Studies of the Liagoraceae (rhodophyta) of Western Australia: Gloiotrichus fractalis gen. et sp. nov. and Ganonema helminthaxis sp. nov.

Two new taxa of Liagoraceae (Nemaliales) are described from Western Australia. Gloiotrichus fractalis gen. et sp. nov. has been collected from 3–20 m depths at the Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. Plants are calcified, extremely lubricous, and grow to 17 cm in length. Carpogonial branches are straight, 6 or 7 cells in length, arise from the basal or lower cells of cortical fascicles, and are occasionally compound. Branched sterile filaments of narrow elongate cells arise on the lower cells of the carpogonial branch prior to gonimoblast initiation, at first on the basal cells, then on progressively more distal cells. Following presumed fertilisation the carpogonium divides transversely, with both cells giving rise to gonimoblast filaments. The distal cells of the carpogonial branch then begin to fuse, with fusion progressing proximally until most of the cells of the carpogonial branch are included. As fusion extends, the filaments on the carpogonial branch are reduced to the basal 2 or 3 cells. The gonimoblast is compact and bears terminal carposporangia. Spermatangial clusters arise on subterminal cells of the cortex, eventually displacing the terminal cells. The sequence of pre- and post-fertilisation events occurring in the new genus separates it from all others included in the Liagoraceae, although it appears to have close affinities with the uncalcified genus Nemalion. Ganonema helminthaxis sp. nov. was collected from 12 m depths at Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Plants are uncalcified and mucilaginous, the axes consisting of a few (< 10) primary medullary filaments, each cell of which gives rise to a cortical fascicle at alternate forks of the pseudodichotomies borne on successive medullary cells. Subsidiary (adventitious) filaments and rhizoids comprise the bulk of the thallus. Carpogonial branches are straight, (3-)4(-6) cells in length, arise on the basal 1–4 cells of the cortical fascicles, and are frequently compound. Carposporophytes develop from the upper of two daughter cells formed by a transverse division of the fertilised carpogonium. Ascending and descending sterile filaments girdle the carpogonial branch cells and arise mostly on the supporting cell prior to fertilisation. Ganonema helminthaxis is the first completely non-calcified member of the genus, and its reproductive and vegetative morphology supports the recognition of Ganonema as a genus independent from Liagora. Liagora codii Womersley is a southern Australian species displaying features of Ganonema, to which it is transferred.     

ASTEROMENIA (RHODYMENIACEAE,RHODYMENIALES), A NEW RED ALGAL GENUS BASED ON FAUCHEA PELTATA1

Asteromenia gen. nov. (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta) is proposed with a single species, Asteromenia peltata (W. R. Taylor) comb. nov. (basionym: Fauchea peltata W. R. Taylor). Thalli of the proposed new genus are stipitate with dorsiventral, peltate blades that are initially circular in shape but with age become stellate with ligulate arms. Internally, the blades have a polystromatic medulla of large, hyaline cells, grading into a cortex of smaller, pigmented cells. Clusters of translucent cells occur on the dorsal surface of the blade. Tetrasporangia are formed by transformations of intercalary midcortical cells. Mature tetrasporangia have cruciately arranged spores and are densely aggregated in the cortex, mostly on the ventral surface, but occasional tetrasporangia also arise on the dorsal surface. Carpogonial branches are four-celled and arise on inner cortical cells. Auxiliary cells are borne on auxiliary mother cells attached to supporting cells of the carpogonial branches. Cystocarps are protuberant, with well-developed, ostiolate pericarps that often have extended, proboscis-like necks. The new genus differs from the previously described peltate or dorsiventral taxa in the Rhodymeniaceae by its polystromatic medulla (Maripelta and Sciadophycus have a monostromatic medulla), intercalary tetrasporangia formed in an unmodified cortex, and four-celled carpogonial branches (Halichrysis, as typified by H. depressa (J. Agardh) F. Schmitz, has terminal tetrasporangia in nemathecia and three-celled carpogonial branches).     

湖北元古代微体化石新材料

黄麦岭磷矿的8个中元古代黄麦岭组变质岩地层剖面中发现了两类微体化石。一类是丁丁虫中的Funnelasinensisgen.etsp.nov.,另一类是球形分类位置未定的Sinosphaera hubeiensisgen.etsp.nov.。两者均为多细胞化石,它们都含磷。在该磷矿中,凡是含微体化石越多的层位,磷矿的品位也就越高。     

武夷山白粉菌的新属新种

本文报告了武夷山白粉菌的2个新分类单位,即寄生于短尾鹅耳枥的新属新种武夷顶叉钩丝壳(Furcouncinula wuyiensis Chen et Gao gen.et sp.nov.)和寄生于清风藤的新种清风藤球针壳(Phyllactinia sabiae Chen et Gao sp.nov.)。武夷顶叉钩丝壳由于其附属丝的独特形态,与已知的白粉菌科各属均显著不同,故建立为新属。新属、新种均有汉文及拉丁文描述。     

A critical survey of the evidence for the occurrence of Helminthocladia agardhiana Dixon [H. hudsoni J. Ag. pro parte] in Europe

An examination of cystocarps from the rarely collected southern Australian alga currently known as Lomentaria corynephora (J. Agardh) Kylin has shown it to be a member of the Rhodymeniales but incorrectly placed in Lomentaria. As it is not referable to any of the genera presently ascribed to the order, the new genus Semnocarpa is proposed to accommodate its suite of unique features. Semnocarpa closely resembles Lomentaria in habit and in having basally septate branches, a peripheral network of widely separated medullary filaments around the cell-free (but mucilage-filled) centres of the main and lateral axes, gland cells directed inwardly on scattered medullary cells, and tetrasporangia produced laterally from surface cortical cells that line deep cavities in the branch surfaces. Features of the mature cystocarp, however, strongly differentiate Semnocarpa from Lomentaria. The carposporophyte has a fusion cell in which outlines of the component cells remain discernible, as opposed to having a fully consolidated fusion cell, and is laxly enclosed in a system of filaments derived from surrounding inner cortical cells. The cystocarp is entirely submerged within the bearing branch, there being no protuberant pericarp derived from the outer cortex of the sort previously thought to be a uniform feature of the family Lomentariaceae and virtually all Rhodymeniales. These features suggest that Semnocarpa is likely to be a highly derived member of the Lomentariaceae. A second species is newly described from material collected in Western Australia. Semnocarpa minuta sp. nov. differs from S. corynephora in its exclusively epiphytic habit, two-layered medulla, smaller stature and extensive crustose holdfast.     

Nemerteans of the Great Barrier Reef 3. Anopla Heteronemertea (Lineidae)

Nine species of lineid heteronemerteans are recorded from the Great Barrier Reef province of Australia. Six of these are new species, including four new genera, and are fully described and illustrated. These are Aetheorhynchus actites gen. et sp. nov. , Bennettiainsularis gen. et sp. nov., Cerebratulus magnetkus sp. nov., Colemania albulus gen. et sp. nov., Mkrura tridacnae sp. nov. and Quasilineus pulcherrimus gen. ct sp. nov. Lineus tricuspidatus (Quoy & Gaimard) is re-established, illustrated and described. Gorgonorhynchus repens Dakin & Fordham and Parborlasia hutchingsi Gibson have been fully described elsewhere, but a full list of known locations is provided.     

睡鼠科一新属新种——四川毛尾睡鼠

睡鼠科主要分布于古北界,现已发现的现在种7属14种(Corbet 1980)。Daams(1981)系统的研究了本科,并建议下隶5亚科,28属,现生种仅隶4亚科。即道睡鼠亚科Gliravinae(2化石属),普通睡鼠亚科 Glirinae(6属,现生2属2种),林睡鼠亚科Dryominae(7属,现生3属4种),鼠睡鼠亚科Myomiminae(9属,现生1属2种)及非洲睡鼠亚科Graphiurinae(4属,现生1属1种)。     

NORTH CAROLINA MARINE ALGAE. XI. A NEW SPECIES OF HELMINTHOCLADIA (LIAGORACEAE,NEMALIALES, RHODOPHYTA) WITH A REAPPRAISAL OF THE GENERIC LIMITS OF HELMINTHOCLADIA AND HELMINTHORA1

A new species in the Liagoraceae (Nemaliales) having vegetative and male reproductive characteristics usually associated with the genus Helminthora is assigned to Helminthocladia (as Helminthocladia andersonii Searles & Lewis) on the basis of the shape of the conical carpogonial protoplast, three-celled carpogonial filament, development of the carposporophyte from both cells formed by division of the zygote and development of the involucre without the formation of a bridge around the zygote or formation of rhizoids from the involucre. All of these are consistent characteristics of Helminthocladia and distinguish its species from those of Helminthora.     

云南省蚱科一新属新种(直翅目:蚱科)

本文报道蚱科一新属一新种。新属,微翅蚱属Alulatettix gen nov.的主要特征是前胸背板强烈隆起呈屋脊形,前胸背板侧片后缘具二凹陷,前、后翅甚微小。其模式种为云南微翅蚱Alulatettix yunnanensis sp.nov.