Verification of Beam Models for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) can work as an actuator by applying a few voltages.A thick IPMC actuator,whereNafion-117 membrane was synthesized with polypyrrole/alumina composite filler,was analyzed to verify the equivalent beamand equivalent bimorph beam models.The blocking force and tip displacement of the IPMC actuator were measured with a DCpower supply and Young’s modulus of the IPMC strip was measured by bending and tensile tests respectively.The calculatedmaximum tip displacement and the Young’s modulus by the equivalent beam model were almost identical to the correspondingmeasured data.Finite element analysis with thermal analogy technique was utilized in the equivalent bimorph beam model tonumerically reproduce the force-displacement relationship of the IPMC actuator.The results by the equivalent bimorph beammodel agreed well with the force-displacement relationship acquired by the measured data.It is confirmed that the equivalentbeam and equivalent bimorph beam models are practically and effectively suitable for predicting the tip displacement,blockingforce and Young’s modulus of IPMC actuators with different thickness and different composite of ionic polymer membrane.     

Iterative Beam Hardening Correction for Multi-Material Objects

In this paper, we propose an iterative beam hardening correction method that is applicable for the case with multiple materials. By assuming that the materials composing scanned object are known and that they are distinguishable by their linear attenuation coefficients at some given energy, the beam hardening correction problem is converted into a nonlinear system problem, which is then solved iteratively. The reconstructed image is the distribution of linear attenuation coefficient of the scanned object at a given energy. So there are no beam hardening artifacts in the image theoretically. The proposed iterative scheme combines an accurate polychromatic forward projection with a linearized backprojection. Both forward projection and backprojection have high degree of parallelism, and are suitable for acceleration on parallel systems. Numerical experiments with both simulated data and real data verifies the validity of the proposed method. The beam hardening artifacts are alleviated effectively. In addition, the proposed method has a good tolerance on the error of the estimated x-ray spectrum.     

低能离子束生物技术的应用

自从我国科学家发现离子注入生物学效应后,低能离子束生物技术的研究就在我国率先兴起。随后,越来越多的科学家基于低能离子与生物体之间存在的能量沉积、动量传递、质量沉积及电荷中和与交换的相互作用,对生物体内的遗传物质进行加工、修饰、重组,开辟了农作物和微生物等遗传改良及转基因的新方法。本文简要介绍了低能离子束生物技术产生的背景、低能离子束与生物体之间相互作用的机理和特点以及目前低能离子束在诱变育种和转基因等生物技术领域的研究进展,并展望了离子束技术在藻类基因工程方面的发展潜力。     

Beam discharge excited by distributed virtual cathode

A new type of beam discharge, i.e., beam discharge with a distributed virtual cathode (VC) is proposed and considered by numerical simulation. The discharge is established during counter motion of high-current electron beams in a gas-filled equipotential cavity and is characterized by a state of hot dense electron plasma of primary electrons. The discharge temporal dynamics is studied. It is shown that the VC lifetime depends linearly from this sum in a wide range of the sum of beam currents, from the boundary current of two-beam instability to the critical current of Pierce instability. Generation of nonlinear electrostatic structures shaped as phase bubbles in the discharge is detected, and their dynamics is studied. The parameters are determined, at which the multiple coexistence of phase bubbles and their coalescence during collisions is observed.     

Multi-Chord Beam Diagnostics of Plasma at the GOL-NB Device

Plasma Physics Reports - Abstract—A multi-chord beam diagnostic system for an open multiple-mirror trap GOL-NB is described. The system is based on a 10 keV ribbon beam of fast neutral...     

低能离子束在生物技术中的应用研究

自从发现离子注入生物效应后,低能离子与生物体系相互作用研究在我国率先兴起,并很快投入应用。简要介绍低能离子注入生物效应的机理研究和应用研究的进展状况,并展望未来 。     

Beam delivery systems for charged particles

Summary Heavy charged particle therapy, started at research institutes three decades ago, is now on the verge of entering a clinical phase. This phase has resulted from the evolution and development of various beam delivery systems and techniques with existing research accelerators and with newly built accelerators. For the first thirty years, heavy charged particle therapy was administered with a fixed horizontal beam line. In 1991, the first treatment with an isocentric gantry was administered. The development of the isocentric gantry, the newest beam delivery system, and clearly a consequence of all the experience gained at the earlier facilities has many advantages. It offers advantageous physical properties of the particles as well as being equal in the flexibility of dose delivery to the modern photon radiotherapy gantries.Paper given on the fourth workshop on Heavy Charged Particles in Biology and Medicine GSI, Darmstadt, FRG, September 23–25, 1991     

Sensitive Gap-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy with a Perfect Radially Polarized Beam

Gap mode surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enables high enhancement of Raman signal. However, the polarization of excitation light shows great influence on the excitation of gap mode and hence on the Raman enhancement. Here, we propose a nanoparticle-on-film gap mode SERS accompanying with a new type of excitation source called as perfect radially polarized (PRP) beam. The PRP beam possesses a ring-shaped beam pattern that can be tuned to match the surface plasmon resonance angle under a tight focusing condition, hence improving greatly the excitation efficiency of surface plasmon polaritons, and eventually the sensitivity of gap mode SERS. Such kind of enhanced-Raman system with a PRP beam has a great potential on the applications such as single molecule Raman detection.

     

离子注入选育高产壮观链霉菌的研究

利用离子注入选育高产壮观链霉菌。壮观链霉菌1043为一壮观霉素生产菌种,通过实验建立了离子注入选育壮观链霉菌。其效价较出发菌株提高了102.3%。     

生物组织中有限束宽光吸收的蒙特卡罗模拟

用蒙特卡罗法模拟了有限束宽均匀分布和高斯分布光在生物组织中的传播,分析了生物组织的光学参数及光源特性对光吸收分子的影响,结果表明：只要有效光吸收系数增加,最大光吸收率就会增加,光的侧向传输能力主要依赖于光的有效散射,光束宽度增加,辐照范围加宽,高斯光束的吸收分布的梯度更大。     

电子束辐照在农产品贮藏保鲜中的应用

对电子束辐照保鲜机理和特性进行了阐述,并对近年来电子束辐照技术在水果、食用菌、蔬菜、肉类、谷物等农产品保鲜中应用情况进行了评述。与钴源辐照相比,电子束辐照具有杀菌作用强、方便快捷、安全环保等优势,因此该技术在农产品保鲜应用上具有广阔的前景。     

阿魏菇多糖高产菌的离子束和激光复合诱变育种

目的:诱变筛选阿魏菇多糖高产菌,探索食用菌的离子束和激光复合诱变育种方法。方法:尝试用阿魏菇菌丝单细胞为靶材,以离子束注入和激光辐照为复合诱变手段,采用营养缺陷型筛选办法定性初筛,摇瓶发酵定量复筛。结果:通过离子束注入诱变,获得了2株菌丝体多糖产量分别达到551.80mg/L和659.46mg/L、较1号出发菌株提高了46.5%和75.2%的多糖高产菌PFPH-1和PFPH-2;在此基础上,以激光辐照为复合诱变手段,获得了1株菌丝体多糖产量达到762.50 mg/L、较出发菌株PFPH-2提高了15.63%的多糖高产菌PFPH-3。结论:离子束和激光复合诱变育种方法在改良阿魏菇多糖高产性状方面诱变功效显著。     

Damage to Biological Samples Caused by the Electron Beam during Electron Microscopy

A new method has been developed which measures directly the beam damage suffered by biological specimens in the electron microscope. This method involves the use of radioautography to measure specific radioactivity of labeled specimens, either exposed or unexposed to the beam. Using this technique, it has been found that macromolecular samples such as ribosomes and R17 virions are severely damaged during standard electron microscopic operations: from 15 to 40% of the mass of the sample may be lost in a 30 sec exposure to the beam.     

Microwave Beam Bifurcation in an Inhomogeneous Plasma: Modeling by Ray Methods

Plasma Physics Reports - Modification of the beam tracing method for numerical simulations is proposed that allows one to use it in the zones of the microwave beam bifurcation, which is accompanied...     

小麦染色体的显微激光分离

探讨了应用氩离子激光进行植物染色体显微激光切割,分离的可行性,应用该技术对普通小麦的体细胞及特定染色体（１Ｂ染色体）实施切割,分离,并且以分离到的单细胞核或单条染色体为模板进行了ＰＣＲ ＤＮＡ扩增。该技术比玻璃针切割分离染色体技术,具有操作方便,容易掌握,且可对整个细胞核进行分离等优点,有利于促进染色体显微操作技术的普及应用。同时,探讨了染色体显微操作技术在细胞遗传学及分子生物学研究领域的应用前景     

Efficient Surface Plasmon Polariton Excitation with the Beam Generated by Micro Triangular Prism

The optical beam generated by a micro triangular prism is presented to excite surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a single silver nano slit. The electromagnetic fields generated by the micro triangular prism and the excited surface plasmon polaritons are simulated with finite-difference time-domain method. Compared with directly normal incident beam, the efficiency of SPPs’ excitation with the beam generated by the micro triangular prism is highly improved.     

离子束诱变育种研究及应用进展

阐述了离子束诱变的生物效应,研究中有待解决的问题,介绍了离子束诱变在农业、工业育种上的研究进展及成果,并展望了今后的研究前景。     

高斯光束中细胞横向受力分析

按照几何光学的原理建立了高斯光束中细胞受力的力学模型,并利用数值计算,得到了细胞偏离光轴受到的向轴回复力大小与细胞的离轴距离X0、直径2R等的关系.结果表明高斯光束对大小不同的细胞有相同的光学势阱宽度,对较大细胞势阱较深所以较容易稳定俘获.讨论了光钳设计中注意的问题.