面部念珠菌性肉芽肿1例

报道1例面部皮肤念珠菌性肉芽肿.患者女,14岁,口角糜烂10 a,面部散在斑块、结痂6 a.表现为面部大小不等圆形暗红色斑块,表面见黄褐色厚痂.额部皮损真菌镜检见大量菌丝,真菌培养鉴定为白念珠菌.组织病理见真皮浅中层弥漫性淋巴细胞、少量中性粒细胞浸润,并见多核巨细胞.PAS染色示角质层及痂皮内见大量菌丝,真皮多核巨细胞内见孢子.诊断为念珠菌性肉芽肿.给予灰黄霉素治疗2个月、卡介菌多糖核酸治疗6个月、伊曲康唑治疗7个月后,皮损减少,面部痂皮大部分脱落,目前仍在治疗中.     

慢性皮肤黏膜念珠菌病1例

报道慢性皮肤黏膜念珠菌病1例。表现为口腔和皮肤损害,真菌镜检可见大量假菌丝,真菌培养为白念珠菌;皮损组织病理显示为感染肉芽肿改变,在角质层中可见大量真菌菌丝;实验室检查未见明显免疫缺陷和内分泌异常。口服氟康唑治疗痊愈。     

慢性皮肤黏膜念珠菌病1例

报道l例慢性皮肤黏膜念珠菌病.患者女,16岁.1岁开始发病,持续存在口腔、皮肤、甲板损害,真菌镜检阳性,真菌培养为白念珠菌,皮损组织病理为感染肉芽肿改变,在角质层中可见大量真菌菌丝,内分泌功能和免疫学检查未见明显异常.口服伊曲康唑治疗有效.     

院内热带念珠菌分离率与耐药性分析

临床上白念珠菌在分离真菌中居于首位,但近年来非白念珠菌的感染率呈上升趋势[1],热带念珠菌常见条件致病性真菌之一[2],尤以广谱抗生素滥用、长期住院患者中多见,因此,了解热带念珠菌的分布及药敏性,可为临床防治热带念珠菌感染提供参考。     

以红皮病和口腔念珠菌感染为主要表现AIDS1例

报道以红皮病为突出表现AIDS 1例.患者男性,64岁,因“全身发疹2个月,伴发热1周”收入院.查体发现体重明显下降,双睑结膜充血,口腔上颚,颊黏膜密集点滴状白色伪膜,全身弥漫暗红色斑片,伴有褐色痂皮脱屑.口腔黏膜真菌涂片(+),HIV-1(+).确诊AIDS,红皮病,口腔念珠菌感染.后死于肺部感染.     

白念珠菌生物被膜的研究进展

白念珠菌是一种机会性致病真菌,也是引起真菌血症和播散性念珠菌病的主要病原体[1]。白念珠菌定植于人体的皮肤和黏膜等部位,当机体的正常防御功能受损时,如创伤、营养失调、免疫功能缺陷、激素和抗生素的应用导致菌群失调等[2],白念珠菌会过度生长,从口腔、咽喉和生殖道等浅表黏膜感染转变为循环系统、骨骼和大脑的全身性侵袭性念珠菌病[3]。白念珠菌常以生物被膜的形式生长在植入体内的生物材料上,比如中心静脉导管、导尿管、心脏起搏器和其他与器官直接接触的材料。     

以皮肤受累为首发表现的播散性念珠菌病1例并文献复习

目的：播散性念珠菌病是一种致命性真菌感染性疾病,在免疫缺陷患者中发病率逐年增多,报道1例以双下肢多发皮下结节为首发表现,伴有肺及脑受累的播散性念珠菌病,并文献复习播散性念珠菌病的皮肤受累临床表现。方法患者女,37岁。因双下肢多发皮下结节6个月余就诊。有局灶节段性肾小球硬化病史,口服强的松及他克莫司2a余。取患者皮损组织行病理学检查,皮损组织、脓液、血、痰、尿、粪、脑脊液进行真菌镜检及真菌培养,并文献检索统计播散性念珠菌病皮肤受累患者临床特点。结果皮损组织病理见假菌丝,皮损组织、脓液、痰、尿、粪标本直接涂片均见假菌丝并培养出白念珠菌,CT显示肺受累,诊断为播散性念珠菌病,予抗真菌治疗,患者皮损愈合及肺部病灶部分吸收,但因自行停药,最终出现颅内播散。结论以皮损为首发表现的播散性念珠菌病临床罕见,临床诊疗中应重视应用免疫抑制剂患者皮损的组织病理及微生物检查,及早进行诊断和治疗,防止出现系统性播散,从而降低死亡率。     

念珠菌血症与血小板减少症

念珠菌血症常常出现血小板减少,甚或呈现血小板减少症。本文就目前有关念珠菌与血小板相互作用文献作一综述。发生念珠菌血症时,血小板可通过纤连蛋白等黏附于念珠菌,激活后释放α颗粒中多种抗真菌物质,引起细胞膜破坏和崩解,封闭和或延迟真菌芽管产生和菌丝延长,有效地抑制真菌早期阶段生长。而念珠菌依靠自身结构成份和代谢产物抑制血小板聚集,促进念珠菌扩散。因此,血小板抗念珠菌免疫损耗是念珠菌血症出现血小板减少现象的内在机制,早期检测血小板活化标志物CD42a和PAC1,将有助于念珠菌血症的早期诊疗。     

深部真菌感染的微生物学诊断与防治研究

用简单、快速的念珠菌分类鉴定法对657例不同患者标本进行了鉴定,结果121例分得真菌,阳性率18.24％。分得真菌153株,其中酵母样真菌97株,占63.4％;曲霉23株,占15.03％.酵母样真菌97株中念珠菌83株,占酵母样真菌的85.57％。念珠菌中又以白色念珠菌为主,其次为热带念珠菌、克柔氏念珠菌。深部真菌感染∞％以上是由念珠菌引起的。用ELISA和GC法检测念珠菌感染患者血清中Mn—Ag,结果表明患者血清中Mn—Ag浓度明显高于正常人,用念珠菌感染动物后24h,在血清中可测到Mn—Ag,是一个早期快速、特异诊断念珠菌血行播散的方法。丁香、黄连、桂皮、木香对真菌有抑杀菌作用。真菌感染与应用抗生素、激素的数量及时间密切相关。     

PCR法评价伊曲康唑注射液治疗播散性白念珠菌病兔模型疗效

目的通过静脉内接种的方法,构建播散性白念珠菌感染的兔模型,并用PCR评价伊曲康唑注射液治疗播散性念珠菌病的疗效。方法在接种后24h,用伊曲康唑注射液5rag／kg对兔模型进行治疗,1次／d,共14d。在不同的时间段取兔模型的静脉血,进行血培养和真菌通用引物以及白念珠菌特异性引物的PCR检测,监测伊曲康唑注射液治疗播散性白念珠菌感染的疗效。结果在接种白念珠菌后1h、6h,外周血中用PCR方法就能检测到白念珠菌,且能持续到8—10d;实验兔外周血血培养1h后阳性,持续到18h。实验结束后解剖实验兔,治疗组较对照组内脏器官的组织培养阳性率及菌落数低。结论PCR是一种快速和敏感的检测播散性念珠菌病的方法,伊曲康唑注射液治疗播散性白念珠菌病有效,但是真菌的清除率特别是肾脏组织的真菌清除率并不理想,治疗结束7d后,组织匀浆真菌培养仍然阳性。     

原发性皮肤隐球菌病合并热带念珠菌感染1例

报告1例原发性皮肤隐球菌病.患者因“面部溃疡半年”来我科就诊.皮肤科检查：右侧额头见约5 cm×5 cm不规则地图状溃疡,病理检查示：溃疡组织中大量炎细胞浸润,PAS染色、六氨银染色均见带荚膜的圆形孢子.真菌培养为热带念珠菌.综合考虑,诊断为原发性皮肤隐球菌病合并热带念珠菌感染.经伊曲康唑治疗迅速好转.     

Onychomycosis due to Malassezia.

The records of fifty patients presenting Malassezia spp. associated onychomycosis were compiled from two different mycology laboratories from Medellín, Colombia. Malassezia spp. was isolated by culture as the only etiological agent in 32% of the cases and associated to a yeast of the genus Candida in 30% of the cases. In 22% of the cases although Malassezia spp. was observed by direct examination, it was no isolated but others species were obtained. No etiological agent was isolated by culture in 16% of the cases. We found evidence of the Malassezia spp.- Candida relationship in 48% of the cases by either direct examination or by culture isolation. The level of detection of Malassezia spp. by culture isolation was of 62% as compared to the direct examination. Results showed similar patterns of distribution of epidemilogical factors for both entities: onychomycosis by Candida albicans and onychomycosis by Malassezia spp.     

1例热带念珠菌脓肿误诊分析

报告1例热带念珠菌引起的腹腔脓肿瘘管真菌感染。患者女,78岁,因十二指肠球部穿孔并发腹膜炎,行腹腔镜术,术后伤口反复未完全愈合,有少量分泌物溢出。发现腹壁瘘管及腹腔脓肿入院,两次细菌培养均无菌生长,再次取分泌物直接镜检阳性,真菌培养鉴定为热带念珠菌。手术清理组织,病理示感染性肉芽肿改变,查见大量假菌丝及孢子。经口服伊曲康唑和两性霉素B溶液纱条引流治疗3个月后基本痊愈。     

浅部真菌病1948份临床标本的真菌学分析

目的 通过对浅部真菌病患者临床送检标本的病原真菌菌种进行系统分析,了解感染及病原真菌的分布情况。方法 采用直接镜检、培养及真菌鉴定等方法对临床送验标本进行检验和鉴定,大部分标本鉴定到种。结果 1948份临床送验标本中,直接涂片镜检阳性率53．41％,培养阳性率40．28％,而镜检＋培养的阳性率为66．98％。对上述3种方法的真菌检出率进行比较,均存在显著差异（χ^2检验P均〈0．005）。在培养的1944份标本中,共分离出18个属,36种真菌,其中,红色毛癣菌24．52％、须癣毛癣菌16．48％、白念珠菌12．64％。结论 ①镜检结合培养的阳性率显著高于单一的镜检或培养的阳性率。②在患者即时的真菌镜检阴性时,应选择培养方法进一步检测,不轻易排除浅部真菌病感染可能。③皮肤癣菌居患者浅部真菌病致病菌首位,而白念珠菌及酵母类菌也是重要病原菌。     

壳聚糖体外抗白念珠菌生物膜作用的初步研究

目的观察壳聚糖对白念珠菌生物膜形成的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 XTT减低法评价壳聚糖对白念珠菌生物膜形成及黏附的影响,镜下观察壳聚糖对白念珠菌生物膜形态的影响;实时定量RT-PCR法观察壳聚糖对白念珠菌的Ras信号通路因子CDC35、PDE2、EFG1和HWP1的基因表达的影响。结果低浓度(0.02 mg/mL)和高浓度(0.32mg/mL)壳聚糖对白念珠菌生物膜形成的抑制率分别为(19.6±1.2)%和(96.96±0.6)%,0.16 mg/mL浓度下壳聚糖对早期(0 h)、中期(12 h)和成熟期(48 h)的生物膜抑制率分别为(78.6±0.5)%、(54.4±0.9)%和(41.1±1.1)%,不同浓度的壳聚糖对各黏附阶段的白念珠菌细胞黏附均有抑制作用,壳聚糖可剂量依赖性地下调白念珠菌生物膜Ras信号通路基因CDC35、EFG1和HWP1的表达水平,上调Ras信号通路抑制剂PDE2的基因表达水平(P<0.05)。结论壳聚糖可能通过影响Ras信号通路及抑制细胞黏附而对白念珠菌生物膜的形成具有抑制作用。     

Novel point mutations in the ERG11 gene in clinical isolates of azole resistant Candida species

The azoles are the class of medications most commonly used to fight infections caused by Candida sp. Typically, resistance can be attributed to mutations in ERG11 gene (CYP51) which encodes the cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase, the primary target for the activity of azoles. The objective of this study was to identify mutations in the coding region of theERG11 gene in clinical isolates of Candidaspecies known to be resistant to azoles. We identified three new synonymous mutations in the ERG11 gene in the isolates of Candida glabrata (C108G, C423T and A1581G) and two new nonsynonymous mutations in the isolates of Candida krusei - A497C (Y166S) and G1570A (G524R). The functional consequence of these nonsynonymous mutations was predicted using evolutionary conservation scores. The G524R mutation did not have effect on 14α-demethylase functionality, while the Y166S mutation was found to affect the enzyme. This observation suggests a possible link between the mutation and dose-dependent sensitivity to voriconazole in the clinical isolate of C. krusei. Although the presence of the Y166S in phenotype of reduced azole sensitivity observed in isolate C. kruseidemands investigation, it might contribute to the search of new therapeutic agents against resistant Candida isolates.     

哈尔滨地区假丝酵母菌DNA异质性及药物敏感性分析

研究假丝酵母菌的DNA异质性及药物敏感性,为预防和监控院内假丝酵母菌感染奠定基础。将临床分离的假丝酵母菌菌株,用科玛嘉显色培养基鉴定菌种,经纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,应用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术对这些菌株进行基因分型。结果显示：93株假丝酵母菌中白假丝酵母菌68株,非白假丝酵母菌25株,所有菌株对制霉菌素,两性霉素B两种药物的敏感率最高（100％）,酮康唑其次（70．9％）,氟康唑的敏感率最低（50．5％）,引物1和引物2将来源不同的68株白假丝酵母菌分别分成4型（A1、B1、C1、D1）和6型（A2、B2、C2、D2、E2、F2）。哈尔滨地区的假丝酵母菌感染以白假丝酵母菌为主,且主要为A1、B1型（引物1）或A2、B2型（引物2）;基因型与药敏谱无明显相关性。     

A Case Report of Penile Infection Caused by Fluconazole- and Terbinafine-Resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida albicans</Emphasis>

Candida albicans is the most common pathogen that causes balanoposthitis. It often causes recurrence of symptoms probably due to its antifungal resistance. A significant number of balanitis Candida albicans isolates are resistant to azole and terbinafine antifungal agents in vitro. However, balanoposthitis caused by fluconazole- and terbinafine-resistant Candida albicans has rarely been reported. Here, we describe a case of a recurrent penile infection caused by fluconazole- and terbinafine-resistant Candida albicans, as well as the treatments administered to this patient. The isolate from the patient was tested for drug susceptibility in vitro. It was sensitive to itraconazole, voriconazole, clotrimazole and amphotericin B, but not to terbinafine and fluconazole. Thus, oral itraconazole was administrated to this patient with resistant Candida albicans penile infection. The symptoms were improved, and mycological examination result was negative. Follow-up treatment of this patient for 3 months showed no recurrence.     

男性尿道炎和包皮龟头炎致病真菌的分布与药敏分析

目的了解男性念珠菌性尿道炎和包皮龟头炎的菌群分布及体外抗真菌药敏试验情况。方法菌株分离均来自复旦大学附属华山医院皮肤性病门诊临床症状轻重不一、真菌直接镜检阳性的61例患者。用科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基及API 20C AUX鉴定系统进行菌种鉴定;采用CLSIM27-A2肉汤微量稀释法对61株临床分离念珠菌作了氟康唑、两性霉素B、氟胞嘧啶、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、特比萘芬6种抗真菌药物敏感性测定。结果对培养阳性的61例菌株,通过科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基及API 20C AUX鉴定系统作菌种鉴定,白念珠菌52例（85.2%）,近平滑念珠菌3例,光滑念珠菌2例,热带念珠菌2例,季也蒙念珠菌1例,克柔念珠菌1例。对52株白念珠菌的药敏试验显示氟康唑98.1%敏感,1.9%剂量依赖性敏感;氟胞嘧啶96.2%敏感,3.8%耐药;伊曲康唑44.2%敏感,40.5%剂量依赖性敏感,15.3%耐药;伏立康唑84.6%敏感,15.4%耐药;两性霉素B全部敏感;特比萘芬的MIC范围为1-64μg/ml,MIC50和MIC90皆为64μg/ml。结论在男性念珠菌性尿道炎和包皮龟头炎中,白念珠菌仍是第一位致病菌,体外药敏试验显示氟康唑、伏立康唑、氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B对男性念珠菌性尿道炎均有较好的敏感性。     

Direct Extraction of DNA from Positive Transparent Dressing and Swab to Identify Candida albicans Infection in Intertriginous Candidiasis in the Inguinal Region

We report a case of a patient infected by Candida albicans which was identified by direct extraction of DNA from a positive transparent dressing and a swab. The patient was a 32-year-old male who complained of erosion in his inguinal region. Large patches of erythema and erosion were present in his inguinal and perianal region, with soya-bean like residue discharge. He was diagnosed with erythrasma and treated with antibiotics but his clinical condition did not improve. KOH examination furnished a positive result for candidiasis. Morphologic characteristics confirmed his infection was caused by Candida albicans. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1/4 polymerase chain reaction products, amplified from positive transparent dressing and cotton swab with discharge and from primary culture isolates, established the Candida albicans lineage. The patient was cured by treatment with itraconazole 200?mg twice a day orally in combination with topical wash with 2?% ketoconazole shampoo and topical use of 1?% naftifine–0.25?% ketoconazole cream.