茶园螨类调查及利用胡瓜钝绥螨控制卵形短须螨的初步研究

对广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所英德实验茶场进行调查,共有螨类10科,12属,17种.其中捕食性螨类6科,13种,捕食螨优势种为江原钝绥螨Amblyseius eharai.植食性螨类4科,4种,植食性螨类主要为卵形短须螨Brevipalpus obovatus.茶园释放胡瓜钝绥螨Amblyseius cucumeris释放后10～50 d,对卵形短须螨的防治效果达23.30%～81.31%,可有效控制卵形短须螨的为害.并建议在应用中,每株茶树释放一袋胡瓜钝绥螨.     

退化红壤植被恢复对土壤螨类群落结构的影响

对退化红壤地区的旱生性草坡、稀疏针叶林、针叶林、针阔混交林等4种植被恢复类型及裸地、顶级常绿阔叶林等2个对照样地的土壤螨类群落进行四季调查,共捕获4亚目53科,其中隐气门亚目27科（Cryptostigmata）,前气门亚目（Prostigmata）17科,中气门亚目（Mesostigmata）8科,无气门亚目（Astigmata）1科,优势类群为矮汉甲螨科（Nanhermanniidae）和单翼甲螨科（Haplozetidae）,常见类群包括若甲螨科（Oribatulidae）、盖头甲螨科（Tectocepheidae）等16科。应用个体密度、类群数、香农多样性、密度．类群DG指数、丰富度和均匀度、甲螨群落的MGP分析和捕食性螨类MI指数,研究其中螨类的群落结构特征。研究结果表明：不同植被类型土壤螨类群落差异显著,各项指标均以常绿阔叶林为最高,其次为稀疏针叶林,显著高于其它样地（P〈0．05）,针叶林和裸地处于最低水平。甲螨群落类群结构中,各植被类型中的甲螨群落均属于M型;甲螨个体密度结构类型中,裸地属于MP型,旱生性草坡属P型,常绿阔叶林属于O型,其它均属于M型。中气门螨类的MI指数在各植被类型没有明显的变化。DCA分析将6类型分为3类：裸地、常绿阔叶林各为一类,其余各类型归为一类,这显示了土壤螨类群落对植被恢复不同类型的响应。     

福建省竹林益害螨名录（Ⅰ）

本首次报道福建省竹林益害螨名录,它们分别隶属于蜱螨亚纲的6个总科7科19属34种。其中有致使竹林大量落叶的叶螨类群。导致毛竹生长衰退的痪螬,跗线螨共群,也有对竹林害螨,小型昆虫有重要控制作用的捕食性螨类。     

水螨群总科阶元系统发育的支序分析 (蜱螨亚纲：水螨群)

对水螨群9总科进行了系统发育分析,支序分析选用了23个形态学特征和3个生物学特征。据分析结果所揭示的9总科间的系统发育关系和姐妹群关系,将水螨群9总科划分为5类：拟水螨类,含冥绒螨总科;始水螨类,含溪螨总科;真水螨类,含古水螨类和新水螨类;古水螨类,含水螨总科、盾水螨总科和皱喙螨总科;新水螨类,含刺触螨总科、腺水螨总科、湿螨总科和雄尾螨总科。类间姐妹群关系为：拟水螨类与始水螨类+真水螨类为姐妹群,始水螨类与真水螨类(古水螨类+新水螨类)为姐妹群,古水螨类与新水螨类为姐妹群。该文还就所提出的水螨群5类9总科的阶元排列建议与已有的观点进行了比较。     

论水螨腺毛形态学与螨类体躯进化(蜱螨亚纲：水螨群)

基于对中国水螨区系120余种的研究和有关文献,本文提出了水螨腺毛分布体位的原始模式;据腺毛腺体及围腺片等结构特征,将水螨腺毛分为四个结构类型：皱喙螨型、盾水螨型、水螨型和腺水螨型;腺毛结构特征表明,其发生与起源和体躯形态进化相关;全面评述了节肢动物和螨类体躯及体节进化的现有理论、分析讨论了关于螨类祖先体躯模式的Grandiean-Coineau氏学说(十六节说)和Bader氏学说(十二节说),由此并结合作者研究提出了螨类(水螨),原始祖先体躯模式的新假说(十八节说)。     

青海省寄生螨类的区系分布

根据建国以来的大量研究调查资料,对青海地区已记载的寄生螨类（主要包括革螨、恙螨）计10科33属100余种进行了初步的区系分布、数量与宿主关系的探讨。（1）河湟谷地小区[1]：计有45种,主要有：赛氏血革螨、秉氏血革螨、旱獭青厉螨、毒厉螨、鼠兔赫刺螨、褪色巨螯螨、似田鼠新恙螨、旱獭新恙螨等;（2）柴达木盆地小区：计有15种,具代表性种类为乌兰纤恙螨;（3）祁连青南小区：计有85种,具代表性种类为久治真棒恙螨、玉树羽叶恙螨和朱雀禽棒恙螨;（4）羌塘高原小区：计有3种,皆为血厉螨属种类。     

强度石漠化区不同植被修复模式下土壤螨类群落差异

石漠化治理区不同植被修复模式下的土壤螨类群落差异反映了生态系统的恢复状况,可籍以反映石漠化治理的生态效果。2014年1月、4月、8月和10月,对贵州花江喀斯特峡谷区顶坛小流域强度石漠化区域的"花椒"、"金银花"、"花椒+金银花"3种植被修复生境的土壤螨类进行了调查,共捕获土壤螨类1372头,隶属3目55科89属。采用类群(属)数、个体数量、个体密度、多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数(SR)、均匀性指数(J)、相似性指数(CN)、捕食性螨类成熟度指数(MI)和甲螨MGP类群等参数对土壤螨类群落差异进行了表征。结果显示,花椒林拥有较丰富的螨类属,金银花林拥有较高的的个体数量和个体密度。不同模式下的科、属类群组成呈现差异;属数、个体数量存在一定的季节差异,花椒林的螨类属数、金银花林的螨类个体数量和个体密度呈现一定的表聚性;群落多样性大多存在季节差异;捕食性革螨以r选择型为主,甲螨主要为O型和M型。研究表明,强度石漠化在不同植被修复模式下,土壤螨类生物生态类群存在差异,土壤生态系统仍处于修复之中,其中螨类优势属、具有典型生物学与生态学特性差异的螨类类群对石漠化治理的生态效果具有重要的指示作用。     

福建省竹林益害螨名录( I)

本文首次报道福建省竹林益害螨名录,它们分别隶属于蜱螨亚纲的６ 个总科７ 科１９ 属３４ 种。其中有致使竹林大量落叶的叶螨类群。导致毛竹生长衰退的瘿螨,跗线螨类群,也有对竹林害螨,小型昆虫有重要控制作用的捕食性螨类。     

我国自由生活中气门目螨类科属分类

对我国已知自由生活中气门目螨类15科、51属列出科、属检索表。     

中国下盾螨亚科昆虫相关的革螨(蜱螨亚纲:中气门目:厉螨科)

下盾螨亚科的革螨多为营自由牛活的捕食者,其中有一部分种类与昆虫密切相关,人们已经开始关注这些螨类在生物防治领域中的应用潜力.本文首次整理出中国与昆虫相关的下盾螨业科的革螨2属31种,其中下盾螨属Hypoaspis 28种,占90.32%;鞘厉螨属Coleolaelaps 3种,占9.68%.在昆虫的体表发现15种,占48.39%;在昆虫的巢穴和洞道中发现16种,占51.61%.     

蒲螨与人类疾病

蒲螨为一类农业害螨,部分种类可暂时性或偶然地侵袭人体。该文简要介绍了蒲螨的生物学、生态学、引起人体皮炎的蒲螨种类、皮炎的发生特点以及蒲可寄生人体内引起的疾病。并提出治疗方法和除螨措施。     

Dampness,mites and respiratory allergy

Summary This paper reviews the relationships between humidity, house-dust mites and respiratory allergy. In vitro relationship between relative humidity and house-dust mite growth are quite clear cut. In real conditions also, there is a significant association between relative humidity and the presence of live mites. The relevance of house-dust mites for respiratory allergy lies on clinical, physiopathological and mostly on epidemiological data. The latter demonstrate a correlation between exposure to mites and risk of sensitization and development of overt allergic diseases. Lastly, humidity of dwellings is linked to respiratory allergy. These results should lead to building safer dwellings for allergic subjects, or modifying existing dwellings. In this respect, emphasis should be put on a proper ventilation rate and also a proper behaviour of inhabitants in order to minimize humidity production.     

盐城地区未成年过敏性疾病患者吸入性过敏原IgE检测结果分析

摘要 目的：通过研究分析盐城地区未成年过敏性疾病患者吸入性过敏原特异性IgE检测结果分布变化特点,为过敏性疾病预防和临床诊疗提供科学依据。方法：自2020年1月至2021年3月期间,选择430例未成年(<18岁)过敏性疾病患者,血清检测方法采用欧蒙公司生产的过敏原特异性IgE检测试剂盒。结果：430例患者中,血清过敏原IgE阳性166例(38.60%),其中尘螨和屋尘是主要的吸入性过敏原。血清IgE阳性率男性39%,女性36% (P>0.05),中学组女性阳性率（61.11 %）高于男性（45.83 %）（P<0.05）。不同年龄组间IgE阳性率有统计学差异（P<0.05）,蟑螂、尘螨、霉菌、豚草、屋尘和年龄组间有统计学差异（P<0.05）。不同临床症状与IgE阳性率有统计学差异(P<0.05),其中呼吸道过敏症状组IgE阳性率最高（48.30 %）,不同症状组间主要过敏原都是尘螨。屋尘阳性患者均合并尘螨阳性,其中70.93 %的患者表现出了呼吸道过敏症状。结论：尘螨、屋尘是盐城地区未成年过敏性疾病患者最主要的吸入性过敏原,研究血清过敏原分布,对未成年人过敏性疾病的预防、诊疗具有重要意义。     

尘螨过敏原的交叉反应性

尘螨是最主要的室内过敏原之一,随着社会生活的现代化,人们对室内居住环境的要求越来越高,由于环境因素而引起的一些过敏性疾病越来越受到人们的关注。本文主要综述了近几年来尘螨过敏原与其他多种螨类、软体动物（蜗牛）和甲壳类动物（虾）以及昆虫（蟑螂、衣鱼、摇蚊、石蚕蛾）等过敏原之间的交叉反应性,对临床过敏性疾病的诊断具有参考价值。     

The occurrence of mites in cereal-based foods destined for human consumption and possible consequences of infestation

Seven categories of cereal-based food products purchased at food retail outlets in UK were examined for the presence of mites by analysing 20g samples using a flotation method. Mites were found in 21% of 571 samples, which were examined soon after purchase, and in 38% of 421 samples, derived from the 571 samples which were examined after 6 weeks of storage in volunteers' homes. Most of the samples where mites were detected had fewer than five mites. However, a few samples contained more than 20 mites with a maximum of 428 mites detected in a single sample. Sixteen families, genera or species of mites were recovered. The most common species were Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lepidoglyphus destructor and Glycyphagus domesticus. The level of contamination was broadly similar for each of the seven categories of products examined. It is likely that infestation occurs at every stage of food processing and storage. This is the first study of its kind and there is no reason to believe that results from similar studies carried out in other temperate countries would be markedly different. Increase in the percentage of contaminated samples following storage in a domestic situation suggests that the domestic environment is an important factor in developing infestation. The implications of mite contamination on food quality and on human health are briefly discussed.     

Occurrence of mites and fungi in the homes of patients with allergic manifestations

This survey was carried out to evaluate mites and moulds concentrations in the homes of patients with allergic manifestations and positive skin-test for mites and/or fungi. The home environments of 277 patients were evaluated by questionnaire, by sampling of airborne fungal spores and by determining the occurrence of mites and moulds in dust samples. Among the 277 patients examined, 83% reacted positively to house dust mites. The fungal allergen most frequently responsible for skin positivity was Alternaria tenuis. The prevalent airborne fungi were Cladosporium, Penicillium and Alternaria, followed by Aspergillus and Aureobasidium. The other genera were found in less than 50% of the homes. The presence of domestic mites in dust was documented in more than 85% of the homes sampled. The occurrence of fungi in dust was generally higher than in the air. The most common genera recovered were Penicillium, Candida, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Alternaria and Cladosporium. The homes investigated were divided into two groups, damp and dry, on the basis of the reported presence of wet or damp spots on inside surfaces and moulds growing inside the home. Our results showed that the concentration of mites and moulds in dust was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in damp homes as compared to dry ones.In general, a good agreement between skin positivity and presence of the same allergens in patients' home environment was observed for mites and, among fungi, for Alternaria, Cladosporium and Aspergillus. Our results seem to confirm that the study of mycoaeroflora and the quantification of mites and moulds in dust samples of allergic patients' homes could lead to more precise diagnoses and therefore to better prophylactic and therapeutic programs for each individual patient.     

防尘螨药物的实验室药效测试方法

建立防螨药物的药效测试装置与操作方法很有必要。由于尘螨形体微小 ,给防螨药效测试的操作带来诸多困难 ,作者利用螨虫的生物习性及特点 ,建立了布块集螨法、成螨自动分离与净化法、标定计数法 ,布块浸水计数法以及螨虫的驱避和杀灭效果的测试装置与测试方法。结果表明 ,采用成螨自动分离与净化法获得的成螨比例为 ( 94 0± 1 7) %;采用标定计数的精度 (成螨数 刻度 )为 ( 2 0 4± 6 6)只。标定计数 1 0 0 0只螨的实际回收率平均为 ( 75 9± 1 4 6) %,与手工计数无显著性差别 (P >0 0 5 )。实践表明 ,此技术与方法操作简便 ,结果可靠 ,使测试的速度及效果有明显提高     

Comparative Genomics Reveals Insights into the Divergent Evolution of Astigmatic Mites and Household Pest Adaptations

Highly diversified astigmatic mites comprise many medically important human household pests such as house dust mites causing ∼1–2% of all allergic diseases globally; however, their evolutionary origin and diverse lifestyles including reversible parasitism have not been illustrated at the genomic level, which hampers allergy prevention and our exploration of these household pests. Using six high-quality assembled and annotated genomes, this study not only refuted the monophyly of mites and ticks, but also thoroughly explored the divergence of Acariformes and the diversification of astigmatic mites. In monophyletic Acariformes, Prostigmata known as notorious plant pests first evolved, and then rapidly evolving Astigmata diverged from soil oribatid mites. Within astigmatic mites, a wide range of gene families rapidly expanded via tandem gene duplications, including ionotropic glutamate receptors, triacylglycerol lipases, serine proteases and UDP glucuronosyltransferases. Gene diversification after tandem duplications provides many genetic resources for adaptation to sensing environmental signals, digestion, and detoxification in rapidly changing household environments. Many gene decay events only occurred in the skin-burrowing parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Throughout the evolution of Acariformes, massive horizontal gene transfer events occurred in gene families such as UDP glucuronosyltransferases and several important fungal cell wall lytic enzymes, which enable detoxification and digestive functions and provide perfect drug targets for pest control. This comparative study sheds light on the divergent evolution and quick adaptation to human household environments of astigmatic mites and provides insights into the genetic adaptations and even control of human household pests.     

中国植绥螨资源及其生物学研究进展

植绥螨是许多害螨和小型有害昆虫的重要捕食性天敌 ,在农业生产中极具利用价值。我国植绥螨资源相当丰富 ,大量的资源调查工作是在 2 0世纪 70年代末开始的。到目前为止 ,我国已经从不同地区作物上鉴定出植绥螨 2 60余种 ,其中有利用价值的约 2 0种左右。在 2 5～ 3 0℃的适宜温度下 ,植绥螨从卵到羽化为成螨约需 6～ 7d ,而寿命能长达 3 0～ 5 0d。它们对大多数的害螨的功能反应基本成HollingⅡ型。多数成螨为喜湿类型 ,较高的湿度对于孵化和存活尤为重要。在夏季高温和冬季低温来临时进行越夏和越冬 ,以度过不良的环境。植绥螨行两性生殖 ,不交配或交配时间不够 ,不产卵或少产 ,有些种类需要多次交配才能完全产卵。     

中国云南洱海周边大足鼠的体表寄生螨

用U检验和相关分析的统计方法对2003～2004年云南洱海(中国滇西北著名的淡水湖泊)周边251只大足鼠体表寄生螨进行了调查.调查点是我国11大鼠疫自然疫源地之一,也是我国恙虫病和出血热的流行地区.大足鼠已经被鉴定为鼠疫、汉坦病毒、恙虫病和流行性出血热的储存宿主.我们的研究发现大足鼠携带好几种与人兽共患病有关的螨类.为了丰富大足鼠体表寄生螨的研究,在此,对大足鼠的体表寄生螨群落和体表寄生螨医学和兽医学的重要性进行了描述.有191只大足鼠寄生有体表寄生螨,侵染率为76%.采集到的体表寄生螨有35种,包括15种恙螨和20种革螨.其中6种以前已经被证明是人类疾病的主要媒介.因此大足鼠很显然成为流行性出血热和恙虫病等病原体的贮存宿主.