鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp．)营养成分分析

研究分析了混合鱼腥藻粉的营养成分,结果表明混合鱼腥藻粉蛋白质含量为４０．５％;氨基酸组成符合联合国粮农卫生组织规定的标准;并含有较丰富的糖类、脂肪酸、无机元素和色素。证实了鱼腥藻可以作为蛋白饲料资源开发和利用。     

鱼腥藻（Anabaena sp．）营养成分分析

研究分析了混合鱼腥藻粉的营养成分,结果表明混合鱼腥藻粉蛋白质含量为４０．５％;氨基酸组成符合联合国粮农卫生组织（ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ）规定的标准;并含有较丰富的糖类、脂肪酸、无机元素和色素。证实了鱼腥藻可以作为蛋白饲料资源开发和利用。     

饲料中添加杜仲叶粉对黄河鲤体成分、肌肉氨基酸组成和生理指标的影响

试验以黄河鲤(Cyprinus carpio)为研究对象,以饲料中杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)叶粉0添加组为对照组,2%、4%、6%和8%添加组为实验组,每组3个平行,对黄河鲤[体重:(505.13±1.37) g]进行55d的投喂试验,旨在探讨杜仲叶粉在黄河鲤饲料中的应用效果。结果表明:(1)黄河鲤背肌脂肪含量随饲料中杜仲叶粉添加量升高显著下降,粗蛋白含量显著上升(P<0.05)。除6%添加组外,鱼体粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪鲜重含量随杜仲叶粉添加量升高呈上升趋势(P<0.05),鱼体鲜重水分含量呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05);(2)在黄河鲤肌肉中检出16种氨基酸,杜仲叶粉添加显著影响肌肉中苏氨酸、丝氨酸和组氨酸含量(P<0.05)。酸味氨基酸总量与总氨基酸比值在2%添加组显著高于其他处理组,药效氨基酸总量与总氨基酸比值则在2%添加组显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05);(3)黄河鲤血浆和肝脏中GSH-PX、MDA、AKP和ACP活性随饲料中杜仲叶粉添加量增加整体呈先升高后降低趋势,血浆和肝脏中SOD活性呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05)。血浆...     

蝇蛆蛋白粉对凡纳滨对虾生长的影响

设计了4种实验饲料(ABCD)并进行了8周饲养试验来评定添加蝇蛆粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能的影响.以实用饲料D作为对照组,ABC是在D的基础上,分别以5%,10%和15%的蝇蛆粉替代鱼粉.养殖试验结束后,分别计算体长、全长和背甲宽等生长性能.实验结果显示,AB组凡纳滨对虾的生长性能与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).C组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01).结果表明,饲料中添加适量的蝇蛆蛋白粉对凡纳滨对虾有一定的促生长作用,可用适量的蝇蛆蛋白粉替代对虾配合饲料中的部分鱼粉.     

海水和淡化水养殖凡纳滨对虾饲料蛋白需求量的比较研究

本研究从生长、饲料利用和体成分等指标综合评价饲料蛋白质含量对凡纳滨对虾的影响。研究发现,在海水养殖环境下,饲料蛋白水平对凡纳滨对虾的存活率、增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数、蛋白效率和虾体粗蛋白含量均有显著性影响(p<0.05)。摄食饲料蛋白含量38%的海养凡纳滨对虾有较高的存活率、增重率以及最高的特定生长率。饵料系数随蛋白含量的增加而减小,虾体粗蛋白含量随饲料蛋白水平升高而增加,而蛋白含量38%和41%实验组饵料系数和虾体粗蛋白含量均没有显著性差异(p>0.05)。淡化水养殖条件下,凡纳滨对虾的存活率随饲料蛋白水平的增加而提高,而增重率和特定生长率均在饲料蛋白含量35%实验组最高,饵料系数随蛋白含量的增加先减小后增大,蛋白含量35%实验组饵料系数显著小于其他实验组。海水养殖条件下,凡纳滨对虾的存活率、末体重、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率均高于淡水养殖的对虾。对虾虾体粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均随盐度升高而升高,而虾体水分随着盐度的升高而降低。     

2,4-D对鱼腥藻增殖的效应

本文在实验室批量培养,室外小池大量培养和塑料大棚大面积培养的基础上,研究了植物激素2,4-D刺激鱼腥藻增殖的效应。浓度在0.01—2.00μg/mL范围内都具有刺激鱼腥藻增殖的效果,随着浓度增加,这种效果降低。品质分析结果表明,0.01μg/mL2.4-D可提高蛋白质和叶绿素a的含量;浓度为0.05μg/mL时,二者的含量与对照相差不大;浓度达到0.1μg/mL时,二者的含量降低。本文提出,2,4-D刺激鱼腥藻增殖的应用浓度应在0.05μg/mL以下,以0.01μg/mL效果最佳。     

亚硫酸氢钠对鱼腥藻生长的影响

在不同条件下研究了光呼吸抑制剂——亚硫酸氢钠对鱼腥藻(Anabaena)生长的影响。结果表明亚硫酸氢钠的浓度在1—10μg/ml时都提高了鱼腥藻的生物量,浓度在2.5和5.0μg/ml的效果优于其他浓度。亚硫酸氢钠提高了鱼腥藻叶绿素a的含量,但是,对蛋白质的含量没有的影响。亚硫酸氢钠用于增加鱼腥藻生物产量是有意义的。     

鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉饲料中补充包被氨基酸对凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分及组织氨基酸含量的影响

为了探讨鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉时饲料氨基酸的平衡性以及外源氨基酸的添加方式与凡纳滨对虾生长、体成分、血浆游离氨基酸及肌肉氨基酸含量的关系, 本试验采用26因子试验设计进行了为期56d的饲养试验。2个饲料蛋白质水平分别为40%和32%, 6个饲料处理分别为鱼粉组(对照组)、鸡肉粉组、鸡肉粉+晶体EAA组、鸡肉粉+晶体EAA+晶体NEAA组、鸡肉粉+包被EAA组、鸡肉粉+包被EAA+包被NEAA组, 配制12组饲料。将凡纳滨对虾(0.300.01) g随机分配到36个圆桶(150 L)中, 每桶30尾, 每3个桶为一个处理组, 饲喂一种饲料, 每天饱食投喂三次。在每一饲料蛋白质水平下, 无论是补充晶体氨基酸(CAA)组还是包被氨基酸组对虾的增重率均显著高于鸡肉粉组(P0.05), 且在32%蛋白质水平下, 包被EAA组对虾增重率达到了鱼粉组水平(P0.05); 补充晶体EAA+NEAA组对虾增重率与补充晶体EAA组无差异(P0.05), 但均显著低于补充包被氨基酸组(P0.05); 补充包被EAA组对虾增重率显著高于补充包被EAA+NEAA组(P0.05)。饲料系数的变化正好与增重率变化相反(P0.05)。饲喂高蛋白质水平饲料较之饲喂低蛋白质饲料明显提高对虾增重率、虾体蛋白含量(P0.05), 但降低虾体脂肪含量(P0.05)。包被氨基酸组凡纳滨对虾血浆游离氨基酸含量总体显著低于CAA组(P0.05)。除谷氨酸、甘氨酸以及脯氨酸外, 各组对虾肌肉氨基酸含量无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明, 在32%饲料蛋白质水平下, 用鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉时, 饲料中补充包被EAA可明显促进凡纳滨对虾的生长, 且达到了鱼粉组的饲喂效果。     

高位虾池养殖过程浮游植物群落的演替

通过对湛江东海岛北寮村和庵里村各2个高位虾池养殖过程的浮游植物演替和主要理化因子进行调查,研究浮游植物群落的演替过程对高位虾池的健康养殖的影响.结果表明:4池共检出浮游植物7门76属140种;对虾生长正常的北寮高位虾池演替优势种主要有螺旋环沟藻、椭圆扁胞藻、海链藻、湖泊束球藻密胞变种、裸甲藻、卵囊藻、微囊藻、锥形斯克里普藻、色球藻和尖尾蓝隐藻等,而对虾发病的庵里高位虾池演替优势种主要有铜绿微囊藻、柔弱布纹藻、咖啡形双眉藻、小席藻、卷曲鱼腥藻、水生集胞藻、衣藻、尖尾蓝隐藻和螺旋环沟藻等,北寮正常虾池浮游植物种类(包括优势种)较对虾发病的庵里虾池多而复杂;对虾生长正常池优势种的演替快而门类交替,而对虾发病池呈现硅藻到蓝藻优势的演替;对虾生长正常池浮游植物密度随养殖过程延伸呈上升态势,而对虾发病池浮游植物密度初期增加病害后下降;养殖过程浮游植物密度与主要理化因子的相关关系不显著;对虾生长正常的北寮高位池多样性指数与均匀度高于对虾发病的庵里高位池,而优势度却较低.水体理化因子变化平缓,浮游植物有较高的多样性指数和均匀度、较低的优势度对于稳定虾池养殖水环境有重要作用.     

高效降解蛋白枯草芽孢杆菌的筛选及促建鲤生长的研究

【目的】从建鲤肠道分离并优选出了一株对蛋白具有强效降解力的菌株,探究其临床生产效果。【方法】使用牛奶平板进行筛选,经常规细菌学鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析确定A7菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌,通过临床饲喂试验探究其对建鲤促生长作用。【结果】A7菌株在牛奶平板上的水解圈直径可达27.5 mm,其最佳固体发酵条件为温度28°C、接种量5%(1.2×109 CFU/mL)、料水比1.0:1.2和发酵时间72 h。临床饲喂试验结果表明,饵料中添加0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的A7株菌粉均能促建鲤生长。其中,添加量为1.0%的试验组,鱼体增重率和蛋白利用率最高,饵料系数最低,与产品对照组和空白对照组相比,均达到了显著性差异(P0.05)。此外,随A7株菌粉添菌量的增加,各试验组肝胰脏和肠道的蛋白酶及淀粉酶活力出现先增大后减小趋势,与产品对照组和空白对照组相比,添加1.0%的试验组增幅最大(P0.05)。研究发现,试验组鱼肌肉中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量较空白对照组也有明显的增减趋势(P0.05)。【结论】饵料中添加A7株菌粉,可有效促进鱼的生长,降低饵料系数,提高肝胰脏和肠道的蛋白酶及淀粉酶活力,并提高鱼肌肉中的蛋白含量和降低脂肪含量。     

饲料中添加高剂量有机硒和无机硒对异育银鲫生长性能、组织硒蓄积和血液生化指标的影响

为探究饲料中高剂量的有机硒和无机硒对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS V)的生长性能、硒蓄积和血浆生化指标等方面的影响,以硒代蛋氨酸(有机硒)和亚硒酸钠(无机硒)作为不同类型的硒源,初始体重为(62.95±0.23) g异育银鲫为研究对象,进行了为期90d的养殖实验。实验结果表明,饲料中添加0、10和20 mg/kg的有机硒和无机硒对异育银鲫的存活和饲料干物质的表观消化率无显著影响;有机硒处理组硒的表观消化率随饲料有机硒的添加量增加而显著升高(P<0.05);饲料中添加无机硒对硒消化率无显影响(P>0.05)。在饲料中添加有机硒可以提高异育银鲫的生长(P<0.05),在20 mg/kg处理组中达到最高(P<0.05);而饲料中添加10 mg/kg无机硒处理组未显著改变异育银鲫的特定生长率(P>0.05),但高浓度的无机硒则显著降低了其特定生长率(P<0.05)。饲料中添加有机硒显著降低了异育银鲫的肝体比,添加10 mg/kg无机硒显著降低异育银鲫的肝体比(P<0.05);饲料中添加有机硒和无机硒对异...     

Growth and development of catla (Catla catla) fed with different levels of diet containing Spirogyra sp

The effect of Spirogyra sp. incorporated into diet formulations on the growth and body composition of Indian major carp, catla (Catla catla) was investigated in a 45 days feeding trial. Spirogyra dry powder was mixed with different feed ingredients in different amounts (0%, 10%, 25%, 37% and 40% of the total feed). Carps fed with Spirogyra demonstrated higher feed conversion ratio. The study also revealed a direct relationship between the amount of Spirogyra in the diet, and muscle protein and fat contents in the fish. In general, this study demonstrated the benefits of incorporating Spirogyra into carp feeds.     

Effect of replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal in diets on the growth and immune response of Macrobrachium nipponense

The potential use of poultry by-product meal (PBM) and meat and bone meal (MBM) as alternative dietary protein sources for juvenile Macrobrachium nipponense was studied by a 70-day growth trial. Triplicate groups of M. nipponense (initial body weight: 0.37 g) were fed at 20.7-22.4 degrees C on each of the five isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets (protein content about 38%) with different replacement of fish meal by MBM or PBM. The control diet used white fish meal as the sole protein source, the other four diets were prepared with 15% or 50% fish meal protein substituted by either MBM (MBM(15), MBM(50)) or PBM (PBM(15), PBM(50)). The results showed that replacement of fish meal by MBM in diets did not affect growth performance of M. nipponense (P > 0.05), while specific growth rate in PBM(15) was significantly higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05). Survival rates of shrimp fed with MBM(15) diet were significantly higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in immunological parameters, including total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase activity (PO) and respiratory burst (O(2)(-)), were observed between the shrimps that were fed five experimental diets, and all determined immunological parameters in control groups were slightly higher than those in replacement groups. In conclusion, either MBM or PBM investigated could replace up to 50% fish meal protein in diets for M. nipponense.     

The influence of sulphur,molybdenum and cadmium exposure on the growth of goat,cattle and pig

A three factorial designed feeding experiment with common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was carried out in an intensive experimental rearing system. Fish (initial body weight 200 g) were fed on two different levels of dietary energy (16 and 18 MJ DE/kg DM), two different levels of protein (320 and 420 g CP/kg DM) and also two different feeding intensities (100% and 75% of the maximum intake). The experiment was terminated when fish reached a mean body weight of 1300 g.

Growth, feed utilization and nutrient composition of the whole body and fillet were observed. The highest growth was obtained when the fish were fed on the diet containing high dietary energy and high dietary protein with satiation feeding. High dietary energy, high dietary protein and restriction of feed intake improved feed conversion ratios. High dietary energy, low dietary protein and restrictive feeding increased energy utilization. Low dietary protein and restrictive feeding resulted in better protein utilization.

Fish fed with high dietary energy contained more fat and less protein in their carcasses. A lower fat content but higher protein and higher ash content in fish carcasses was shown when fish were fed with a diet high in protein and fed restrictively.     

Effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization, and size variation of juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

Juvenile (3.0 ± 0.2 g) gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) were fed to satiation for 8 weeks to investigate the effect of feeding frequency on growth, feed utilization and size variation. Five feeding frequencies were tested: two meals per day (M2), three meals per day (M3), four meals per day (M4), 12 meals per day (M12) and 24 meals per day (M24). The results showed that daily food intake increased significantly with the increase in feeding frequency and there was no significant difference between daily food intakes in M12 and M24 treatments. Growth rate, feed efficiency increased significantly with increasing feeding frequencies. Size variation was not affected by feeding frequency. Apparent digestibility of dry matter was not influenced by feeding frequency, while apparent digestibility of protein and energy increased significantly at high feeding frequencies. The feeding frequency had no significant effect on the moisture, lipid, protein, or energy contents of gibel carp, while the ash content decreased with increased feeding frequency. It was recommended that 24 meals per day was the optimal feeding frequency for juvenile gibel carp.     

饲料中不同蛋白、脂肪水平对春鲤生长、饲料利用和体成分的影响

研究旨在探讨洱海土著鱼类春鲤(Cyprinus longipectoralis)(初始体重0.55 g)对蛋白质和脂肪的需求量。实验采用3×3双因子设计,蛋白水平为33%、39%和45%,脂肪水平为5%、8%和11%,共9组等能饲料。实验在水温为(28±2)℃的室内微流水系统中进行,为期56d。实验结果表明:随着蛋白水平的提高,摄食率显著降低(P<0.05),饲料效率、能量沉积率、鱼体水分和脂肪含量显著升高(P<0.05),但特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白沉积率、鱼体灰分含量和能值均无显著变化(P>0.05)。随着脂肪水平的提高,特定生长率、蛋白沉积率和鱼体蛋白含量显著下降,鱼体脂肪含量显著上升(P<0.05),而摄食率、饲料效率、能量沉积率、鱼体水分和灰分含量以及能值则无明显变化(P>0.05)。通过折线回归分析得出,当饲料中蛋脂比为7.30时,春鲤有最大的特定生长率。研究结果表明,春鲤饲料中适宜的蛋白和脂肪水平分别为33%—34%和4%—5%。     

Growth and feed utilization in two strains of gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio: paternal effects in a gynogenetic fish

Gibel carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch) is a natural gynogenetic fish which requires sperm of the same or related species to activate egg development. The eggs of one gibel carp were divided into two batches. One batch was 'fertilized' with sperm from gibel carp (strain DD), and the other 'fertilized' with sperm from red common carp ( Cyprinus carpio red variety) (strain DR). The juveniles were transferred to the laboratory 36 days post-hatch. Triplicate groups of each strain were fed a formulated diet at either 3% or satiation ration for 8 weeks. At both the restricted and satiation rations, specific growth rate was significantly higher in strain DR than in strain DD. At the 3% ration, there was no significant difference in feeding rate or feed conversion efficiency between the two strains. At the satiation ration, strain DR had a significantly lower feeding rate but higher feed conversion efficiency than strain DD. At the satiation ration, strain DR had a significantly lower intake protein, but higher recovered protein than strain DD. There was no significant difference in faecal protein loss between the two strains. At the 3% ration, strain had no significant effects on intake protein, faecal protein or recovered protein. Neither faecal energy loss nor recovered energy was affected by strain or ration. At both the 3% and satiation ration, final body contents of dry matter and lipid were significantly lower in strain DR than strain DD, while there was no significant difference in protein and energy content between the two strains at either ration level. The results suggested that gibel carp 'fertilized' with sperm of common carp grew faster than those 'fertilized' with sperm of gibel carp through increased feed conversion efficiency and protein retention.     

池塘混养模式下生态基对鲤生长及水质的影响

为探索池塘混养模式下生态基对鱼类生长的影响, 在6个土池中进行了一个饲养试验, 将土池分为2组, 一组为不放生态基的对照组, 另一组为放置生态基的生态基组, 每组3个重复。将尾均重为(310±11) g鲤3867尾、尾均重(810±15) g鲢及鳙370尾平均分别分为2组, 平均放养于6个土池中。对池塘鲤每天饲喂颗粒饲料3次, 饲养周期62d。在饲养期内, 每隔10天左右采集水样与底泥样品, 检测其中的浮游生物与微生物群落。在饲养结束后, 将试验鱼捕出并称重, 计算鲤的饲料效率。结果表明, 生态基组鲤鱼的增重率与饲料效率显著高于对照组; 生态基组的鲢、鳙末重显著低于对照组; 生态基组水体透明度与微生物群落多样性显著高于对照组; 生态基组浮游生物浓度低于对照组。结果表明, 在混养模式下土池中生态基的应用有利用促进鲤的生长, 然而池塘生态基的应用对于滤食性鲢、鳙的生长并无促进作用。     

饲料中猪肉骨粉替代鱼粉对芙蓉鲤鲫生长性能、血液生理生化、肌肉组成及质构特性的影响

以初始体重(17.47±2.56) g的芙蓉鲤鲫为研究对象, 通过8周的生长实验, 研究在饲料中无害化处理产品猪肉骨粉(以下简称肉骨粉)替代鱼粉蛋白对芙蓉鲤鲫生长性能、血液生理生化指标、肌肉组成及质构特性的影响。实验设置3种等氮(38%)等脂(6%)饲料, 以肉骨粉替代饲料中鱼粉蛋白的0(FM)、50%(T1)、100%(T2)。结果显示: (1)芙蓉鲤鲫的生长性能在各处理组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05); (2)随着饲料中肉骨粉含量的升高, 芙蓉鲤鲫饲料系数呈增大趋势, 当替代比例达到100%时显著大于对照组(FM, P<0.05); (3)芙蓉鲤鲫替代组血红蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05), 谷草转氨酶呈下降趋势, 当替代水平达到100%时显著低于对照组(P<0.05), 而其他血液生理生化指标各处理组间无显著性差异(P>0.05); (4)肉骨粉替代鱼粉蛋白对芙蓉鲤鲫背肌粗蛋白质、水分和灰分含量无显著性影响(P>0.05), 但对其脂肪含量有一定影响, 50%替代组背肌粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05); (5)肉骨粉替代50%鱼粉蛋白显著降低了芙蓉鲤鲫背肌中Asp、Glu、Gly、Ala、Val、Met、Ile、Leu、Tyr、Phe、ΣEAA、ΣDAA、ΣTAA含量(P<0.05)。(6)肉骨粉替代鱼粉蛋白提高了芙蓉鲤鲫肌肉弹性和黏附性, 且50%替代组显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明, 猪肉骨粉能替代芙蓉鲤鲫幼鱼饲料中100%鱼粉蛋白(饲料中鱼粉含量为10%)而对鱼体的生长、血液指标、肌肉组成及质构特性无显著不利影响。     

饲料中添加苜蓿草粉对草鱼生长、肌肉品质和血清抗氧化指标的影响

为研究苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)草粉对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生长性能、肌肉品质和血清抗氧化指标的影响, 在基础饲料(粗蛋白: 32.0%, 粗脂肪: 4.12%)中分别添加0(对照组)、5%、10%、15%和20%的苜蓿草粉, 饲喂初始体重为(50.04±0.04) g的草鱼, 每个处理3个重复, 进行为期61d的养殖实验。结果表明: (1)与对照组相比, 20%苜蓿组的特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05), 15%苜蓿组的饲料系数和摄食率显著升高(P<0.05)。除5%苜蓿组外, 其余苜蓿添加组草鱼的肥满度显著降低(P<0.05); (2)饲料中添加苜蓿草粉显著降低草鱼肌肉中硫代巴比妥酸值和乳酸含量(P<0.05)。10%和15%苜蓿组草鱼肌肉羟脯氨酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。此外, 在添加苜蓿草粉后, 草鱼肌肉失水率显著升高(P<0.05)。除20%苜蓿组外, 其余苜蓿添加组草鱼肌肉黏附性显著升高(P<0.05), 草鱼肌肉硬度在10%苜蓿组显著高于对照组(P<0.05); (3)20%苜蓿组草鱼血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比, 15%、20%苜蓿组草鱼血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力显著升高, 丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述, 当苜蓿草粉的添加量不超过15%时, 对草鱼生长性能没有显著性影响, 且能改善草鱼肌肉品质, 提高血清抗氧化能力。因此, 草鱼饲料中苜蓿草粉的添加量不应超过15%。