薇甘菊萎蔫病毒感染对薇甘菊光合特性和4种酶活性的影响

为明确薇甘菊萎蔫病毒(Mikania micrantha wilt virus,MMWV)对薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)叶片生理生化的影响,探讨了MMWV侵染对薇甘菊叶片超氧化物岐化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)活性及叶绿素总含量和光合特性的影响.结果表明:MMWV感染薇甘菊16d内叶片的SOD活性均比对照组高,其中第16天达最大值,但接种后第24和32天SOD活性分别比对照低了13.28％和25.37％;POD活性在接种后16-32d均显著高于对照.PPO和PAL变化趋势相似,在接种后第8天这两个酶的活性分别比对照高了77.75％和23.58％,而在第32天分别比对照减少了14.27％和20.53％.随着侵染时间的增加,感病薇甘菊叶片中叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/b值逐步降低;同时最大净光合速率(Pmax)和光饱和点(LSP)分别比健康对照减少了32.34％和12.52％,而对暗呼吸速率(Rd),光补偿点(LCP)和表观量子效率(AQY)无显著影响.表明MMWV侵染可减低薇甘菊叶片光合作用的效率.     

低光下薇甘菊茎的伸长特征及其生理基础

为了解薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)成功入侵森林群落的机制,通过模拟林下低光(30％自然光强),对遮阴下的茎伸长特征、光合特性及其生长调节剂的变化进行了研究.结果表明,在低光下薇甘菊茎的细胞分裂素、赤霉素和生长素含量显著增加;茎仍具有较高的净光合作用能力[Pn=(1.22±0.13)μmol/(m2·s)...     

外来入侵植物薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)对温度升高的响应

为探讨全球变化温度升高对外来入侵植物薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)化感作用和入侵能力的影响,研究不同温度(22、26和30℃)处理对其种子萌发、幼苗生长、生物量分配、挥发物成分和化感作用的影响。结果表明,薇甘菊种子在温度为22、26和30℃时的萌发率分别为29.2%、52.4%和75.2%。30℃条件下薇甘菊种子萌发率最高,萌发速度快。温度升高显著增加薇甘菊茎的生长、增加对茎的生物量分配。GC-MS和GC测定显示,温度升高改变了薇甘菊挥发物的化学成分。同时,生物测定表明,温度升高增强薇甘菊挥发物对萝卜(Raphanus sativus)和油菜(Brassica campestris)的化感作用。说明温度升高促进了薇甘菊种子的萌发和生长,同时增强了该植物的化感作用,温度升高可能加速薇甘菊的生物入侵。     

薇甘菊的天敌调查初报

经调查和鉴定,我国假泽兰属有两种:原产种为假泽兰Mikania cordata,分布海南省和广东省,不造成为害;入侵种为薇甘菊Mikania micrantha,分布广东、香港和台湾等地,造成严重为害.在假泽兰上采到假泽兰瘤瘿螨Aceria mikaniae(Nalepa).是我国新记录,对假泽兰的生长有较大的抑制作用.薇甘菊有明显的驱避作用,绣线菊蚜Aphis citricolor可致薇甘菊叶片萎缩;在深圳、珠海等地发现薇甘菊上病害普遍,是假尾孢菌属一种真菌Pseudocercospora sp.所致.在有些地方发现菟丝子Cuscuta Japonica Choisy寄生微甘菊,能否用来抑制薇甘菊的生长,值得探讨.     

云南假泽兰属植物及薇甘菊的危害

外来入侵生物对生态系统产生的影响十分巨大,已经成为国家生态安全的严重隐患。自上世纪90年代末期以来,入侵植物薇甘菊（Mikania micrantha H．B．K．）在我国的生态危害引起了社会各界的广泛关注。但是,至今我国所有关于薇甘菊的文献中,均末提及该种在云南的分布。作者通过实地调查和查阅昆明植物研究所的相关标本,确认云南分布有两种假泽兰属植物,即假泽兰（Mikania cordata （Burm．f．）B．L．Robinson）和薇甘菊（M．micrantha）,并介绍了薇甘菊在云南西南部德宏州的危害现状。根据薇甘菊的生物学习性,作者预测薇甘菊将进一步在德宏州扩散,还可能入侵到与德宏州气候相似的其他地区,有关政府部门和研究机构对此问题应该给予高度重视。     

薇甘菊的危害与田野菟丝子的防除作用

 通过对东莞、深圳、汕尾、香港等地的11个薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)危害并有田野菟丝子( Cuscuta campestris )生长的野外样地的调查研究,结果表明：薇甘菊的危害极其严重,对各样地的覆盖度高达75%～95%,样地共有111种植物,其中属于重度危害（III级）和极重度危害（IV级）     

寄生植物菟丝子防治外来种薇甘菊研究初探

利用寄生植物田野菟丝子(Cuscuta campestris Yunker)作为外来杂草薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha H．B．k)的生物防治手段,研究了田野菟丝子对薇甘菊的光合作用及生长的影响。结果表明：田野菟丝子寄生于薇甘菊30d左右,薇甘菊单株叶片数、地上茎长度和生物量开始减少,光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量以及叶绿素荧光Fv／Fm也开始降低。经过约2个月时间,以上的几个生长指标和生理指标均显著降低。在野外自然状态下,田野菟丝子由最初撒播面积约0．0l辞,很快发展到20m。左右的大块面积,离侵染源中心的最大扩散距离达到5m以上。田野菟丝子寄生可以严重影响薇甘菊茎叶生长及开花结实,可望成为根本上解决薇甘菊危害的一种生物控制技术,而且也可以缓解药用菟丝子资源匮乏的问题。结合国内外最新进展,提出有关田野菟丝子与其寄主相互关系中亟待解决的几个问题。     

薇甘菊对桔小实蝇的驱避试验初报

为了探索一种低毒、低残留的环保型驱避剂,分别在广州市番禺区杨桃园和广东省昆虫研究所大院内,以薇甘菊Mikania micrantha H.B.K对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)成虫进行驱避试验.结果表明,薇甘菊对桔小实蝇具有明显的驱避效果,在薇甘菊环境内诱杀桔小实蝇虫数明显低于正常环境诱杀虫数,全年1～12月薇甘菊环境内对桔小实蝇的驱避率为13.33～92.78%,全年平均驱避率为50.65%;杨桃园内,以薇甘菊甲醇提取物喷施的杨桃,可以把本地种杨桃的桔小实蝇为害率控制在50%以下,而对照的为害率超过80%.     

台湾相思林和芒草草丛中薇甘菊枝构件的分枝格局及其生物量

 外域杂草薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)具有极强的分枝能力。在枝构件水平上,对生长在台湾相思(Acacia confusa)群落和芒草(Miscanthus sinensis)群落中的薇甘菊枝构件的分枝格局和生物量分配的比较分析得出：1）同芒草群落相比,台湾相思群落中薇甘菊各级枝的分枝数、分枝密度和分枝率都低,而分枝长度则较长;2）台湾相思群落中薇甘菊以第一级分枝为主,而在芒草群落中则以第二级分枝为主;3）台湾相思林中薇甘菊枝构件的叶面积率、比叶面积和比茎长及叶片生物量分配显著大于芒草草丛;4     

入侵植物薇甘菊的根际土壤微生物特征

盆栽试验比较入侵植物薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)和本土植物爬山虎(Parthenocissus tricuspidata)生长过程中的根际土壤微生物结构(磷脂脂肪酸方法)、酶活性及理化性质的特征, 以期揭示薇甘菊入侵过程中的土壤微生物学机制。结果显示: 与本地种爬山虎相比, 薇甘菊根际土壤pH 值降低, 有机质、总氮、铵氮和有效磷含量减少, 但硝态氮含量增加。薇甘菊根际土壤的细菌、真菌、放线菌脂肪酸含量高于爬山虎, 脱氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性显著增强。相关分析表明土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸含量及酶活性与土壤有机质、氮、磷营养盐呈显著相关。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.