共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Collaboration can improve conservation initiatives through increases in article impact and by building scientific understating required for conservation practice. We investigated temporal trends in collaboration in the tropical ecology and conservation literature by examining patterns of authorship for 2271 articles published from 2000 to 2016 in Biotropica and the Journal of Tropical Ecology. Consistent with trends in other studies and scientific disciplines, we found that the number of authors per article increased from 2.6 in 2000 to 4.2 in 2015 using a generalized linear model (glm). We modeled changes in multinational collaboration in articles using a glm and found that the mean number of author‐affiliated countries increased from 1.3 (±0.6 SD) to 1.7 (±0.8 SD) over time and that increases were best explained by the number of authors per article. The proportion of authors based in tropical countries increased, but the probability of tropical–extratropical collaboration did not and was best explained solely by the number of authors per article. Overall, our analyses suggest that only certain types of collaboration are increasing and that these increases coincide with a general increase in the number of authors per article. Such changes in author numbers and collaboration could be the result of increased data sharing, changes in the scope of research questions, changes in authorship criteria, or scientific migration. We encourage tropical conservation scientists continue to build collaborative ties, particularly with researchers based in underrepresented tropical countries, to ensure that tropical ecology and conservation remains inclusive and effective. 相似文献
2.
Ana C. M. Malhado Rafael S. D. de Azevedo Peter A. Todd Ana M. C. Santos Nídia N. Fabré Vandick S. Batista Leonardo J. G. Aguiar Richard J. Ladle 《Biotropica》2014,46(1):6-13
The presence of researchers from Western (i.e., developed world) institutions in Amazonia has frequently been contentious due to fears of ‘scientific imperialism’ or suspicions that they may be exerting undue influence over research agendas and knowledge production to the detriment of local researchers. Such negative perceptions are widespread, but not well substantiated. A more nuanced understanding of these issues requires information on who is conducting research in Amazonia and how knowledge production has changed over time. We performed a bibliometric analysis on Thomson Reuters'ISI Web of Science of all research articles about the Amazon published in three time periods: 1986–1989, 1996–1999, and 2006–2009. We found that the number of articles published and the diversity of countries involved in Amazonian research increased dramatically over the three time periods. The representation of several Amazonian countries—especially Brazil—increased, while the proportion of articles without a single author from an Amazonian country also increased. The results indicate that the research capacity of Amazonian countries has increased, but that leadership of high‐impact projects may still largely reside with researchers from developed countries. 相似文献
3.
Will Cresswell 《Ostrich》2018,89(2):123-129
West Africa has high bird diversity and is a crucial non-breeding area for over one-third of European breeding species, yet local capacity for ornithological research and so targeted bird conservation is perceived to be limited. I reviewed all the published literature on the Web of Science? classified as ‘ornithology’ with an accompanying keyword of a country’s name, over the last three decades, from the 16 countries within West Africa and compared it with that from 16 Western European countries. Inclusion of the country’s name as a search term identified any papers produced by local authors, and so should provide an index of local ornithological capacity. Overall only 129 papers were produced from 1987 to 2016 with West African authors (range: zero Burkina Faso to 45 Nigeria), significantly fewer compared with 12 380 with European authors (range: 71 Greece to 2 745 England). The number of papers produced increased significantly at similar rates over the three-decade period in both continents. The number of papers produced by local authors in West Africa and Europe approximately doubled each decade, but variation between countries was large, particularly in West Africa. The results are broadly the same when paper output is adjusted for the population of each country. Of the three West African countries that showed a consistent increase in numbers of locally authored ornithological papers, only Nigeria showed a highly significant increase and this increase was down to a single ornithological research institute established there in 2002. The results confirm that there is little local ornithological capacity in West Africa and this is not changing except in Nigeria, where even a single new research institute can make a significant difference because of the very low baseline. 相似文献
4.
5.
Francine Kershaw Michael W. Bruford W. Chris Funk Catherine E. Grueber Sean Hoban Margaret E. Hunter Linda Laikre Anna J. MacDonald Mariah H. Meek Cinnamon Mittan David O'Brien Rob Ogden Robyn E. Shaw Cristiano Vernesi Gernot Segelbacher 《Conservation Science and Practice》2022,4(4):e12635
The Coalition for Conservation Genetics (CCG) brings together four eminent organizations with the shared goal of improving the integration of genetic information into conservation policy and practice. We provide a historical context of conservation genetics as a field and reflect on current barriers to conserving genetic diversity, highlighting the need for collaboration across traditional divides, international partnerships, and coordinated advocacy. We then introduce the CCG and illustrate through examples how a coalition approach can leverage complementary expertise and improve the organizational impact at multiple levels. The CCG has proven particularly successful at implementing large synthesis-type projects, training early-career scientists, and advising policy makers. Achievements to date highlight the potential for the CCG to make effective contributions to practical conservation policy and management that no one “parent” organization could achieve on its own. Finally, we reflect on the lessons learned through forming the CCG, and our vision for the future. 相似文献
6.
Nicola M. Anthony Christiane Atteke Michael W. Bruford Francisco Dallmeier Adam Freedman Olivier Hardy Brama Ibrahim Kathryn J. Jeffery Mireille Johnson Sally A. Lahm Nicaise Lepengue Jacob H. Lowenstein Fiona Maisels Jean‐François Mboumba Patrick Mickala Katy Morgan Stephan Ntie Thomas B. Smith John P. Sullivan Erik Verheyen Mary K. Gonder 《Biotropica》2015,47(1):6-17
The tropical forests of the Congo Basin and Gulf of Guinea harbor some of the greatest terrestrial and aquatic biological diversity in the world. However, our knowledge of the rich biological diversity of this region and the evolutionary processes that have shaped it remains limited, as is our understanding of the capacity for species to adapt or otherwise respond to current and projected environmental change. In this regard, research efforts are needed to increase current scientific knowledge of this region's biodiversity, identify the drivers of past diversification, evaluate the potential for species to adapt to environmental change and identify key populations for future conservation. Moreover, when evolutionary research is combined with ongoing environmental monitoring efforts, it can also provide an important set of tools for assessing and mitigating the impacts of development activities. Building on a set of recommendations developed at an international workshop held in Gabon in 2011, we highlight major areas for future evolutionary research that could be directly tied to conservation priorities for the region. These research priorities are centered around five disciplinary themes: (1) documenting and discovering biodiversity; (2) identifying drivers of evolutionary diversification; (3) monitoring environmental change; (4) understanding community and ecosystem level processes; (5) investigating the ecology and epidemiology of disease from an evolutionary perspective (evolutionary epidemiology). Furthermore, we also provide an overview of the needs and priorities for biodiversity education and training in Central Africa. 相似文献
7.
Stephen P. Hubbell 《Ecology and evolution》2013,3(10):3263-3274
Data from a global network of large, permanent plots in lowland tropical forests demonstrate (1) that the phenomenon of tropical tree rarity is real and (2) that almost all the species diversity in such forests is due to rare species. Theoretical and empirically based reasoning suggests that many of these rare species are not as geographically widespread as previously thought. These findings suggest that successful strategies for conserving global tree diversity in lowland tropical forests must pay much more attention to the biogeography of rarity, as well as to the impact of climate change on the distribution and abundance of rare species. Because the biogeography of many tropical tree species is poorly known, a high priority should be given to documenting the distribution and abundance of rare tropical tree species, particularly in Amazonia, the largest remaining tropical forested region in the world. 相似文献
8.
Kamaljit S. Bawa W. John Kress Nalini M. Nadkarni Sharachchandra Lele 《Biotropica》2004,36(4):437-446
9.
Daniel J. Wieczynski;Sandra Díaz;Sandra M. Durán;Nikolaos M. Fyllas;Norma Salinas;Roberta E. Martin;Alexander Shenkin;Miles R. Silman;Gregory P. Asner;Lisa Patrick Bentley;Yadvinder Malhi;Brian J. Enquist;Van M. Savage; 《Ecography》2022,2022(8):e06078
Assessing the impacts of anthropogenic degradation and climate change on global carbon cycling is hindered by a lack of clear, flexible and easy-to-use productivity models along with scarce trait and productivity data for parameterizing and testing those models. We provide a simple solution: a mechanistic framework (RS-CFM) that combines remotely-sensed foliar-trait and canopy-structural data with trait-based metabolic theory to efficiently map productivity at large spatial scales. We test this framework by quantifying net primary productivity (NPP) at high-resolution (0.01-ha) in hyper-diverse Peruvian tropical forests (30040 hectares) along a 3322-m elevation gradient. Our analysis captures hotspots and elevational shifts in productivity more accurately and in greater detail than alternative empirical- and process-based models that use plant functional types. This result exposes how high-resolution, location-specific variation in traits and light competition drive variability in productivity, opening up possibilities to fully harness remote sensing data and reliably scale up from traits to map global productivity in a more direct, efficient and cost-effective manner. 相似文献
10.
11.
为研究密云水库上游冀北山区生态水源保护林的生长现状和涵养水源能力,以油松×落叶松(林地Ⅰ)、油松×山杏(林地Ⅱ)、油松×蒙古栎(林地Ⅲ)、侧柏×山杏(林地Ⅳ)4种混交林为研究对象,通过测定林下枯落物层和土壤层特征,分析比较不同林地枯落物和土壤的持水能力及林地水源涵养能力。研究结果表明:枯落物现存量为林地Ⅱ林地Ⅳ林地Ⅰ林地Ⅲ,林地Ⅱ的枯落物层有效持水量最大,为81.30 t/hm~2,林地Ⅰ最小。土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度最大的均为林地Ⅳ,分别为56.02%、50.26%和5.76%,林地Ⅳ的土壤层有效持水量最大,为1507.90 t/hm~2,林地Ⅲ最小。综合4种林地的枯落物层和土壤层持水能力,可知林地Ⅳ(侧柏×山杏)的水源涵养能力最强,为157.43 mm,林地Ⅲ(油松×蒙古栎)最弱。 相似文献
12.
Rolf Holderegger Niko Balkenhol Janine Bolliger Jan O. Engler Felix Gugerli Axel Hochkirch Carsten Nowak Gernot Segelbacher Alex Widmer Frank E. Zachos 《Molecular ecology》2019,28(17):3848-3856
Conservation genetics is a well‐established scientific field. However, limited information transfer between science and practice continues to hamper successful implementation of scientific knowledge in conservation practice and management. To mitigate this challenge, we have established a conservation genetics community, which entails an international exchange‐and‐skills platform related to genetic methods and approaches in conservation management. First, it allows for scientific exchange between researchers during annual conferences. Second, personal contact between conservation professionals and scientists is fostered by organising workshops and by popularising knowledge on conservation genetics methods and approaches in professional journals in national languages. Third, basic information on conservation genetics has been made accessible by publishing an easy‐to‐read handbook on conservation genetics for practitioners. Fourth, joint projects enabled practitioners and scientists to work closely together from the start of a project in order to establish a tight link between applied questions and scientific background. Fifth, standardised workflows simplifying the implementation of genetic tools in conservation management have been developed. By establishing common language and trust between scientists and practitioners, all these measures help conservation genetics to play a more prominent role in future conservation planning and management. 相似文献
13.
Tropical ecosystems support a diversity of species and ecological processes that are unparalleled anywhere else on Earth. Despite their tremendous social and scientific importance, tropical ecosystems are rapidly disappearing. To usher tropical ecosystems and the human communities dependent upon them through the environmental transformations of the 21st century, tropical biologists must provide critical knowledge in three areas: 1) the structure and function of tropical ecosystems; 2) the nature and magnitude of anthropogenic effects on tropical ecosystems; and 3) the socio‐economic drivers of these anthropogenic effects. To develop effective strategies for conservation, restoration, and sustainable management of tropical ecosystems, scientific perspectives must be integrated with social necessities. A new set of principles built on a framework for pursuing relevant tropical biological research will facilitate interdisciplinary approaches, integrate biological knowledge with the social sciences, and link science with policy. We propose four broad recommendations for immediate action in tropical biology and conservation that are fundamental to all biological and social disciplines in the tropics: 1) assemble and disseminate information on life's diversity in the tropics; 2) enhance tropical field stations and build a worldwide network to link them with tropical field biologists at their field sites; 3) bring the field of tropical biology to the tropics by strengthening institutions in tropical countries through novel partnerships between tropical and temperate zone institutions and scientists; and 4) create concrete mechanisms to increase interactions between tropical biologists, social scientists, and policy makers. 相似文献
14.
运用文献计量等方法对已有科研成果进行统计分析,结果表明:中国近50年园林生态学科领域科研发展经过了起步探索(1962-1981)、缓慢发展(1982-2001)、快速发展(2002-2011)3个时期,园林生态学作为生态学一个新的分支学科,于20世纪90年代末初见端倪,作为一门新兴独立的应用生态学分支学科于21世纪初已基本形成.中国园林生态学领域的研究包括园林生态系统中生物与环境相互作用关系问题、人与环境相互作用关系问题以及园林生态系统与其他生态系统之间相互作用关系问题.当代园林生态研究主要有生态效益研究、生物与环境研究、人的需求与行为研究、生态规划与生态管理研究4个方面,目前园林生态学研究主要侧重生物与环境研究和生态效益研究,两方面的研究成果占总体研究成果的76.3％.不同研究方面也有各自的侧重点,如生物与环境研究侧重对植物的研究,生态效益研究侧重净化环境、水土保持和防灾减灾,生态规划与生态管理研究则侧重生态规划与设计.对四个研究方面的论文主题词检索和高频主题关键词的分布进行统计,结果显示,研究的热点有多样性、群落、水土保持、防灾避险、净化环境、生态规划与设计等.对CNKI中4个研究方面成果中获基金资助项目论文进行统计(不排重),总体成果中基金项目论文所占比重为10.8％,国家和地方基金是园林生态学科研基金资助的主要来源,基金论文比例之和达到85.4％,且国家和地方基金资助论文较多的是“生态与环境研究”和“生态效益研究”,合计占基金论文79.1％.SCI-E中收录的文献基金论文率为47.1％,是CNKI数据库收录的文献基金论文率的4.3倍,且国际基金是基金论文的主要资助来源之一,说明中国园林生态学领域部分科研成果得到国际学界关注.基于CNKI相关主题词统计,“园林生态学”的研究成果只有“景观生态学”的1％,“城市生态学”的8.3％,“园林生态学”学科系统理论研究在相关生态学科研究中所占比重很低,其理论和方法研究还较薄弱.今后在进一步完善学科理论体系、持续开展生态效益和园林植物研究的同时,为更好地研究和解决人-自然复合生态系统问题,提供更多的科学理论支撑,还需拓展交叉生态心理学或环境心理学等其他相关理论,更多地关注人与环境互相作用关系以及生态规划与生态管理等方面的研究,既使环境更好地满足人的行为需求,也使人认识到改变一些行为能更好地保护环境. 相似文献
15.
华南农区典型植物的他感作用研究 总被引：45，自引：4，他引：45
研究华南农业区典型植物的他感作用,结果表明,用萝卜作生测受体时地上部水浸出物表明有他感作用的植物有拧檬按、隆缘按、赤按、木麻黄、茶、蟛蜞菊、胜红蓟、三叶鬼针草、香芳、马唐、马占相思、马尾松、蕃茄等,但无明显他感作用的有白茅、铺地木兰、凤尾竹、大叶桉、糖蜜草。研究表明柠檬桉、蟛蜞菊、胜红蓟的地上部挥发物和地部分泌物都有他感作用。木麻黄、茶、蟛蜞菊地上部水浸出物有自毒作用,花生、大豆、绿豆发芽中分泌出的物质也有自毒作用。三叶鬼针革、胜红蓟、香芳、蟛蜞菊、柠蒙桉和木麻黄地上部水浸物他感作用强度一般随着浓度而加剧,但低浓度下常表现有促进作用。三叶鬼针草水提物及柠檬桉地上部挥发物的他感效应强度与采集前一个月降雨量呈显著负相关。木麻黄小枝他感作用物浓度与温度有交互效应。柠檬桉的水浸提物在土壤中易随水流失而挥发物却易被土壤吸附。在土壤中柠檬棕叶的他感作用效应随时间成负指数减少,蟛蜞菊在土壤分解后的残留率与残留物的他感效应指数绝对值显著正相关。他感成份的分离鉴定结果表明,茶叶他感作用的主要成份为茶多酚与咖啡因,木麻黄小枝他感物中分离出五种黄酮类化合物和一种阿魏酸,胜红蓟地上部分离出胜红蓟素和一种豆甾醇。 相似文献
16.
The complexity of factors driving tropical deforestation demand integrated approaches from concerned researchers and policy makers. Strict protection is sometimes the most appropriate mode of conservation, but conservation through management is often the better option. In either case, this essay highlights the importance of considering the social/cultural, economic, and political contexts in which these forests are threatened. By attempting to understand the cultural settings, institutional architectures and dynamics, and local expectations, and then by combining the concepts and tools of a range of disciplines, researchers will be more likely to forge lasting partnerships and increase their potential for sustained improvement in resource management and overall forest conservation. 相似文献
17.
Residential buildings account for about one‐third of the final energy demand in Norway. Many cost‐effective measures for reducing heat losses in buildings are known, and their implementation may make the building sector one of the largest contributors to climate change mitigation. To determine the sectoral emission reduction potential, we model a complete transformation of the dwelling stock by 2050 by applying both renovation and reconstruction with different energy standards. We propose a new dynamic stock model with an optimization routine to identify and prioritize buildings with the highest energy saving potential. We combine material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) techniques to extend the sectoral boundary beyond direct household emissions. Despite an expected population growth of almost 50% between 2000 and 2050, sectoral carbon emissions in that period may drop between 30% and 40% for scenarios where the stock is completely transformed by either reconstruction or renovation to the passive house standard. Due to its lower upstream impact, renovation leads to a lower sectoral carbon footprint than reconstruction. Full transformation, however, is not sufficient to achieve an emissions reduction of 50% or more, as required on average to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius, because hot water generation, appliances, and lighting will dominate the sectoral footprint once the stock has been transformed. A first estimate of the additional impact of realistic energy efficiency and lifestyle changes in the nonheating part of the sector reveals a maximal total reduction potential of about 75%. 相似文献
18.
目前世界上水獭数量的急剧下降已引起广泛关注.从水獭的分布、生境选择、食性以及种群动态方面综述了近年来世界有关水獭的生态学与保护研究进展,探讨了水獭的保护现状及存在的问题,并结合实际情况提出了对水獭保护的建议. 相似文献
19.
Although widespread declines in anuran populations have attracted considerable concern, the stochastic demographics of these animals make it difficult to detect consistent trends against a background of spatial and temporal variation. To identify long‐term trends, we need datasets gathered over long time periods, especially from tropical areas where anuran biodiversity is highest. We conducted road surveys of four anurans in the Australian wet–dry tropics on 4637 nights over a 16‐year period. Our surveys spanned the arrival of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina), allowing us to assess the invader's impact on native anuran populations. Our counts demonstrate abrupt and asynchronous shifts in abundance and species composition from one year to the next, not clearly linked to rainfall patterns. Typically, periods of decline in numbers of a species were limited to 1–2 years and were followed by 1‐ to 2‐year periods of increase. No taxa showed consistent declines over time, although trajectories for some species showed significant perturbations coincident with the arrival of toads. None of the four focal frog species was less common at the end of the study than at the beginning, and three of the species reached peak abundances after toad arrival. Survey counts of cane toads increased rapidly during the initial stage of invasion but have subsequently declined and fluctuated. Distinguishing consistent declines versus stochastic fluctuations in anuran populations requires extensive time‐series analysis, coupled with an understanding of the shifts expected under local climatic conditions. This is especially pertinent when assessing impacts of specific perturbations such as invasive species. 相似文献
20.
Abstract The effect of temperature on rate of development and survival of the immature stages of a subtropical population of the black jezebel, Delias nigrina , was studied under laboratory conditions at a range of constant temperatures. Mean developmental times from first-instar larva to adult varied from 29 days at 27°C to 52 days at 19°C; the development threshold temperature and thermal constant were estimated to be 9°C and 494 degree-days, respectively. Larval developmental rates reached physiological maximum at the higher temperatures tested (25−27°C). Pupal development, by contrast, was not affected in the same way as larvae by higher temperature. Survival of the immature stages varied inversely with temperature: survival was highest at 19°C and significantly reduced at 27°C. Mortality at the higher temperature was attributable mainly to final-instar larvae and pupae. These findings indicate that, compared with other tropical pierids that have been studied, D. nigrina has: (i) a comparatively low temperature threshold; (ii) a slow rate of development; and (iii) a poor tolerance to moderately high temperatures. Physiologically, these features are more characteristic of a temperate butterfly than a tropical one. This physiological response appears to be reflected by the temperate nature of the genus as a whole, which may be related to its period of origin and evolution during past climatic events. 相似文献