichoderma viride ZY—1产纤维素酶。     

中性蛋白酶高产菌株的筛选及产酶酶系分析

目的:满足水产中对中性蛋白酶的需求。方法:以实验室保藏的米曲霉ZW为出发菌株,经Co60定向诱变,通过透明圈法初筛、摇瓶发酵复筛,筛选中性蛋白酶活力高的菌株,并对其进行产酶酶系分析。结果:筛选到的米曲霉ZW-06产中性蛋白酶酶活可达15000U/g干曲,比诱变前酶活提高了74%,是目前国内报道的固体发酵产中性蛋白酶活力最高的菌株;经过10代传代之后,酶活力仍保持稳定。通过对米曲霉ZW-06进行产酶酶系分析,发现发酵产物中除了有较高的中性蛋白酶酶活,还有较高的木聚糖酶和酸性纤维素酶酶活,酶活分别达到49879U/g干曲和21099U/g干曲。结论:米曲霉ZW-06在饲料工业中有很大     

霉菌α—糖苷酶固态发酵的研究

研究了一株产α-糖苷酶能力较高的黑曲霉菌株H－8的固态发酵的较佳产酶条件。结果表明：当麸皮加水比为1：1．00、混料装量10g（500ml三角瓶）、接种量2环、35℃培养48h后,酶活力对干麸曲计可达496.89U／g。     

纤维素酶的固体培养方法

通过对菌株产酶能力的测定,确定了绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride)HWO7作为生产菌株。研究了培养基组成、培养条件和培养过程对产酶能力的影响,确定了固体培养生产纤维素酶的生产工艺。研究了纤维素酶的酶学特性。在确定工艺条件下,曲料的绝干酶活力（CMC－Na）达2605．1u/g,产品收率79．0％。     

真空微波诱变结合化学诱变选育酸性纤维素酶高产菌株

以酸性纤维素酶产生菌绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride）WL0512作为原始出发菌株,首先经自然分离筛选出一株产酶较稳定的菌株TVN-18,其羧甲基纤维素酶活（CMC酶活）达2765．8U／g,滤纸酶活（FPA酶活）达48．5U／g。再经真空微波和甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）逐级诱变处理,获得了一株高产、稳产酸性纤维素酶的E6—1菌株,其CMC酶活达4396．6U／g,FPA酶活达126．0U／g,分别是菌株TVN-18的1．59倍和2．60倍。通过对固态发酵培养基麸皮和稻草比例、料水比以及初始pH值的优化,突变株的产酶能力进一步得到提高,其产的CIVIC酶活和FPA酶活分别提高了22．3％和22．4％。     

黑胸散白蚁肠道具内切葡聚糖酶活性共生菌的筛选、鉴定及产酶条件的优化

目的 从黑胸散白蚁肠道内筛选获得具有降解纤维素性能的菌株,并对菌株最佳产酶条件进行优化.方法 采用筛选性培养基进行筛选,通过培养性状、显微观察及16S rDNA部分片段同源性分析进行菌种鉴定,利用正交试验优化该菌株的最佳产酶培养基配方以及单因子试验优化产酶培养条件.结果 通过鉴定,获得的菌株属柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter sp.B03),最适产酶的碳氮源为CMC-Na和蛋白胨.该菌株最佳产酶培养基的配方为CMC-Na5.0 g/L、蛋白胨5.0 g/L、NH4Cl 0.6 g/L、KH2P04 0.9 g/L、MgSO4 0.9 g/L;最佳产酶培养条件为起始pH 5.0,温度35℃,装液量20～ 30 mL/150 mL.结论 经过优化,可将该菌株产生的纤维素酶酶活力从0.184 U/mL提高到0.311 U/mL,该研究结果对纤维素酶的工业开发具有一定的指导意义.     

黑曲霉AF-98固体发酵产纤维素酶的产酶条件研究

通过单因子及正交试验,对黑曲霉AF-98固体发酵产纤维素酶的产酶条件进行了探讨。其优化的产酶条件为:甘蔗渣3g,麸皮2g,加含尿素为0.15%的Mandels营养液25mL(加水比1:5),调初始pH5.0,28℃发酵72h。在此优化条件下,纤维素酶活力可达7.56u/g干曲。     

产纤维素酶菌种TP1202的选育及产酶条件研究

从腐木上分离到1株纤维素酶活较高的野生纤维素酶产生菌TP01,经鉴定为绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride)。以TP01为出发菌株,经紫外线、亚硝基胍、硫酸二乙酯和LiCl等物理化学诱变处理,最后得到1株高产突变株TP1202。通过对培养基中氮源、碳源、培养温度、培养时间、培养基的含水量、培养基的起始pH、培养基中葡萄糖含量的研究,测定Trichoderma viride TP1202纤维素酶的CMC和滤纸酶活,找到了产纤维素酶的较佳条件,即,稻草粉：麦麸=4：1,物料：水份=1:0.75-1,以（NH4）2SO4或NH4Cl为氮源,葡萄糖含量为1%-2%,起始pH为7.5,在30℃下培养96-120h左右,其酶活力为最高,每克干曲CMC酶和滤纸酶活分别达到28900U、604U,是出发菌株的3倍和6倍。     

里氏木霉与黑曲霉混合发酵产纤维素酶及其水解特性

研究了利用里氏木霉和黑曲霉混合培养产纤维素酶,以黑曲霉孢子悬浮液的不同活化浓度及不同的活化时间来寻找2个菌种发挥最大协同作用的结合点以及所产纤维素酶的水解特性。以里氏木霉单一培养和黑曲霉单一培养为参照进行对比研究。底物为农林废弃物之一的玉米秸秆,经过蒸气爆破预处理后,用作产酶C源。结果表明:黑曲霉孢子悬浮液活化浓度为10个/mL,活化时间为12 h时,滤纸酶比酶活最高,达3.32 U/mL,高于里氏木霉单一培养的2.25 U/mL,β-葡萄糖苷酶比酶活达1.32 U/mL,高于里氏木霉单一培养的0.57 U/mL。为进一步验证混合菌产纤维素酶的水解效果,利用混合菌产纤维酶的酶液及里氏木霉产纤维素酶的酶液进行酶水解实验,当酶用量为20 U/g绝干纤维素,底物质量浓度为100 g/L条件下水解48 h,混合菌所产酶液酶解得率达70.00%,高于里氏木霉所产酶液的酶解得率63.05%。实验表明里氏木霉与黑曲霉混合培养产酶是可行的,并优于单一菌种培养。     

微生物酶拆分方法生产D-泛酸的手性中间体D-泛解酸内酯

筛选到一株产D－泛解酸内酯水解酶的串珠镰孢霉菌（Fusarium moniliforme SW-902)。产酶条件研究表明,用甘油作碳源,蛋白胨作氮源,初始pH8.0,温度26℃,摇瓶培养3d,产酶量最高。在60L和1000L发酵罐中通风发酵45－47h,产酶量为6－8g干菌体／L,D－泛解酸内酯水解酶酶活力达到0．87－0．92IU／g干菌体。该酶的最适反应温度为55℃,最适反应pH为7．0－7．5。在酶不对称水解泛解酸内酯过程中,对溶液加酶量5％－10％,底物浓度10％－20％,控制水解率20％－30％,水解效果最好。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.