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1.
J. C. Hunter 《Trees - Structure and Function》1997,11(3):169-175
For the angiosperm dominants of northern California’s mixed evergreen forests, this study compares the display of photosynthetic
tissue within leaves and along branches, and examines the correspondence between these morphological attributes and the known
environmental tolerances of these species. Measurements were made on both sun and shade saplings of six species: Arbutus
m
e
n
z
i
e
s
i
i (Ericaceae), C
h
r
y
s
o
l
e
p
i
s
c
h
r
y
s
o
p
h
y
l
l
a (Fagaceae), L
i
t
h
o
c
a
r
p
u
s
d
e
n
s
i
f
l
o
r
u
s (Fagaceae), Quercus
c
h
r
y
s
o
l
e
p
i
s (Fagaceae), Quercus
w
i
s
l
i
z
e
n
i
i (Fagaceae), and Umbellularia
c
a
l
i
f
o
r
n
i
c
a (Lauraceae). All species had sclerophyllous leaves with thick epidermal walls, but species differed in leaf specific weight,
thickness of mesophyll tissues and in the presence of a hypodermis, crystals, secretory idioblasts, epicuticular deposits,
and trichomes. The leaves of Arbutus were 2 – 5 times larger than those of C
h
r
y
s
o
l
e
p
i
s, L
i
t
h
o
c
a
r
p
u
s and Umbellularia and 4 – 10 times larger than those of both Quercus species. Together with differences in branch architecture, these leaf traits divide the species into groups corresponding
to environmental tolerances. Shade-tolerant C
h
r
y
s
o
l
e
p
i
s, L
i
t
h
o
c
a
r
p
u
s, and Umbellularia had longer leaf lifespans and less palisade tissue, leaf area, and crown mass per volume than the intermediate to intolerant
Arbutus and Quercus. Having smaller leaves, Quercus branches had more branch mass per leaf area and per palisade volume than other species, whereas Arbutus had less than other species. These differences in display of photosynthetic tissue should contribute to greater growth for
Quercus relative to the other species under high light and limited water, for Arbutus under high light and water availability, and for C
h
r
y
s
o
l
e
p
i
s, L
i
t
h
o
c
a
r
p
u
s, and Umbellularia under limiting light levels.
Accepted: 22 March 1996 相似文献
2.
Russell Taylor 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2009,18(10):2563-2583
Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) is a long-term programmatic approach to rural development
that uses wildlife and other natural resources as a mechanism for promoting devolved rural institutions and improved governance
and livelihoods. The cornerstone of CAMPFIRE is the right to manage, use, dispose of, and benefit from these resources. Between
1989 and 2006, CAMPFIRE income, mostly from high valued safari hunting, totalled nearly USD
30 million, of which 52 allocated to sub-district wards and villages for community projects and household benefits. Whilst a number of assumptions underlying the success of CAMPFIRE as an innovative model for CBNRM have yet to be met, CAMPFIRE confirms the concept that devolving responsibility and accountability for natural resource management can be highly effective for the collective and participatory management of such resources. Elephant numbers in CAMPFIRE areas have increased and buffalo numbers are either stable or decreased slightly during the life of the programme. However, offtake quotas for these two species have increased with a concomitant decline in trophy quality. Although the amount of wildlife habitat diminished after 1980, following the commencement of CAMPFIRE the rate of habitat loss slowed down and in some specific instances was even reversed. More recently there has been increased pressure on habitats and other natural resources as a consequence of deterioraa
30 million, of which 52% was
allocated to sub-district wards and villages for community projects and household benefits. Whilst a number of assumptions
underlying the success of CAMPFIRE as an innovative model for CBNRM have yet to be met, CAMPFIRE confirms the concept that
devolving responsibility and accountability for natural resource management can be highly effective for the collective and
participatory management of such resources. Elephant numbers in CAMPFIRE areas have increased and buffalo numbers are either
stable or decreased slightly during the life of the programme. However, offtake quotas for these two species have increased
with a concomitant decline in trophy quality. Although the amount of wildlife habitat diminished after 1980, following the
commencement of CAMPFIRE the rate of habitat loss slowed down and in some specific instances was even reversed. More recently
there has been increased pressure on habitats and other natural resources as a consequence of deteriorating socio-economic
conditions in the country. Where devolution has been successful, promising results have been achieved and the recent acceptance
and implementation of direct payments to communities is probably the most significant development since 2000. That this has
happened can be attributed to CAMPFIRE enabling communities to maximize their roles within the existing set of rules, and
by so doing, allowing these rules to be challenged. Donor (73%) and government (27%) investments into the programme amounted
to 35 million during the period 1989 to 2003. Since 2003 however, donor funding has been reduced to <$600,000 over the past
5 years. 相似文献
3.
CHRISTOPHE DAUGERON PATRICK GROOTAERT 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2005,145(3):339-391
Six clades are inferred from a phylogenetic analysis including 42 species belonging to the Empis (Coptophlebia) hyalea‐group. These clades are named as follows: E. (C.) acris, E. (C.) aspina, E. (C.) atratata, E. (C.) hyalea, E. (C.) jacobsoni and E. (C.) nahaeoensis. The presence of two dorsal more or less developed epandrial projections is considered autapomorphic for the E. (C.) hyalea‐group in addition to two characters previously found to support the monophyly of this group (presence of an unsclerotized zone in the middle of labella and epandrium unpaired). Amongst the cladistically analysed species, 24 are newly described [ E. ( C. ) acris , E. ( C. ) aspina , E. ( C. ) cameronensis , E. ( C. ) duplex , E. ( C. ) incurva , E. ( C. ) inferiseta , E. ( C. ) kuaensis , E. ( C. ) lachaisei , E. ( C. ) lamellalta , E. ( C. ) lata , E. ( C. ) loici , E. ( C. ) longiseta , E. ( C. ) mengyangensis , E. ( C. ) menglunensis , E. ( C. ) missai , E. ( C. ) nimbaensis , E. ( C. ) padangensis , E. ( C. ) parvula , E. ( C. ) projecta , E. ( C. ) pseudonahaeoensis , E. ( C. ) submetallica , E. ( C. ) urumae , E. ( C. ) vitisalutatoris and E. ( C. ) woitapensis ], five are reviewed [E. (C.) hyalea Melander, E. (C.) jacobsoni De Meijere, E. (C.) ostentator Melander, E. (C.) sinensis Melander and E. (C.) thiasotes Melander] and 13 were recently described in two previous papers. Two additional species, E. (C.) abbrevinervis De Meijere and E. (C.) multipennata Melander, are also reviewed but not included in the cladistic analysis since they are only known from the female. A lectotype is designated for E. (C.) jacobsoni. A key is provided to the six clades of the E. (C.) hyalea‐group as well as to species of each clade. A catalogue of the E. (C.) hyalea‐group, including 72 species, is given. The taxonomic status of 25 additional species mainly described by Bezzi and Brunetti, from the Oriental and Australasian regions, is discussed. The E. (C.) hyalea‐group is firstly recorded from the Palaearctic Region and Australia. Finally, the distribution and the habitats of the species compared with their phylogeny suggest a possible relationship between the diversification of the group and forest fragmentations during the Quaternary. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 145 , 339–391. 相似文献
4.
5.
Kwang‐Su Lee Tae Hwa Kang Ji Woong Jeong Dong Pyo Ryu Heung‐Sik Lee 《Entomological Research》2015,45(5):225-234
A taxonomic review of the Korean Lymantria Hübner, 1819 was conducted. A total of nine species of five subgenera with two unrecorded species are listed: Lymantria (Porthetria) dispar Linnaeus 1758, L. (P.) xylina Swinhoe 1903, L. (Lymantria) monacha (Linnaeus 1758), L. (L.) minomonis Matsumura 1933 (new to Korea), L. (L.) similis monachoides Schintlimeister 2004 (new to Korea), L. (L.) lucescens (Butler 1881), L. (Nyctria) mathura Moore 1865, L. (Collentria) fumida Butler 1877, and L. (Spinotria) bantaizana Matsumura 1933. Lymantria (Lymantria) minomonis and L. (L.) similis monachoides are newly added to the Korean fauna. Lymantria (L.) minomonis was found only on Bogildo Island of Jeollanam‐do in the southern part of Korea, and L. (L.) similis monachoides was collected in central Korea. Lymantria (Porthetria) xylina and L. (Collentria) fumida were not examined in this study, and it is considered that the previous records were due to misidentification or they are only distributed in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. We provide diagnoses of two unrecorded species and adult habitus and genitalia photos of the Korean Lymantria species. 相似文献
6.
Serological characterization of threeK-S interval recombinant strains, TBR2 (H-2
at2
), TBR3 (H-2
at3
) and AIR1 (H-2
a2
) was performed using anti-H-2, Ia, Ss and Slp antisera. The data presented here reveal that the crossover events in both TBR2 and TBR3 occurred between theI-A andI-E subregions. In both cases, theH-2K andI-A subregions were derived from theH-2
t1
chromosome, while theI-E, S andH-2D regions were derived from theH-2
b
chromosome (K
s
A
k
E
b
S
b
D
b
). TheH-2
a2
chromosome resulted from a crossover event between theH-2
a1
andH-2
i9
chromosomes. Ia and Ss typing of AIR1 suggested that theK toI-E regions originated fromH-2
a1
and theS andD regions originated fromH-2
i9
(K
k
A
k
E
k
S
b
D
d
). 相似文献
7.
8.
Food attraction of the fungivorous nematodes Aphelenchus avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. to seven fungal species (Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani strains AG 3 and AG 2‐1, Verticillium dahliae, Pochonia bulbillosa, Mortierella hyalina and Trichoderma harzianum) was determined on agar plates by counting the number of test nematodes present on the mycelium of each fungus 24 h after inoculation. Population growth of A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. on five of the seven fungi included in the attraction test (P. lycopersici, R. solani strain AG 3, V. dahliae, P. bulbillosa and T. harzianum) was also determined on agar plates by counting nematode numbers every week during a 6‐week period. A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. were attracted to all the fungi tested. A. avenae was preferentially attracted to V. dahliae (P < 0.0001), and Aphelenchoides spp. did not show any preference except for low attraction to R. solani. A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. reproduced on all fungal species tested. After 6 weeks of incubation, the highest number of nematodes was found on P. lycopersici and P. bulbillosa, while the lowest number occurred on R. solani for A. avenae and on T. harzianum for Aphelenchoides spp. The suitability of a fungus as a host was not clearly related to the attraction to that fungus. 相似文献
9.
10.
Aims: To evaluate the frequency of the aerolysin (aerA), cytotoxic enterotoxin (alt) and serine protease (ahp) genes in Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from different sources, and to determine the relationship between the presence of these genes and virulence of A. hydrophila in zebrafish. Methods and Results: Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from clinical cases (n = 40), from healthy fish (n = 22) and from water environment (n = 21) were analysed with respect to the prevalence of aerA, alt and ahp genes by PCR assay. These virulence factors occur among clinical isolates as well as among isolates from healthy fish and water environment. The majority (97·6%) of the strains examined carried one or more virulence genes. The isolates were divided into seven genetic profiles on the basis of PCR result: aerA+alt+ahp+ (62·7%), aerA+alt+ahp? (13·3%), aerA+alt?ahp+ (10·8%), aerA?alt+ahp+ (4·8%), aerA?alt?ahp+ (3·6%), aerA+alt?ahp? (2·4%) and aerA?alt?ahp? (2·4%). A higher frequency of genetic group aerA+alt+ahp+ was determined in the isolates from diseased animals compared to those from healthy fish or water environments. Virulence properties of 26 representative strains belonging to the seven genetic profiles were further characterized. Results demonstrated that as the present of virulence genes increased, the proteolytic, haemolytic and cytotoxic activities of extracellular products also increased. And the 50% lethal doses (LD50s) of aerA+alt+ahp+ isolates (<105) in zebrafish were lower when compared with the strains expressing one or combinations of two virulence genes (>106). Conclusions: Virulence properties of A. hydrophila correlated well with the presence of virulence genes tested. aerA+alt+ahp+ was more frequent virulence genotype in A. hydrophila isolates from clinical diseases than from healthy fish and water environment, and the aerA+alt+ahp+ isolates were more virulent to zebrafish compared to the other six genetic profiles. Significant and Impact of the Study: The detection for aerA, alt and ahp can be used for virulence typing of A. hydrophila isolates. 相似文献
11.
Fujii T Tanaka N Yokoyama T Ninaki O Oshiki T Ohnuma A Tazima Y Banno Y Ajimura M Mita K Seki M Ohbayashi F Shimada T Abe H 《Genetica》2006,127(1-3):253-265
Bombyx mori is a female-heterogametic organism (female, ZW; male, ZZ) that appears to have a putative feminizing gene (Fem) on the W chromosome. The paternally transmitted mutant W chromosome, Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem, derived from the translocation-carrying W chromosome (p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
), is inert as femaleness determinant. Moreover, this Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem chromosome has been thought to have a female-killing factor because no female larvae having the Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem chromosome are produced. Initially, to investigate whether the Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem chromosome contains any region of the W chromosome or not, we analyzed the presence or absence of 12 W-specific RAPD markers.
The Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem chromosome contained 3 of 12 W-specific RAPD markers. These results strongly indicate that the Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem chromosome contains the region of the W chromosome. Moreover, by using phenotypic and molecular markers, we confirmed that
the Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem chromosome is connected with a partially deleted Z chromosome and that this fused chromosome behaves as a Z chromosome during
male meiosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the ZZW-type triploid female having the Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem chromosome is viable. Therefore, we concluded that the Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem chromosome does not have a female-killing factor but that partial deletion of the Z chromosome causes the death of the ZW-type
diploid female having the Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem chromosome. Additionally, our results of detailed genetic analyses strongly indicate that the female-killing chromosome composed
of the Df(p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
)Fem chromosome and deleted Z chromosome was generated by translocation between the Z chromosome and the translocation-carrying
W chromosome, p
Sa
+
p
W +
od
. 相似文献
12.
This paper summarizes the data on the oribatid mite fauna of the family Suctobelbidae Grandjean, 1954, recorded from the Caucasus.
The distribution of 47 species of the genera Suctobelba Paoli, 1908, Suctobelbella Jacot, 1937, and Suctobelbila Jacot, 1937 in the territory of the Caucasus is shown. The following five new species and four new subspecies are described:
Suctobelba cornigera sp. n., S. flagelliseta sp. n., S. scalpellata caucasica ssp. n., Suctobelbella (Suctobelbella) liacariformis sp. n., S. (S.) acutidens pilososetosa ssp. n., S. (S.) subcornigera maculata ssp. n., S. (Flagrosuctobelba) diversosetosa arilloi ssp. n., S. (F.) nana sp. n., and S. (F.) sensillinuda sp. n. Four species belonging to the genus Suctobelbella changed their status: S. (S.) acutidens duplex (Strenzke, 1950) stat. n., S. (S.) acutidens sarekensis (Forsslund, 1941) stat. n., S. (S.) subcornigera vera (Moritz, 1964) stat. n. and S. (Flagrosuctobelba) forsslundi moritzi Mahunka, 1987 stat. n. S. (S.) hammerae (Krivolutsky, 1965) was synonymized to S. (S.) acutidens duplex. The genus Suctobelbila and the species Suctobelbila dentata europaea Moritz, 1974, Suctobelba altvateri Moritz, 1970, S. atomaria Moritz, 1970, S. secta Moritz, 1970, Suctobelbella (S.) acutidens sarekensis, S. (S.) hastata Pankow, 1986, S. (S.) subcornigera vera stat. n., S. (Flagrosuctobelba) ancorhina Chinone, 2003, S. (F.) elegantula (Hammer, 1958), S (F.) flagellifera Chinone, 2003, S (F.) granifera Chinone, 2003, S. (F.) forsslundi moritzi Mahunka, 1987 stat. n., and S. (F.) multiplumosa (Hammer, 1979) are recorded from the Caucasus for the first time. A key to the species is given. 相似文献
13.
The D region of the H-2
d
haplotype contains five class I genes: H-2D
d
, D2
d
, D3
d
, D4
d
and H-2L
d
. Although previous studies have suggested the presence of D-end encoded class I molecules in addition to H-2Dd and H-2Ld, segregation of genes encoding such molecules has not been demonstrated. In this report we have used cãtotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to examine the D region of the H-2
d
haplotype for the presence of additional class I molecules. CTL generated in (C3H × B6.K1)F1 (K
k
D
k
, K
b
D
b
) mice against the hybrid class I gene product Q10d/Ld expressed on L cells cross-react with H-2Ld but not H-2Dd molecules, as determined by lysis of transfected cells expressing H-2Ld but not H-2Dd. Although H-2Ld-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) completely inhibit H-2Ld-specific CTL from killing B10.A(3R) (K
b
D
d
L
d
) target cells, only partial inhibition of anti-Q10 CTL-mediated lysis was observed, suggesting the presence of an additional D-end molecule as a target for these latter CTL. To identify the region containing the gene encoding the Q10 cross-reactive molecule, we show that anti-Q10 CTL lyse target cells from a D-region recombinant strain B10.RQDB, which has H-2D
d
, D2
d
, D3
d
, D4
d
, and H-2D
b
but not the H-2L
d
H-2
d
, and H-2L
d
(including D2
d
, D3
d
, and D4
d
, lacks this anti-Q10 CTL target molecule. Together, these data demonstrate that a class I gene mapping between H-2D
d
and H-2L
d
encodes an antigen recognozed by anti-Q10 CTL. A likely candidate for this gene is D2
d
, D3
d
or D4
d
. 相似文献
14.
H. M. Rüffer Liwei Wan A. Lübbert K. Schügerl 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》1994,11(4):153-159
Gas-residence time distribution (RTD) response curves measured in a 23 m high pilot plant airlift tower loop reactor, which consisted of a riser, a special downcomer construction and at the top of the riser a large head. The measurements were evaluated by means of a deterministic dispersion model, which yielded the following particular parameters for the riser, downcomer and the head: Gas-Bo numbers, gas-mean residence times, gas holdups, liquid velocities, gas and liquid circulation times as well as a fraction of the large and small bubbles in a model medium (water) and during cultivation of baker's yeast.List of Symbols
A
cross section
-
Bo
Bodenstein number
-
Bo
d
(= l
d
w
G,d
/D
d
)
-
Bo
h
(= l
h
w
G,h
/D
h
)
-
Bo
r
(= l
r
w
G,r
/D
r
)
-
D
longitudinal dispersion coefficient
-
E
gas holdup
-
E(t)
RTD-density function
-
L, l
length parameter
-
q
fraction of the gas throughput which is not recirculated (approximately equal to fraction of the large bubbles)
-
r
fraction of the throughput which is recirculated (approximately equal to the fraction of the small bubbles)
-
t
c
circulation time
-
t
cL
liquid circulation time
-
t
c,L
*
liquid circulation time calculated from the measured w
Ld
in the downcomer
-
V
h
hydrodynamical calculated gas-liquid volume
-
V
d
h
(=V
d+0.75/2 V
k
)
-
V
k
h
=(0.25V
k
)
-
V
r
h
= (V
r+0.75/2 V
k
)
-
V
L
liquid volume
-
V
G
dispersed gas volume
-
V
G
*
gas throughput at the gas distributor (given in m3/h) under standard conditions, 1 bar and 25°C)
-
V
G,d
*
gas throughput in downcomer (=V
G
*
)
-
V
G,h
*
gas throughput in head (=V
G
*
)
-
V
G,r
*
gas throughput in riser (V
G
*
(1+)
-
w
g
gas velocity
-
w
G,rel
relative gas velocity with respect to the liquid velocity w
L
-
w
G,d
gas velocity in the downcomer (=w
G,rel
–w
Ld
)
-
w
G,h
gas velocity in the head (=w
G,rel
) (since wLh = o)
-
w
G,r
gas velocity in the riser (=w
G,rel
+w
Lr
)
-
w
L
liquid velocity
-
w
L,d
liquid velocity in the downcomer measured with mass flow meter
-
w
sg
·w
SL
superficial gas and liquid velocities
-
first moment of the response curve
-
mean residence time
Indices
d
downcomer
-
G
gas phase
-
h
head
-
L
liquid phase
-
r
riser
-
h
hydrodynamic (upper position)
Dedicated to the 65th birthday of Proffessor Fritz Wagner.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Krupp Industrietechnik, Grevenbroich and the support of Pleser Co, Darmstadt. H. M. Rüffer thanks the Verband der Chemischen Industrie for a Fond der Chemie scholarship, and W. Liwei thanks the government of Lower Saxony for a graduate scholarship. 相似文献
15.
Ohne ZusammenfassungZeichenerklärung
Aa
Augenanlage
-
Abs
Abdominalsegment 1–6
-
äG
äußeres Ganglion
-
Ak
Augenkapsel
-
Akb
Augenkapselbildungszellen
-
ä.Kr.
Äeßere Kreuzung
-
Bm
Basalmembran
-
Bz.
Basalzelle
-
Dv
Dorsalverfalzung
-
El
Elytre
-
Fe
Femur
-
Fg
Fettgewebe
-
GZ
Ganglienzellen
-
GMZ
Ganglienmutterzellen
-
HBH
hinterer Bildungsherd
-
HC
hintere Coxa
-
HPZ
Hauptpigmentzellen
-
Hy
Hypodormis
-
HZ
Stützzellen
-
Z
Imaginalscheibe
-
i.G.
inneres Ganglion
-
i.Kr.
innere Kreuzung
-
K
Kornea
-
KK
Kristallkegel
-
KKZ
Kristallkegelzellen
-
KZ
Korneagenzellen
-
LH
Lamellenhaare
-
MC
mittlere Coxa
-
MG
mittleres Ganglion
-
Neur
Neuroblast
-
Nf
Nervenfaser
-
N.opt.
Nervus opticus (Nervenbündelschict)
-
NPZ
Nebenpigmentzellen
-
N.st.
Nervus stemmaticus
-
o.A.
oberes Auge
-
P.
Punkte auf den Elytren mit Chitinzapfen
-
Ph
Phagozyten
-
R.
Rhabdom
-
Ret
Retinula
-
RZK
Retinulazellkerne
-
Ret.Z.
Retinulazellen
-
r.f.
Musculus rotator femuris
-
rud. St.
rudimentäre Stemmata
-
SZ
Sehzellen
-
S.V.
seitliche Verfalzung
-
Ta 1–4
Tarsus 1–4
-
Ti
Tibia
-
Ti.T.
Tibialtasche
-
Tr.
Trachee
-
u.A.
Unteres Auge
-
V.C.
vordere Coxa
-
VBH
vorderer Bildungsherd
-
Z
Zuwachszone
-
ZG
Zellgrenze 相似文献
16.
Alwine Friele 《Zoomorphology》1930,18(1-2):249-288
Ohne ZusammenfassungErklärung der Abbildungsbezeichnungen
Abd.sgmt.
Abdominalsegment
-
Anhdr.
Anhangsdrüse
-
Apz.
Apikalzelle
-
Chrom.
Chromatin
-
D.
Darm
-
deg.
degeneriert
-
Duct. ejac.
Ductus ejaculatorius
-
Epth.
Epithel
-
Fa.
Falte
-
Fttk.
Fettkörper
-
Greg.
Gregarinen
-
Gstrg.
Genitalstrang
-
Ho.
Hoden
-
Hok.
Hodenkörperchen
-
Hü.
Hülle
-
Hyp.
Hypodermis
-
K.
Kern
-
Kdr.
Keimdrüse
-
Me
Membran
-
Mu
Muskulatur
-
Nu
Nucleolus
-
Oog.
Oogonien
-
Plstr.
Plasmastränge
-
Prost.dr.
Prostatadrüsen
-
R. T.
Reifeteilung
-
Siph.sgmt.
Siphonalsegment
-
Sp.
Spermien
-
Spb.
Spermienbündel
-
Sptd.
Spermatiden
-
Sptg.
Spermatogonien
-
Sptgk.
Spermatogonienkomplex
-
Vas def.
Vas deferens
-
Za.
Zapfen
-
Ze.
Zellen
-
Zyep.
Zylinderepithel 相似文献
17.
Dr. Werner Herold 《Zoomorphology》1928,10(2-3):420-432
Ohne ZusammenfassungAbkürzung der Artnamen
C.
Cylisticus convexus (de Geer)
-
O.
Oniscus asellus L.
-
P.p.
Porcellio (Euporcellio) pictus
Br.
-
P.r.
Porcellio (Tracheoniscus) rathkei
Br.
-
P.sc.
Porcellio (Euporcellio) scaber
Latr.
-
Tr.
Trichoniscus (Spiloniscus) pusillus caelebs (Verhoeff), zum Teil mit Kolonien von Tr. elisabethae
Herold 相似文献
18.
Genetics of tolerance to iron chlorosis was investigated in eight crosses involving parents distinctly different in their level of tolerance. The segregating populations with parents and F1s were screened under actual stress conditions in the field. Also, selected crosses were studied for Fe3+ uptake capacity. Tolerance/moderate tolerance to Fe chlorosis was dominant over susceptibility and it was controlled by two sets of nonallelic genes with complementary interaction. Gene Ic
1 has been found to be basic and in complementation with Ic
3 it confers tolerance. Likewise, Ic
2 with Ic
4 confers tolerance. The basic genes Ic
1 and Ic
2 are nonallelic and, in the absence of their respective complementary genes Ic
3
and
4
, ineffective, which results in susceptibility. Of tolerant cultivars, ARC 10372 and Cauvery have been tentatively assigned the genotype of Ic
1
, Ic
2
, Ic
3
, Ic
4
, and moderately tolerant IET 7613, Prasanna and Akashi Ic
1
,
2
Ic
3
Ic
4
. The susceptible ARC 5723 has been assigned Ic
1
,
2
, Ic
3
, Ic
4
, and IET 9829, Ic
1
,
2
Ic
3
Ic
4
. IET 7614 is susceptible, due to the presence of inhibitory genes I-Ic
1
, I-Ic
2
together with ic
1
pt>, ic
2
, Ic
3
, Ic
4
. Further, the gene Pc for purple coleoptile shows linkage with one of the complementary genes with a crossover value of 15.26%, while the gene(s) for seedling height Ts with Ic
1 with a crossover value of 1.7%. It is possible that the gene(s) for iron chlorosis tolerance might belong to the second linkage group, where genes for purple leaf were located. 相似文献
19.
Roots of 40 taxa of higher plants (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta) from two alpine study sites in Denali National Park and Preserve
in central Alaska were examined for their mycorrhizal colonization. We observed ectomycorrhizae on six species: Betula
nana, Salix
reticulata, Salix
polaris, Salix
arctica, Polygonum
viviparum, and Dryas
octopetala. Seven taxa, Cassiope
tetragona, Empetrum
nigrum, Ledum
palustre subsp. decumbens, Ledum
palustre subsp. groenlandicum, Loiseleuria
procumbens, Vaccinium
uliginosum and Vaccinium
vitis–idaea (all Ericales), had ericoid mycorrhizae. One species, Arctostaphylos
alpina, formed a typical arbutoid mycorrhiza. Two species (Sibbaldia
procumbens and Aconitum
delphinifolium) showed well-developed VA mycorrhizae, whereas three species of plants (Lycopodium
clavatum, Silene
acaulis and Oxytropis
scammaniana) had vesicles, but no arbuscules. The roots of 11 other plants (Lycopodium
clavatum, Lycopodium
selago, Silene
acaulis, Gentiana
algida, Lupinus
arcticus, Oxytropis
scammaniana, Pedicularis
langsdorffii, Pedicularis
capitata, Pedicularis
verticillata, Artemisia sp. and Carex
bigelowii) had a variety of intracellular colonizations which are referred to as dark septate fungi. No mycorrhizae were found on 12
other plants: Equisetum
arvense, Equisetum
variegatum, Lycopodium
alpinum, Polygonum
bistorta, Saxifraga
hieracifolia, Saxifraga
hirculus, Astragalus
alpinus, Pedicularis
kanei, Petasites
frigidus, Carex
podocarpa, Carex
microchaeta and Poa
arctica. A possible ecological role of dark septate fungi is discussed.
Accepted: 4 August 1995 相似文献
20.
Phytochemical Study of Juglans regia L. Pericarps from Greece with a Chemotaxonomic Approach
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Phytochemical research of different polarity extracts from green Juglans regia L. pericarps from Greece afforded 32 compounds: four pentacyclic triterpenes (1 – 4), three sesquiterpenes (5 – 7), four tetralones (8 – 11), two naphthoquinones (12 and 13), seven phenolic acids (14 – 20), one diarylheptanoid (21), one neo‐lignan (22), seven flavonoids (23 – 29), two phenylethanoids (30 and 31) and one hydrolysed tannin (32). Compounds 4 and 29 are isolated for the first time from the species, while compounds 3, 7, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 30 are reported for the first time in Juglandaceae. Chemotaxonomic significance of isolated compounds into Junglandaceae family is thoroughly discussed. 相似文献