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硫酸盐还原菌对汞的甲基化作用及其影响因子 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从受氯碱化工废水严重污染的湖北鸭儿湖 1号氧化塘底泥中分离获得了硫酸盐还原菌 ,研究了其生理特性和环境因子对其生长的影响。并在实验室条件下建立了模拟厌氧水环境 ,通过正交实验获得汞甲基化的最佳条件 ,研究了该条件下硫酸盐还原菌在好氧和厌氧状况下对汞的甲基化作用 ,以及非生物甲基化作用。同时又分别作了单因素实验 ,并用高效液相色谱法测定了水样中不同形态的汞。结果显示 ,该硫酸盐还原菌营厌氧生活 ,在35℃、pH7 0、0 7%的盐度、0 5g/LFe2 和不含硫化物等条件下 ,可达到最佳生长状态。水环境中汞的甲基化作用主要发生在有微生物为媒介的厌氧环境下 ,汞的非生物甲基化作用和好氧环境下的甲基化作用均可忽略不计。厌氧环境下 ,水体温度、pH值、硫化物和盐度等诸多环境因素对汞的微生物甲基化作用的影响也进行了研究与讨论。 相似文献
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DNA甲基化修饰是细菌调控基因表达的一种重要方式,在很多生理过程中发挥非常关键的作用.本文系统介绍了细菌DNA甲基化修饰的起源、DNA甲基转移酶,分类总结了DNA甲基化调控基因表达的机制.同时对近年来细菌DNA甲基化的功能、DNA甲基化检测方法的进展进行了综合评述.这些研究对人类了解细菌DNA甲基化表观调控及控制细菌感染具有重要指导意义. 相似文献
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为了适应复杂多变的生存环境,微生物通常需要在保证基因组序列不变的前提下不断调整胞内代谢网络。表观调控可以在不改变DNA序列的情况下对基因表达进行调控,因此成为细菌中重要的调控方式。作为一种DNA修饰,DNA甲基化修饰是生物体中最常见的表观调控工具。在本文中我们全面、深入解析了两种孤儿甲基转移酶:DNA腺嘌呤甲基转移酶(DNA adenine methyltransferase,Dam)和细胞周期调控甲基转移酶(Cell cycle-regulated methyltransferase,Ccr M)在原核生物中的表观调控功能。我们主要探讨了DNA甲基化参与的细胞生理过程包括DNA复制起始、DNA错配修复、基因表达调控、致病性和相变异等方面。同时,我们结合三维基因组研究技术基因组结构捕获(Chromosome conformation capture,3C)技术和新型DNA磷硫酰化修饰讨论了该领域的发展前景。 相似文献
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通过对5个采油厂14个不同水样中硫酸盐还原菌的培养观察,结果表明,在适宜条件下,培养7d可达到计量此菌的最大菌数。比原观察时间缩短8d,提高了工作效率。 相似文献
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从苦水湖沉积物中分离到了一株革兰氏阴性、弧形、大小为0.3—0.6×1.4—2.0μm、无芽孢和荚膜、中温性、耐盐、专性还原硫酸盐的菌株。该菌除利用蛋白胨、甘油、天门冬素和乳酸盐等有机物外还利用醋酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐等。属于Desulfovibrio sp.。用该菌所进行的淡化苦水试验表明:它能把苦水中的硫酸根全部还原,并使钙、镁离子产生部份沉淀,同时也使苦水中某些有害的金属离子以硫化物形式沉淀掉,从而使苦水水质有所改善。因此,利用微生物来淡化苦水是一个值得进一步研究的课题。 相似文献
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Mercury methylation by dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kerin EJ Gilmour CC Roden E Suzuki MT Coates JD Mason RP 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2006,72(12):7919-7921
The Hg-methylating ability of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria in the genera Geobacter, Desulfuromonas, and Shewanella was examined. All of the Geobacter and Desulfuromonas strains tested methylated mercury while reducing Fe(III), nitrate, or fumarate. In contrast, none of the Shewanella strains produced methylmercury at higher levels than abiotic controls under similar culture conditions. Geobacter and Desulfuromonas are closely related to known Hg-methylating sulfate-reducing bacteria within the Deltaproteobacteria. 相似文献
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Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in anoxic waters and sediments are the major producers of methylmercury in aquatic systems. Although a considerable amount of work has addressed the environmental factors that control methylmercury formation and the conditions that control bioavailability of inorganic mercury to SRB, little work has been undertaken analyzing the biochemical mechanism of methylmercury production. The acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) pathway has been implicated as being key to mercury methylation in one SRB strain, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans LS, but this result has not been extended to other SRB species. To probe whether the acetyl-CoA pathway is the controlling biochemical process for methylmercury production in SRB, five incomplete-oxidizing SRB strains and two Desulfobacter strains that do not use the acetyl-CoA pathway for major carbon metabolism were assayed for methylmercury formation and acetyl-CoA pathway enzyme activities. Three of the SRB strains were also incubated with chloroform to inhibit the acetyl-CoA pathway. So far, all species that have been found to have acetyl-CoA activity are complete oxidizers that require the acetyl-CoA pathway for basic metabolism, as well as methylate mercury. Chloroform inhibits Hg methylation in these species either by blocking the methylating enzyme or by indirect effects on metabolism and growth. However, we have identified four incomplete-oxidizing strains that clearly do not utilize the acetyl-CoA pathway either for metabolism or mercury methylation (as confirmed by the absence of chloroform inhibition). Hg methylation is thus independent of the acetyl-CoA pathway and may not require vitamin B(12) in some and perhaps many incomplete-oxidizing SRB strains. 相似文献
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大气汞循环演化对全球汞的生物地球化学循环起着极其重要的作用。人为活动(化石燃料燃烧、水泥生产、氯碱制造以及金属冶炼与加工等)已成为大气汞的重要来源。在一定条件下,大气中的汞会发生干湿沉降而对某一局部环境——受体产生很大的影响。大气汞沉降在城市和工业区呈现出很强的空间梯度现象,排放源附近的汞沉降量明显较强。利用对受体的研究开展大气汞的源解析工作,是大气汞研究的一个重要领域。本文综述了污染物源解析的受体模型的研究及应用,介绍了化学质量平衡法、因子分析法、正交矩阵因子分解法、多元线性回归法等方法,概括了源解析在大气汞方面的应用成果,对我国区域大气汞源解析受体模型的建立及应用进行了探讨。 相似文献
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汞污染土壤植物修复技术研究进展 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
汞是一种全球性污染物,汞污染土壤的修复问题,一直倍受各国科学工作者关注,土壤汞污染的植物修复技术是近年来发展起来的新兴技术.其中,汞污染土壤的植物提取技术是最有发展前途的一种汞污染土壤植物修复技术.本文对国内外有关汞污染土壤的植物修复技术进行了系统分析,对有关汞污染土壤的植物修复应用技术,如植物挥发、固化及提取等修复方法进行了评述,探讨了植物修复技术在汞污染土壤修复中的应用前景.加快对汞超积累植物的筛选和植物体对重金属耐性机制的研究,对今后开展汞污染土壤的植物修复工作具有重要的现实意义. 相似文献
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J. J. Cooney 《Helgoland Marine Research》1995,49(1-4):663-677
Organotins are toxic to microorganisms. Trisubstituted organotins (R3SnX) are considered more toxic than disubstituted (R2SnX2) or monosubstituted (RSnX3) compounds, and tetrasubstituted compounds (R4Sn) are not considered toxic. In the R3Sn series propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, phenyl- and cyclohexyltins are the most toxic to microorganisms. Toxicity towards aerobes
in the R3Sn series is related to total molecular surface area and to the octanol: water partition coefficient,Kow, which is a measure of hydrophobicity. Care must be taken when testing the toxicity of tin compounds in the laboratory, for
a number of biological, chemical and physical factors can influence the apparent toxicity. Although TBT is generally the most
toxic of the butyltins, there are instances where monobutyltin (MBT) is as toxic, or more toxic, than TBT to microorganisms.
Thus, debutylation in the sequence TBT→DBT→MBT→Sn does not detoxity TBT for all microorganisms. Some microorganisms can methylate
inorganic or organic tins under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Methylation can also occur by chemical means and the relative
contributions of biotic and abiotic mechanisms are not clear. It is difficult to isolate a pure culture which can methylate
tin compounds aerobically, and it is difficult to isolate a pure culture which degrades TBT, suggesting that microbial consortiums
may be involved in transformations of organotins in the aquatic environment. Methylation and debutylation alter the adsorbtivity
and solubility of tin compounds; thus microorganisms can influence the environmental mobility of tin. TBT-resistant microorganisms
can be isolated, and in some of them resistance to TBT can be plasmid-mediated.
The literature review for this paper was completed in July, 1992. 相似文献