根癌农杆菌介导的水稻遗传转化

就根癌农杆菌介导水稻遗传转化的研究历程和影响农杆菌转化水稻的几个关键因素以及这一问题的前景作了评述和展望     

根癌农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化

农杆菌介导法是大豆遗传转化的重要方法之一 ,许多实验室应用该方法得到了转基因大豆 ,但目前使用该方法进行转化的效率还比较低 ,尚需深入研究。农杆菌菌株、大豆基因型、组织培养条件、T-DNA的转移效率和转化后的筛选模式都会影响大豆转化的效率。概述了近年来根癌农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化的一些重要成果 ,以及转化过程中大豆的易感性与农杆菌的转化能力、乙酰丁香酮促进vir基因活化、转化的受体系统和巯基混合物减轻受体材料的褐化、提高T DNA的转移效率等几个重要因素的研究进展 ,并介绍了转化中常用的几个筛选标记基因 (nptⅡ、hpt、bar基因和突变的ahas基因 )及通过共转化法去除标记基因的方法 ,同时对今后研究的重点进行了讨论.     

根癌农杆菌介导丝状真菌遗传转化的研究进展

根癌农杆菌介导的丝状真菌遗传转化是近年建立起来的一种新方法,该方法和以往的真菌转化体系相比具有转化方法简单、材料易得、效率高以及转化子中T-DNA单拷贝插入比例高等特点。就根癌农杆菌转化的丝状真菌种类、转化的具体过程以及影响转化效率的因素等方面进行了综述,并展望了该方法的应用前景。     

根癌农杆菌介导麝香百合遗传转化体系的建立

以麝香百合"white elegance"叶片为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌介导法,研究了影响其转化的因素,建立了稳定而高效的麝香百合遗传转化体系。结果表明,以叶片为受体材料,外植体预培养有利于农杆菌的侵染;3 d的共培养,根癌农杆菌OD600值为0.6左右、侵染10 min,能获得较高的转化率;50 mg.L-1的卡那霉素对叶片有很好的筛选效果。抗性植株经PCR检测,初步证明Mn-SOD基因已转入到麝香百合植株中。     

根癌农杆菌对栝楼的遗传转化

用根癌农杆菌侵染栝楼（Ｔichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.)无菌苗后,获得冠瘿组织;栝楼冠瘿组织经除菌后能在无激素的ＭＳ培养基上良好生长,并合成冠瘿碱、表明Ｔi质粒转化成功,栝楼冠瘿组织中最高蛋白含量为１３０．６mg/g（鲜重）。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测其含有的蛋白种类与栝楼根含有的基本一样,研究表明,利用栝楼冠瘿组织作为培养系统生产天花粉粉蛋白有很好的开发前景。     

根癌农杆菌介导库拉索芦荟遗传转化因素优化

以美国库拉索芦荟的横切薄片(transversethincelllayer,tTCL)作为转化外植体,初步研究了以根癌 农杆菌介导的多种因子对芦荟遗传转化的影响。结果表明:菌株EHA105比LBA4404及AGL1转化率高; 除了乙酰丁香酮(acetosyringone)外,菌液的预处理和重悬液的pH值也是影响转化的主要因子;菌液的预处 理和适合的蔗糖浓度对转化也有促进作用;感染时间为12～18min,共培养的温度和时间分别以25℃及5d 为佳。     

根癌农杆菌介导的香蕉遗传转化研究进展

香蕉的栽培品种绝大多数是三倍体, 常规育种难度大, 工作周期长, 难以采用传统的育种方法进行遗传改良, 因此转基因技术成为改良香蕉种质的有效方法。根癌农杆菌介导的香蕉的遗传转化从20世纪90年代起取得的了较大的进步, 但仍然存在着很多问题。文章分析了影响农杆菌介导香蕉转化的几个重要环节, 并对其研究现状、存在的问题及应用前景作简要概述。     

根癌农杆菌介导真菌遗传转化的研究进展

根癌农杆菌介导的真菌遗传转化是近年来发展的一种新方法 ,与其它方法相比 ,该方法具有操作简便、转化效率高和易得到稳定转化子等特点。目前 ,在根癌农杆菌介导下已实现了多个属种真菌的遗传转化 ,显示出良好的应用前景。综述了根癌农杆菌介导真菌遗传转化的转化机理和T DNA在真菌细胞中的存在方式等方面的研究结果 ,并展望这一方法的应用前景。     

根癌农杆菌介导的草莓遗传转化研究进展

随着植物离体再生技术的日益成熟和多种外源目的基因的分离与克隆,转基因技术以目的性强、周期短等优点成为草莓品种改良的重要途径。在草莓上采用的遗传转化方法主要是农杆菌介导法。概述了农杆菌介导法的转化机理以及基因型、农杆菌菌株、侵染时间和菌液浓度、共培养时间、酚类物质等对草莓遗传转化的影响,并从草莓果实贮藏保鲜、抗除草剂、抗病毒、抗虫、抗真菌、转基因疫苗等方面对近年来草莓的转基因研究进展进行了总结。     

根癌农杆菌对健康和患丛枝病泡桐的遗传转化

选取健康及患丛枝病泡桐（Paulownia spp.)为材料,建立组织培养和植株再生系统,以茎段作为转化受体,诱导分化和生根的最佳激素组合分别是MS＋BA4mg/L NAA0.2mg/L和1／2MS＋KT0.5mg/L IBA0.25mg/L。芽分化频率可达22．8％。健康和患病泡桐的茎段经农杆菌共培养3d后,在附加50mg/Lm的选择分化培养基上培养20d左右再生出抗性芽,经培养、诱导生根,获得了转基因再生植株,建立了泡桐的遗传转化体系。PCR和Southern杂交检测证明外源基因已整合到泡桐的基因组,标记基因ITPⅡ在再生植株中也得到表达,同时对影响转化的一因素进行了探讨。     

Study on Optimization of Transformation of Populus tomentosa

Several factors affecting transformation of Populus tomentosa Carr. were studied, and a simple and effective protocol with optimized condition for transformation of P. tomentosa was developed. The results demonstrated that the transformation frequency was extremely increased with the presence of acetosyringone, and likely with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith et Townsend) Conn density, duration of infection and co-cultivation. It was found that removal of CoCl2·6H20 from the co-culture medium was benefitial to obtain Kanr shoots.     

毛白杨高效转化系统的研究(英文)

毛白杨是一种具有多种优良特性、用途广泛并有重要经济价值的杨属树种,又是农杆菌的天然寄主植物。因此,毛白杨一直是进行木本植物组培及遗传转化研究的重要对象。本研究通过比较培养基组成(Table 1)、外植体类型(Table 2)、农杆菌侵染浓度以及预培养(Table 3&4, Fig.1)和共培养条件(Table 5)等影响农杆菌转化及植株再生效率的诸多重要条件后,建立了毛白杨的农杆菌高效转化系统。实验选用毛白杨叶片为外植体,在MS + 4.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA培养基上预培养2 d后制成叶盘,并做戳伤处理,再与5×108 Cell/mL浓度的农杆菌新鲜菌液共培养2 d,然后以MS + 4.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA附加50 mg/L Km和1 000 mg/L AP为筛选培养基(Table 6, Fig.4) ,获得最佳转化效果。2－3周后,在叶盘周围长出许多Km抗性愈伤组织,转入分化培养基分化后,再转入生根培养基3－4周,获得完整植株(Fig.3)。经PCR扩增实验鉴定,转化愈伤组织的阳性率达到83.8％(Fig.2)。多次重复实验结果表明,该转化系统与以往的文献报道相比,其遗传转化率大大提高。抗性愈伤组织的平均转化率高达56.2%,最终得到的再生转化植株的比率达19.9%。其中,毛白杨叶盘经戳伤处理,其转化率可提高至20~40% (Table 7)。利用此转化系统     

Genetic Transformation of Leaf Explants of Populus tomentosa

The leaf disc method developed by Horsch et al. (1985) has been used for transformation of Populus tomentosa. The strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens used harbored a reconstructed Ti plasmid which contained gene 4 of T–DNA and the chimeric CAT(chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) gene. Leaf explants from shoot cultures of Populus tomentosa were co-culfivated with the bacterium. On the hormone free medium, teratoma-like shoots developed from the edge of the leaf explants. When the abnormal shoots were excised from the explants and transferred onto rooting medium, a mass of callus formed at the base of shoots, with new shoots developing, but without root formation. The measurement of'endogenous cytokinin showed that the transformed shoots produced 14 times as much iso-pentenyl adenosine as untransformed shoots did. All teratoma-like shoots-tested showed the presence of nopaline, and were able to grow well. on the medium containing 60-100μg/ml chloromycetin, while normal shoots turned white after 40 days. Pretreatment of A. tumefaciens with phenolic compound, salicylic acid, would increase the frequency of transformation significantly.     

Transformation of Populus tomentosa with Insecticidal Cowpea Proteinase Inhibitor Gene

Cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) gene, an insecticidal gene, was introduced into poplar ( Populus tomentosa Carr. ) by gene transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefac/ens (Smith et Townsend) Conn. The influences on regeneration and transformation frequency of poplar by the concentration and addition of kanamycin were compared. Kanamycin resistant (Kmr) plantlets were obtained by 3 -4 cycles screening in selective condition. The ability of leaf regeneration and shoot subculture and rooting from the transformed and non-transformed plants in the presence of 50 mg/L kanamycin was examined. The presence of CpTI gene in the transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR and PCR-Southern blot. Assay on proteinase inhibition activity demonstrated that leaf protein extracts of the transgenic poplar showed higher inhibition activity against trypsin than that of control plants.     

新疆杨高效遗传转化系统的建立

选择新疆杨(Populus alba L.var．pyramidalis Bge．)为遗传转化受体材料,为建立根癌农杆菌介导新疆杨高效遗传转化系统,从预培养时间、侵染时间、共培养时间、添加乙酰丁香酮(AS)的时机、共培养培养基中添加乙酰丁香酮浓度、侵染菌液的制备方法、外植体继代方式等7个方面优化筛选。结果显示较合适的转化系统为：预培养8h,农杆菌菌液(OD600=0．4)侵染15min,共培养5d,侵染菌液的最优制备方法是液体培养活化农杆菌2次加离心收集菌体重悬,共培养培养基中添加乙酰丁香酮80μmol／L。新疆杨叶盘转化频率可达38．10％。     

农杆菌介导的河北杨遗传转化体系的建立

以兼具生态和能源植物功能的木本模式植物——杨树(河北杨)为材料,研究了携带促生长基因(35S-DAS5)的根癌农杆菌载体介导的河北杨遗传转化若干因素对转化效果的影响。结果显示,较适宜的转化系统为预培养2-4 d,农杆菌菌液(OD600值为0.4)侵染20 min,共培养4 d,在含30 mg/L卡那霉素(Km)的培养基上诱导不定芽,生根培养基中Km的适宜浓度为10 mg/L。     

棉花漆酶基因在转基因新疆杨中的表达及其对木质素合成的影响

以新疆杨叶柄为外植体,利用农杆菌法将棉花漆酶基因GaLAC1导入新疆杨.PCR,Soutllern杂交证明外源基因已经整合到杨树基因组中.漆酶活性分析表明转基因植株中漆酶活性较非转基因对照显著提高.与对照植株相比,转基因新疆杨茎段中总木质素的含量有不同程度的增加,最高达21.5%.木质素的组织化学染色进一步证实了GaLAC1的过量表达能够导致转基因植株中总木质素含量的增加.实验结果表明GaLAC1参与了植物体内木质素的合成,这是首次成功利用转基因植物证实植物漆酶基因参与木质素合成的报道.     

Transformation of Populus tomentosa by Agrobacterium and Regeneration of Transformed Plantlets

The establishment of efficient transformation system of Populus tomentosa by Agrobacterium is reported. The strains of Agrobacterium used in experiments were: 1. A. rhizogenes R1000, which harboured the Ri plasmid pRiA4b. 2. A. rhizogenes R1000 (pTVK85), which carried the plasmids pRiA4b and pTVK85 Containing supervirulent region. 3. A. tumefaciens C58C1 (pBZ693), the plasmid pBZ693 containing genes 1 and 2. After being cocultured with the bacteria on media containing 0.5 ppm kinetin for 2 days, explants of P. tomentosa were transferred to MS medium containing 500 ppm cefotaxime. Roots appeared on the explants in a week. The roots induced by A. tume[aciens were morphologically different from those induced by A. rhizogenes. The frequency of the explants transformed by A. rhizogenes R1000 (pTVK85) was nearly up to 60%. Some Ri plasmid transformed roots could spontaneously produce adventitious shoots or calli. By adding appropriate plant growth regulators in the media, we could have all of the root lines transformed produce adventitious shoots which would develop into intact plantlets on a hormone-free medium. Some phenotypical differences were observed among clones of the transformed plantlets. Some clones had short internodes, large number of leaves, reduced apical dominance, rich root systems with a great quantity of branches and root hairs, whereas in other clones aboveground parts of plantlets were morphologically normal and only their root systems were different from those of untransformed plantlets. None of the plantlets transformed by A. rhizogenes had the phenomenon of wrinkle leaves and shapes these leaves were analogous to normal plantlets. It was often observed that roots were regenerated from stems above the medium surfaces. Southern analysis on three clones of the putative transformed plantlets by A. rhizogenes R1000 (pTVKS5) showed that two of them were hybridized positively with the probe covering the TL-DNA region of the plasmid pRiA4b.     

毛白杨PtLFY基因启动子的克隆及其瞬时表达分析

为了研究毛白杨LEAFY同源基因PtLFY的表达调控规律,利用PCR技术从毛白杨基因组DNA中克隆出PtLFY基因上游一段1575 bp的序列。经PLACE、PlantCARE在线软件分析表明,该序列含有TATA-BOX、CAAT-BOX等启动子基本元件,另外,还包含干旱诱导的MYB结合位点、脱落酸(ABA)响应元件、光响应元件等其他一些调控序列。因此,PtLFY的表达可能受干旱、ABA、光照等因子的调控。利用FootPrinter在线软件对毛白杨等6个物种的LFY同源基因启动子进行比对,发现不同物种的启动子相对保守,但也存在差异,说明LFY基因在功能上具有相似性,但存在一定差异。在序列分析的基础上,构建由PtLFY启动子驱动GUS报告基因的植物表达载体,命名为PtLFYp1304。通过农杆菌介导的方法转化烟草,对该启动子进行瞬时表达研究,结果表明PtLFY启动子可以驱动GUS基因在烟草根、茎、叶和花器官中表达,但在根、茎、叶中仅微弱表达,表达强度明显低于CaMV35S启动子,而在花萼和雄蕊中表达强烈。     

影响农杆菌介导的杨树遗传转化技术的因素

杨属树种是农杆菌的天然寄主之一,但木本植物一般再生能力较差,如何提高杨树的遗传转化频率就成为目前研究者最为关心的问题。本文结合农杆菌介导杨树遗传转化研究的最新进展和我们的实际工作对农杆菌的遗传转化原理、转移方法、以及影响农杆菌转化的因素进行了全新而深入的论述,并针对如何提高木本植物的转化频率,提出了一些改良的措施和方法。