不同模拟增雨下白刺比叶面积和叶干物质含量的比较

以荒漠生态系统典型植物白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)为研究对象,根据内蒙古磴口多年平均降水量和植物生长规律,设计两个增雨时段(生长季前期与生长季后期),每个增雨时段设置两个增雨梯度(72.5mm/a(50%)、145mm/a(100%)),对天然白刺灌丛进行增雨实验,研究了不同模拟增雨处理下2012年与2013年生长季白刺叶片的比叶面积(SLA)与叶干物质含量(LDMC)的变化。结果表明,增雨处理可以增加白刺叶片的SLA及LDMC,同时期增雨100%处理对SLA及LDMC的影响大于50%处理,但同时期增雨的两个处理之间无显著差异;白刺叶片SLA在生长季前期对水分响应明显,LDMC则在生长季后期对水分反应敏感;相同增雨处理,2012年白刺叶片SLA及LDMC的净增加值高于2013年;SLA与LDMC在2012年呈显著负相关,在2013年虽呈负相关,但相关性不显著。在未来降雨增加的背景下,荒漠植物白刺叶片SLA与LDMC对增雨具有较强的协调适应能力,在不同生长季节可以通过改变不同的叶片性状来适应环境变化。     

模拟增雨对荒漠植物幼苗生长和根系形态的影响

降雨是荒漠生态系统过程和功能的最重要限制因子,荒漠植物幼苗对生长季降雨的变化极端敏感。为探讨荒漠植物对未来降雨格局变化的响应,选取乌兰布和沙漠两种典型荒漠植物幼苗(白刺和油蒿)为研究对象,根据生长季内(6—9月)每次降雨量,进行不同梯度的人工模拟增雨试验(CK:自然降雨、A:增雨25%、B:增雨50%、C:增雨75%、D:增雨100%),研究两种植物幼苗生长和根系形态特征对降雨量变化的响应。结果表明:(1)不同增雨处理对白刺和油蒿幼苗的地上部生长有显著影响(P<0.05),增雨处理的白刺和油蒿幼苗的株高、平均冠幅和基径显著高于CK,并随着增雨量的增大而增大(白刺基径除外);(2)增雨处理之间、白刺和油蒿之间在总根长、总表面积、平均直径、总体积、根尖数和分叉数均有显著差异(P<0.05)。对白刺幼苗而言,B处理和C处理的根系参数均显著大于CK、A和D处理,且B和C处理之间没有显著差异(平均直径除外);对油蒿幼苗而言,随着增雨量的增加,油蒿总根长、总表面积、总体积、根尖数和分叉数呈现逐渐增加的趋势,而平均直径呈现先增加后降低的趋势,且在B处理下达到最大值。(3)增雨处理显著降低...     

模拟增雨对白刺和油蒿幼苗化学计量特征的影响

降雨是荒漠生态系统过程和功能的最重要限制因子,荒漠植物幼苗对生长季降雨的变化极端敏感。为探讨荒漠植物对未来降雨格局变化的响应,该研究选取乌兰布和沙漠2种典型荒漠植物幼苗(白刺和油蒿)为研究对象,根据生长季内(6～9月)每次降雨量,进行不同梯度的人工模拟增雨试验(CK.自然降雨;A.增雨25%;B.增雨50%;C.增雨75%;D.增雨100%),分析白刺和油蒿幼苗C、N、P含量及化学计量特征对降雨量变化的响应。结果表明:(1)从C、N、P含量在幼苗不同器官分布来看,与CK相比,增雨显著降低了白刺幼苗茎的C含量和根的C、P含量(P0.05),在一定程度上提高了叶的C、P含量和根的N含量;而增雨处理显著增加了油蒿幼苗茎和叶的C含量(P0.05),降低了叶、根的N含量和茎、叶、根的P含量。(2)从化学计量比来看,增雨对白刺幼苗茎、叶、根的N∶P影响无显著差异,比值均大于16,且在增雨的环境下白刺幼苗相对生长率较低,主要受P元素限制;油蒿幼苗根N∶P与增雨量呈极显著负相关关系,随增雨量的增加其相对生长率增大。研究认为,模拟增雨对白刺幼苗和油蒿幼苗化学计量特征均有显著影响,但二者幼苗C、N、P元素在各器官的分配格局有所不同,增雨不利于白刺幼苗的生长,而有利于油蒿幼苗的快速生长。     

外源脯氨酸对自然干旱下白刺叶片气孔的影响

以大田环境内多年生荒漠植物白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）为研究对象,采用扫描电子显微镜对不同外源脯氨酸质量浓度处理下白刺叶片气孔进行微观结构观察并测定叶片表皮气孔器长度、宽度、面积和密度,比较同一指标在不同脯氨酸质量浓度处理下的差异。采用室外试验研究自然干旱胁迫下喷施质量浓度为50、100、150、200、250 mg·L^-1的外源脯氨酸（Proline,缩写为Pro或P）研究白刺的耐旱性。观察结果显示,白刺叶片气孔保卫细胞为肾形,气孔在叶片表皮随机分布,气孔器多为无规则型,气孔呈椭圆形且叶片表面蜡质较少,并且叶片细胞出现褶皱和下陷。与对照相比,在不同质量浓度处理和不同采样时间时,气孔长度、宽度及面积下降,气孔密度增大,随着浓度的升高以及采样时间的变化,气孔长度整体呈现下降趋势,当浓度达到200 mg·L^-1时,下降幅度增大,宽度和面积整体呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,而气孔密度则整体呈现上升趋势,其中,气孔长度、宽度和面积在质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1、采样第1天时达到最大值,气孔密度在质量浓度为150 mg·L^-1、采样第9天时达到最大值。此外,气孔长度在不同浓度脯氨酸处理下第1、6和9天存在显著差异,而气孔宽度和面积差异不显著,除第0天外,气孔密度因脯氨酸质量浓度不同均差异显著（P<0.05）。研究结果表明,自然干旱胁迫下对白刺叶片喷施不同质量浓度的外源脯氨酸,可减小气孔长度、宽度和面积,而增加气孔密度,以期为白刺抗旱提供理论依据。     

干旱荒漠区不同生活型植物生长对降雨量变化的响应

降水是荒漠生态系统过程和功能的最重要限制因子,荒漠生态系统中的植物物种对生长季降雨的变化极端敏感。根据生长季内每次降雨量,进行不同梯度的人工模拟降雨试验(减雨50%、减雨25%、增雨25%、增雨50%、增雨100%),以自然降雨为对照,研究植物生长对降雨量变化的响应。结果表明:生长季降雨量影响植物的生长和初级生产力,不同生活型植物对降雨量变化的响应显著不同;减雨处理减缓了柠条、油蒿新枝生长,但影响不显著;增雨25%未能显著促进柠条、油蒿新枝生长;50%增雨未能促进柠条新枝生长而能促进油蒿的新枝生长;5—7月,增雨100%能显著增加油蒿新枝生长量,仅能增加柠条6—7月生长量;1年生草本植物地上部分生物量随降雨量增加呈线性增加趋势,减雨50%显著降低了草本植物株高,而其他降雨处理对株高影响不显著。     

青藏高原草地双子叶植物叶片的气孔特征研究

利用光学显微镜对青藏高原29种草地双子叶植物叶片的气孔形态与数量特征进行观察及差异显著性分析,为揭示青藏高原草地双子叶植物对高原环境的适应机制及探索气孔作为辅助分类的依据奠定理论基础。结果表明:(1)青藏高原草地双子叶植物大多数种类在叶片上、下表皮均分布有气孔,气孔随机排列,气孔器多为无规则型。(2)气孔长度(SL)较小,上、下表皮的气孔平均长度分别为26.20μm与25.56μm,且气孔密度(SD)与气孔指数(SI)相对较大。(3)不同科、属、种间叶片上、下表皮的SL、SD、SI差异均极显著。(4)叶片上、下表皮的6个气孔数量特征之间具有显著相关关系。(5)上表皮的SL、SD与不同科、属、种间显著相关,下表皮除SI与物种间相关不显著外,其他指标与科、属、种间显著相关。研究认为,青藏高原草地双子叶植物独特的气孔形态与数量特征是对高寒极端环境长期适应的结果,且气孔数量特征对植物辅助分类具有重要价值。     

内蒙古高原植物气孔性状的空间变异及其适应机制

气孔是植物与大气进行水气交换的阀门,调节着植物的蒸腾与光合作用。因此,气孔性状的变异影响着植物功能,并能够反映植物对环境的适应。目前,内蒙古高原草地植物气孔性状的空间变异及其对环境的响应尚未被探究。于2018年在内蒙古高原草原区沿降水梯度设置了10个受人为干扰较少的天然草地样地,采集每个样地及周围的植物,并对每个物种叶片上、下表皮的气孔性状进行了测量和计算。结果表明：(1)气孔密度(SD)、气孔大小(SS)和气孔相对面积(SRA)的均值分别为262.29个/mm²、378.84μm²和8.10%;下表皮与上表皮的气孔密度比(R.SD)、大小比(R.SS)和相对面积比(R.SRA)的均值分别为1.54、1.04和1.61。(2)由于草地生境开阔,气孔形态性状在不同生活型(草本与木本植物、一二年生与多年生草本)间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)从草甸草原到荒漠草原,叶片SD和SRA减小,SS增大,气孔性状变异的主要驱动因素是年降水。(4)气孔综合指标SRA主要受SD驱动,降低叶片SD是内蒙古高原草地植物提高耐旱性的重要机制之一。(5)植...     

民勤荒漠区主要灌木叶片C、N、P化学计量特征的季节变化

为探究不同灌木叶片C、N、P化学计量特征季节变化规律,揭示荒漠植物对环境的适应策略,以民勤荒漠区4种主要灌木梭梭、沙拐枣、唐古特白刺、柠条锦鸡儿为研究对象,分析不同荒漠植物在生长季内叶片的C、N、P含量及其计量比变化特征。结果表明:(1)沙拐枣、柠条锦鸡儿叶片C含量显著高于唐古特白刺、梭梭(P<0.05),且唐古特白刺显著高于梭梭,沙拐枣与柠条锦鸡儿差异不显著;唐古特白刺叶片N含量显著高于其他3种植物叶片;唐古特白刺叶片P含量最高,并显著高于柠条锦鸡儿,但两者均与梭梭和沙拐枣差异不显著。(2)4种荒漠植物叶片C、N、P含量及其计量比各指标在生长季节内的变异系数表现为:P(28.34%)>C∶P(24.70%)>N∶P(19.07%)>N(17.49%)>C∶N(16.89%)>C(2.91%)。(3)C含量与N、P含量呈不显著正相关关系;除沙拐枣,其他叶片N含量与P含量呈显著正相关关系,4种荒漠植物叶片N∶P值的变化主要由P含量变化决定。(4)植物叶片C、N、C∶N、C∶P和N∶P含量的变异主要受植物种类影响,植物叶片P含量的变异主要受生长季节影响。研究发现,民勤荒漠4种灌木植物叶片C、N、P含量及C∶N、C∶P和N∶P在生长季内因物种而不同,它们在生长季内变异系数在植物种之间也存在差异。     

不同R∶FR值对菊花叶片气孔特征和气孔导度的影响

以切花菊品种"神马(Jinba)"为试材,2010年10月至2011年2月间在南京信息工程大学试验温室采用不同Red (660±10) nm: Far-red (730±10) nm值的LED光源短日处理,研究了温室切花菊叶片气孔特征和气孔导度对不同R∶FR值的响应。结果表明:不同R∶FR值短日处理35d菊花叶片的上表皮和下表皮的气孔直径分别以R∶FR值4.5和6.5处理最大,均以R∶FR值2.5处理最小,气孔密度和气孔开度均以R∶FR=2.5处理最高,以R∶FR值6.5处理最低,下表皮的气孔密度、气孔开度明显高于上表皮;不同R∶FR值处理叶片的气孔开张比和气孔指数差异不显著;在相同光强下,菊花叶片气孔导度和光合速率由大到小的R∶FR值顺序依次为2.5、4.5、0.5、6.5。叶片气孔导度与气孔指数、气孔密度、气孔开张比和气孔开度成正相关,与气孔长度和气孔宽度呈负相关;R∶FR值在2.5-6.5范围内,随光质中红光成分增加,叶片气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔开度、气孔开张比和气孔导度显著降低。     

长期模拟增雨对荒漠植物形态特征及空间分布格局的影响

研究降雨变化对荒漠优势植物形态特征、空间点格局及空间关联性的影响有助于预测荒漠生态系统对全球气候变化的响应.以乌兰布和沙漠典型荒漠植物唐古特白刺和油蒿为研究对象,进行了连续10年的模拟增雨试验,运用Programita软件,采用Ripley K函数和Monte Carlo随机模拟方法,对长期模拟增雨条件下两种植物形态特征、空间格局及空间关联性进行研究.结果表明: 不同增雨处理下唐古特白刺和油蒿植株的数量、高度、平均冠幅和基径均存在显著差异,增雨处理的唐古特白刺和油蒿植株数量、高度、平均冠幅和基径均显著大于对照,并随着增雨量的增大而增大.当增雨量小于72 mm时,白刺枝条具有明显的聚集分布趋势;当增雨量大于72 mm后,随着增雨量的增大,白刺枝条表现出聚集强度明显降低的趋势.油蒿植株随着增雨量的增加空间分布格局表现为随机分布-聚集分布-随机分布.就空间关联性而言,对照处理下唐古特白刺枝条与油蒿之间表现为负关联,随着增雨量的增加两者呈现无关联或正关联,当增雨量达到144 mm时,空间关联由负关联向正关联转变.未来降雨增加条件下,土壤水分明显改善,两种荒漠植物对水分的竞争减弱,更有利于白刺和油蒿的共存生长.     

Salinity-induced Physiological Modification in the Callus from Halophyte Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.

Little is known about the physiological adaptation mechanisms of the desert halophyte Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. to the environment. In this study, callus from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. was used to investigate physiological responses to salinity and the regulatory function of nitric oxide (NO) on catalase (CAT) activity. Increased dry weight and soluble proteins were observed in the callus exposed to lower salinity (50 and 100 mM NaCl), whereas 200 mM NaCl led to significant decreases of these two growth parameters, and the levels of proline and soluble carbohydrates also were enhanced under NaCl treatment. In addition, short-term stress from 50 mM NaCl and the application of lower sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) concentration resulted in decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, higher concentrations of NaCl and SNP induced significant oxidative damage in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. callus. Analysis based on the fluorescent probe DAF-FM DA revealed that NaCl and SNP treatment led to enhanced levels of NO in the callus cells. Moreover, the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO) reduced endogenous NO concentrations and abolished the enhancement in dry weight and the decrease in MDA level under 50-mM-NaCl treatment. CAT activity increased under salt stress, and the 50-mM-NaCl effect was alleviated by treatment with c-PTIO or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N^ω-nitro-l-arginine. We suggest that Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. callus exhibited tolerance to lower-salinity stress. We also showed that increased NO generation in response to salinity might be associated with regulation of growth, protection against oxidative damage, and excitation of CAT activity in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. callus under salt stress.     

Effect of salinity on antioxidant enzymes in calli of the halophyte <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nitraria tangutorum</Emphasis> Bobr.

Nitraria tangutorum Bobr., a typical desert halophyte, plays an important ecological role because of its superior tolerance to severe drought and high salinity. Very little is known about the physiological adaptative mechanism of this species to environmental stresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of antioxidant enzyme activities and the regulatory mechanism of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in the calli from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. after treatment with different NaCl concentrations. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) significantly increased in the calli treated with NaCl, while the peroxidase activity decreased. APX activity was also elevated significantly in response to NaCl, but the increase was partly abolished by H₂O₂ scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU). Furthermore, the excitatory effect of salinity on APX could be alleviated by the addition of exogenous CAT and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, indicating that the modulation of the APX activity in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. calli might be associated with NADPH oxidase-dependent H₂O₂ generation. Measurement and analysis using fluorescent dye 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate showed the increase of H₂O₂ content in salinity-treated calli. The investigation of NADPH-dependent O₂⁻ production in plasma membrane (PM) vesicles isolated from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. calli revealed that salinity treatment stimulated NADPH oxidase activity. In conclusion, these results suggest that the higher activities of antioxidant enzymes play an important role in the salt tolerance of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. calli and that the extracellular production of H₂O₂, depending on the excitation of PM NADPH oxidase, is responsible for enhancing the APX activity in Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. calli under salinity stress.     

叶子花表皮特征的研究及意义

对叶子花（Bougainvillea spectabilis）正常叶和变态叶上气孔密度、气孔指数和保卫细胞大小进行了研究。结果表明：正常叶上表皮的表皮细胞为多边形,垂周壁平直;下表皮的表皮细胞为不规则型,垂周壁浅波状;气孔类型为不规则型。变态叶上表皮没有发现气孔,变态叶下表皮的表皮细胞垂周壁则由浅波形逐渐变为深波形,气孔类型为不规则型和轮列型。随着变态叶的发育,变态叶下表皮的气孔密度降低,气孔指数升高;变态叶保卫细胞的长增大,宽减小。变态叶的平均气孔密度和平均气孔指数明显低于正常叶。正常叶和变态叶的保卫细胞均呈肾形。     

不同产地何首乌叶表皮结构的解剖学特征与气候因子的关系

在光学显微镜下观察了不同产地何首乌叶表皮结构特征,应用多元回归方法对不同产地何首乌的叶表皮特征与气候因子的关系进行了分析。观察的叶表皮特征指标有气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔器长、气孔器宽、气孔极区角质加厚、气孔器类型、表皮细胞垂周壁性状及叶表面角质条纹。观察结果:上表皮有少量气孔器分布;在下表皮,气孔器类型为非典型不等细胞型和不规则型,有少量腺鳞分布,气孔器密度每1mm2为241.7(64～573)个,气孔指数为17.1(7.5～26.5)%,气孔器长31.1(20～44)μm,气孔器宽23.1(16～38)μm。随着产地的不同,何首乌叶下表皮结构有明显差异。分析结果显示气孔器、气孔器宽度以及气孔密度均与纬度关系密切,随纬度的升高,气孔器长、气孔器宽呈减小的趋势,气孔密度呈增加的趋势,R2值分别为0.619、0.729、0.772。     

外源H2O2处理对唐古特白刺愈伤组织脯氨酸代谢的影响

以唐古特白刺（Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.）愈伤组织为材料,研究外源H₂O₂（2和10 μmol·L^-1）处理下其脯氨酸含量及相关代谢酶活性的变化,试图从细胞水平揭示H₂O₂影响脯氨酸代谢的生理机制。结果显示,2和10 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂处理24 h使唐古特白刺愈伤组织脯氨酸含量分别变为对照的112%和92%,而处理72 h后,脯氨酸含量增加为对照的141%和119%;与对照相比,外源H₂O₂处理诱导愈伤组织脯氨酸脱氢酶活性降低,而谷氨酸激酶活性升高,但鸟氨酸转氨酶活性无显著变化;此外,H₂O₂处理使唐古特白刺愈伤组织内源性H₂O₂含量升高。结果表明,外源H₂O₂诱导了唐古特白刺愈伤组织H₂O₂含量的增高和脯氨酸的积累,且H₂O₂处理下脯氨酸脱氢酶活性的降低及谷氨酸激酶的升高与愈伤组织脯氨酸的积累有关。     

Cordaites schatzlarensis sp. nov. and Samaropsis newberryi (Andrews) Seward from the Westphalian (Carboniferous) of the ?aclé? area (Czech Republic)

The monotonous cordaitalean leaves are usually difficult to determine as leaf shape and venation can be similar in many species. Therefore cuticular analysis is an important method for distinguishing cordaitalean leaves. Pennsylvanian Cordaites schatzlarensis nov. sp. comes from the ?aclé? locality in the Intrasudetic Basin, Czech Republic. It has been found in mudstone accompanying the upper coal seams No. 9 and 10 of the Jan Šverma Coals, Lampertice Member, ?aclé? Formation and are late Duckmantian in age. The leaves of Cordaites schatzlarensis are lanceolate, amphistomatic. Stomata of the adaxial epidermis are scarce, isolated, or in very short stomatal rows. In contrast, the density of stomata on the abaxial cuticle is high and stomata are arranged into single or double stomatal rows. The cuticles of C. schatzlarensis are comparable with the Chinese Upper Permian C. baodeensis Ge. Leaves can be narrow, comparable to French Bolsovian Dorycordaites zeilleri Ledran, or relatively wide. Accompanying big seeds more than 5 cm in diameter are attributed to Samaropsis newberryi (Andrews) Seward. The pith casts Artisia Sternberg were found in sandy channel fill deposits.     

Responses of Nitraria tangutorum to water and photosynthetic physiology in rain enrichment scenario

Under the global warming conditions, great attention has been paid to the effects of precipitation on ecophysiological characteristics in desert plants. Nitraria tangutorum is one of the dominant shrubs distributes in desert outside Minqin oasis, Gansu Province. The artificial simulated rainfall experiments were carried out in four consecutive years from 2008 to 2011, in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of the photosynthetic response in desert plant to the variation of future precipitation pattern. The water and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of leaves in N. tangutorum were examined from July 24 to 26 in 2011 under different simulated rainfall increase gradients (increased 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of mean annual precipitation, respectively). We measured leaf traits that could reflect both leaf water status (e.g., leaf water content and leaf water potential) and photosynthetic physiology (e.g., maximum net photosynthetic rate). The results showed that leaf water content and leaf water potential of N. tangutorum increased with increasing rainfall. Leaf water content and leaf water potential of N. tangutorum in the 100% increased rainfall treatment were significantly greater by 8.51% and 12.07% than the control (0% increased rainfall treatment). But leaf dry matter content and specific leaf weight gradually decreased with increasing rainfall. Leaf dry matter content and specific leaf weight in the 100% increased rainfall treatment were significantly lower by 6.92% and 25.93% than the control. Leaf maximum net photosynthetic rate (A_max), apparent quantum yield (AQY) and light saturation point (LSP) increased with increasing rainfall, while light compensation point (LCP) gradually decreased with increasing rainfall. AQY in the 100% increased rainfall treatment was significantly greater by 70.00% than the control. However, there were no significant differences in LSP and LCP between different treatments. A_max, transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s) in the 100% increased rainfall treatment were significantly greater by 81.91%, 166.07% and 110.47% than the control, respectively. On the contrary, water use efficiency (WUE) in the 100% increased rainfall treatment was significantly less 48.28% than the control. There were no significant differences in intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) and stomatal limitation value (L_s) between different treatments. The correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlations between leaf water content, leaf water potential, T_r and G_s. However, there were significantly negative correlations between leaf dry matter content, leaf specific mass and T_r, G_s, leaf water content and leaf water potential, suggesting that leaf gas exchanges were regulated by leaf water status. Therefore, N. tangutorum could adapt to the tendency of future increasing precipitation by the coordination of water physiology and photosynthesis.     

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区抗侵蚀植物叶表皮的生态适应性

采用叶表皮临时装片法研究了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同土壤侵蚀环境沟间地、沟谷地和沟间人工刺槐林地6种抗侵蚀植物叶表皮组成细胞的形态特征.结果表明: 沟间地抗侵蚀植物叶的上表皮气孔开度、气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔器长宽比可塑性、气孔器面积可塑性、表皮毛〖JP2〗密度和表皮细胞密度分别比沟谷地提高93.8%、66.8%、17.9%、36.4%、42.3%、199.4%和46.5%,下表皮分别提高90.4%、76.6%、9.8%、47.1%、43.9%、98.2%和50.1%;沟间人工刺槐林地叶上表皮各形态指标分别比沟谷地提高66.7%、20.5%、11.9%、37.9%、19.8%、113.1%和10.8%,叶下表皮分别提高106.7%、45.8%、11.9%、41.3%、21.2%、52.2%和28.1%.沟间地植物叶上、下叶表皮毛长度分别比沟谷地缩短58.8%和29.7%,表皮细胞面积分别比沟谷地减少40.3%和37.0%.沟间人工刺槐林地叶上、下表皮毛长度分别比沟谷地缩短25.0%和23.6%,表皮细胞面积分别比沟谷地减少22.2%和19.2%.抗侵蚀植物通过增加叶表皮气孔开度、气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔器长宽比可塑性、气孔器面积可塑性、表皮毛密度、表皮细胞密度和减少表皮毛长度、表皮细胞面积来适应较强的土壤侵蚀环境.