新疆断裂带泉水中细菌群落结构的PCR-DGGE分析

乌鲁木齐10号泉起源于天山山脉博格达峰,地下径流于地震断裂带,泉水中硫化氢、甲烷等地球化学元素迁移活跃,为 揭示水文地球化学变化对地震断裂带泉水细菌群落结构的影响,本研究对该泉水样品定期采样,以微孔滤膜收集菌体,使用SDS-酶解法提取总DNA,对细菌16S rDNA V 3区进行PCR-DGGE分析并对条带测序,条带的光密度信息与监测的地球化学指标进行典型相关分析(CCA)。结果表明B16(Uncultured bacterium)和ε-变性菌纲 (epsilon proteobacterium)与氟含量成正相关;黄杆菌B1 (Flavobacterium)、绿脓假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、B10(Uncultured bacterium)和腐生性葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)与硫化物呈正相关;硫微螺菌(Thiomicrospira arctica) 、黄杆菌B3(Flavobacterium)及阿尔莱葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus arlettae)与氢气呈正相关。断裂带泉水细菌能够对地层深处渗透出的地球化学元素产生灵敏的应答。     

乌鲁木齐10号泉泉水细菌群落对有感地震的响应

摘要:【目的】为了从细胞水平上了解泉水细菌群落对有感地震的映震规律及敏感菌群的代谢特征。【方法】基于2012年1月31日至12月31日,震中距乌鲁木齐10号泉100公里范围内的5次有感地震,利用平板培养计数和BIOLOG GEN III细菌板监测地震前后泉水中细菌群落活性及代谢功能多样性变化。【结果】泉水细菌群落全年呈现随机动态变化,震后可培养细菌菌落数目和细菌群落碳源利用的平均颜色(Average well color development,AWCD)变化高于震前,且表现与震级具有一定相关性;泉水中对有感地震有响应的灵 敏细菌群以糖醇类碳源为主要代谢碳源。【结论】本研究初步证实了GEN III 细菌板能用于泉水细菌群落代谢功能多样性的研究。细菌群落的碳源利用及可培养菌落数目具有一定映震规律。     

海南东寨港红树林不同植被土壤微生物群落结构比较

【目的】比较不同植被下红树林土壤细菌和古菌的多样性及群落结构,认识红树林土壤微生物资源多样性。【方法】直接提取红树林土壤总DNA,采用细菌通用引物27F/1492R和古菌通用引物Arch21F/Arch958R进行PCR扩增,构建细菌和古菌16S rRNA基因文库,对海南东寨港自然保护区秋茄林、无瓣海桑林和无红树林裸滩土壤的细菌和古菌多样性和群落结构进行分析和比较。【结果】3种土壤样品的细菌类群包括变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)等16个类群,其中变形细菌门(Proteobacteria)与绿屈挠菌门(Chloroflexi)是优势类群;古菌包括6个嗜泉古菌界(Crenarchaeota)类群和7个广域古菌界(Euryarchaeota)类群,分别以Marine Benthic Group C、Marine Benthic Group D为优势类群。多样性指数(H’)和物种丰富度指数(Schao1)表明,本地种秋茄林下土壤细菌和古菌的多样性指数最高,外来种无瓣海桑显著低于秋茄林,甚至明显低于相邻无红树林裸滩沉积物;不同植被下土壤细菌和古菌群落结构存在显著差异,秋茄林土壤微生物群落结构和无红树林裸滩沉积物更相似。【结论】红树林土壤微生物类群丰富,不同植被下土壤细菌和古菌多样性和群落结构存在显著差异。     

新疆特殊生境岩石内生细菌末端限制性片段长度多态性技术分析

【目的】了解新疆特殊生境不同类型岩石内生细菌的组成及多样性。【方法】采用末端限制性片段长度多态性技术(Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism,T-RFLP),分析新疆乌苏花岗岩(1号样)、一号冰川和木垒变质岩(2,3号样)、裕民和托克逊岩石漆(4,5号样)内生细菌群落。【结果】样品间多样性指数变化不大;聚类分析表明岩石类型相同,其相似性较高,2号样和3号样聚为一支并与1号样再聚为一支,4号样与5号样聚为一支;各样品共有种群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),1号样存在酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),2号样存在浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes);除5号样优势类群为放线菌门(29.3%),其它4个样品均为变形菌门,只是所占比例略有不同。【结论】生境不同的同类型岩石的内生细菌群落组成存在差异,各类岩石中可能存在大量未知细菌新种。     

新疆乌恰泉华地震前后泉水细菌群落的变化

为了解新疆乌恰泉华地震前后泉水细菌群落的变化,采用微生物纯培养方法结合16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析法对地震前后泉水样品进行研究。结果表明,地震前和地震后可培养菌落的数目、菌群结构和优势菌都存在差异。地震前,25株菌分属于11个科12个属17个种,多数菌落归属于变形菌门γ亚群(Gammaproteobacteria)(82.63%),其中优势菌株为窄食单胞菌属某种\.RB25(Stenotrophomonas sp. RB25)(56.86%)和不动杆菌属某种.RB11(Acinetobacter sp. RB11)(24.31%);地震后,27株菌分属于14个科17个属21个种,总细菌数量减少,但生物多样性提高,变形菌门α亚群(Alphaproteobacteria)(49.64%)上升为优势类群,优势菌株为根瘤菌属某种.RA42(Rhizobium sp. RA42)(28.21%)。该研究为泉水微生物的映震研究积累了资料。     

日偏食对乌鲁木齐空气可培养细菌群落的影响

利用自然沉降法采集2009年7月19日至24日日偏食前后乌鲁木齐空气微生物,以可培养法分析日偏食对其细菌群落组成的影响。结果如下：（1）细菌数量和种类均随日偏食临近而增多,当天达到峰值,随后减少。（2）所获81株细菌经测序及系统发育分析将其归为四个门,分别为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其中放线菌门为优势类群,占细菌总数的54%。（3）不同采样时间细菌群落组成的聚类分析显示,日偏食发生前日（21日）和当日（22日）空气细菌组成较为相似聚为一类,其余日期的聚为一类。（4）典型相关分析(Canonical Correlation Analysis, CCA)发现,放线菌门中菌株与绝大多数大气环境因子呈正相关性;变形菌门和厚壁菌门与大多数大气环境因子呈正相关性;而拟杆菌门中的菌株只与温度、风速和太阳风速度呈正相关。结果表明,日偏食会增加乌鲁木齐空气可培养细菌的数量和种类。     

西藏热泉沉积物的硫氧化细菌多样性及其影响因素

【目的】探究西藏热泉沉积物中硫氧化细菌群落多样性及其环境影响因素。【方法】选取西藏5个地热区的25个热泉样点,现场测量各采样点的水体理化参数,并采集热泉水和沉积物样品。通过功能基因(硫代硫酸盐水解酶编码基因:soxB)克隆文库分析方法,研究沉积物样品中硫氧化细菌群落的组成和多样性,并统计分析其与环境参数之间的相关性。【结果】克隆文库分析结果显示,西藏热泉沉积物样品中的硫氧化细菌主要分属于α-Proteobacteria、β-Proteobacteria和γ-Proteobacteria纲。研究样品中的硫氧化菌群落香农指数与溶解有机碳的浓度(R=0.489,P0.05)呈显著正相关。另外,统计发现西藏各热泉之间的硫氧化菌群落组成差异较大,其优势硫氧化细菌种群差异明显,大多数样点的优势硫氧化细菌种群为β-Proteobacteria,少量样点以α-Proteobacteria和γ-Proteobacteria为主。Mantel检验结果显示,西藏热泉样品中的硫氧化细菌群落组成与温度、硫化物、电导率、海拔、总溶解固体和pH显著(P0.05)相关。【结论】西藏热泉沉积物中的硫氧化细菌群落广泛分布,且主要以变形菌门为主。地理隔离和理化差异导致了热泉沉积物样品间的硫氧化菌群落组成差异。     

放牧对贝加尔针茅草原土壤细菌群落结构的影响

利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术,研究了放牧对贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)草原土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,放牧条件下,贝加尔针茅草原0～20cm土壤中细菌类群包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的α、β、γ、δ变形菌纲,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)等,其中变形菌门、放线菌门属优势类群,疣微菌门细菌是中度放牧样地仅有的类群;典型对应分析表明,土壤细菌群落与放牧强度、土壤理化性状密切相关。轻度放牧样地土壤细菌群落与有机碳、C/N比有较为密切的关系,中度放牧样地土壤细菌群落则与全N有较密切的关系,重度放牧样地土壤细菌群落与土壤pH有关。     

宜春温泉水体与泉底沉积物细菌多样性分析

研究宜春富硒温泉水体与泉底沉积物的细菌群落多样性。利用高通量测序技术分析泉水与沉积物中细菌群落结构与多样性。温泉水中主要的细菌类群为变形菌门和拟杆菌门,而在沉积物样品中的主要优势菌群为OP1、蓝细菌、浮霉菌门和绿弯菌门。细菌在属分类水平上,温泉水中优势菌群为不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、水栖菌属、Thermosynechococcus、鞘脂杆菌属和金黄杆菌属等。沉积物样品细菌中优势菌群属于未知物种,在数据库中并没有相关的注释信息;其中已知的优势菌属为Candidatus acetothermum、Thermosynechococcus、亚热栖菌属、不动杆菌属。宜春温汤富硒温泉水体与沉积物中存在着丰富的微生物群落且组成差异性很大,该研究为了解与发掘温泉微生物菌种资源具有重要价值。     

宋代海底沉船“南海Ⅰ号”出水木质文物中细菌类群

【目的】通过对"南海Ⅰ号"沉船出水木质文物标本中细菌类群的分析,了解饱水木质文物中的细菌类群并推测细菌对木质文物损害的机制。【方法】应用Illumina Mi Seq测序平台对采自该沉船的10份木质文物标本中细菌V3–V4序列进行测序与分析,比较各标本中细菌群落的组成差异。【结果】根据97%序列相似性得到3 780不同的细菌OTUs,分属34目、35科的187个属;多数细菌OTU属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)细菌,占全部细菌OTU的52.9%,在细菌纲水平上γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)(占17.9%)是丰度最高的细菌纲。德沃氏菌属(Devosia)(3.5%)是"南海一号"沉船样品丰度最高的属,其他分别属于甲基娇养杆菌属(Methylotenera)(2.4%)、鼠尾菌属(Muricauda)(1.2%)。其中氢噬胞菌属(Hydrogenophaga)、中国农大湖积物杆菌(Lacibacter cauensis)、德氏食酸菌(Acidovorax delafieldii)、德沃斯氏菌属(Devosia)、沉积物杆状菌属(Sediminibacterium)、缺陷短孢单胞菌(Brevundimonas diminuta)和门多萨假单胞菌(Pseudomonas mendocina)在所有样品中均可检测到。【结论】"南海Ⅰ号"沉船出水木质文物存在着种类丰富的好氧与厌氧细菌种类,多种细菌类群具有较好的纤维素降解能力与铁硫元素转化能力,控制细菌群落中参与分解纤维素的细菌与铁硫循环菌活性对于保护木质文物有重要作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.