杜鹃花属植物花粉形态及其分类学意义

利用扫描电子显微镜对5个亚属20种杜鹃花属植物的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究,其中大部分(16种)为首次报道。杜鹃花属花粉均为四合花粉,呈正四面体排列。四合体为圆角三角形,连接紧密。单粒花粉为球形或近球形,具三沟孔。在扫描电镜下,除了杜鹃亚属的百合杜鹃、羊踯躅亚属的羊踯躅以及马银花亚属的马银花组具有明显的纹饰特征之外,其它类群的形态特征相互重叠,不足以作为现有亚属的分类依据。花粉粒具不同的外壁纹饰,可为分类研究提供孢粉学方面的证据,但应慎重应用花粉形态对杜鹃花属植物特定种进行分类鉴定。     

天仙子族(茄科)的花粉形态补充研究及其系统学意义

在扫描电镜下研究了茄科天仙子族7属及颠茄属、茄参属和枸杞属3属共10属23种植物的花粉形态学特征。结果表明:天仙子族的花粉粒形状为球形、近球形、扁球形和长球形;萌发孔类型有无萌发孔、不规则的拟孔、3沟、4沟、3～4沟、散沟和3孔沟;外壁纹饰为小刺状、瘤状、各式条纹状、条纹-穴状、条纹-网状、皱波状、细网状和网状。沟膜近光滑、具小颗粒、具小刺状突起或具瘤状突起。各属植物的花粉形态在萌发孔的有无、萌发孔的类型和外壁纹饰等方面有较大的差异,可以作为探讨属间分类和系统关系的重要依据。天仙子族植物花粉萌发孔的演化趋势为:无萌发孔→3、4沟→3孔沟。无萌发孔的山莨菪属是原始类群,三孔沟的马尿泡和天仙子等属是进化类群。还讨论了与前人研究结果不同之处和可能的原因。     

东北杜鹃花属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对东北杜鹃花属（Ｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ Ｌｉｎｎ．）６种,１变种,１变型的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究。该属花粉粒均为四合花粉。四合花粉呈正面体排列。花粉粒近球形。每粒花粉均具３沟,在四合花粉粒上,相邻花粉粒上的沟相接,有些种可见沟内的萌发孔。光镜下可见花粉外壁为内外两层,厚度约相等。不同的种在花粉粒大小上有区别。在扫描电镜下观察可见不同的种花粉表面具有不同的纹饰。     

含笑属(木兰科)植物花粉形态及其系统学意义

利用扫描电子显微镜对含笑属12个分类群的花粉形态进行了观察和研究。花粉粒椭圆形,两侧对称,异极,具远极单萌发沟,中等大小;形成一较为自然的分类群。虽然花粉粒的大小和表面雕纹不同种间具有一定的差异,但不足以为现有的属下分类系统提供足够的证据。     

中国东属植物花粉形态及其系统学意义

从系统学分类学的角度出发,对国产栎属31个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明栎属的花粉萌发孔对该属的系统与分类无太大的参考价值;但栎属的花粉纹饰有颗粒状,聚粒状两种主要类型,具有重要的系统学分类学价值。花粉形态的研究结果支持将栎属植物划分为常绿类与落叶类的观点,栎属巴东栎组植物的花粉纹饰在种间存在分化,花粉形态的研究结果支持将巴东栎组至少划分为两个不同类群的观点;在佐以其他证据的情况下,栎属植物的花粉纹饰还具有重要的分类学价值。     

东北杜鹃花属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对东北杜鹃花属(Rhododendron Linn.)6种, 1变种, 1变型的花粉形态进行了观察和比较研究。该属花粉粒均为四合花粉。四合花粉呈正四面体排列。花粉粒近球形。每粒花粉均具3沟,在四合花粉粒上,相邻花粉粒上的沟相接,有些种可见沟内的萌发孔。光镜下可见花粉外壁为内外两层,厚度约相等。不同的种在花粉粒大小上有区别。在扫描电镜下观察可见不同的种花粉表面具有不同的纹饰。即该属在花粉形态上具有种的特性。     

中国栎属植物花粉形态及其系统学意义

从系统学分类学的角度出发 ,对国产栎属 31个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明栎属的花粉萌发孔对该属的系统与分类无太大的参考价值 ;但栎属的花粉纹饰有颗粒状、聚颗粒状两种主要类型 ,具有重要的系统学分类学价值。花粉形态的研究结果支持将栎属植物划分为常绿类与落叶类的观点 ;栎属巴东栎组植物的花粉纹饰在种间存在分化 ,花粉形态的研究结果支持将巴东栎组至少划分为两个不同类群的观点 ;在佐以其他证据的情况下 ,栎属植物的花粉纹饰还具有重要的分类学价值     

杜鹃花属映山红亚属的花粉形态及其系统学意义

Eighty-four pollen samples were obtained for 80 taxa, of which, 13 species and one variety are from sect. Brachycalyx Sweet, 58 species and two varieties from sect. Tsutsusi Sweet, and six species from subgen. Pentanthera （G. Don） Pojarkova, respectively. Pollen morphology of all samples was observed using LM and SEM. Pollen grains are revealed to be spheroidal and tetrahedral with tricolporate apertures. Pollen sizes of subgen. Tsutsusi （Sweet） Pojarkova range from 37.67 μm to 61.06μm, and the exine sculptures are more or less compactly granulated. Pollen sizes are significantly different between sect. Brachycalyx and sect. Tsutsusi of subgen. Tsutsusi. Rhododendron tashiroi Maxim. of sect. Tsusiopsis Sleumer shows a close affinity to sect. Brachycalyx. Pollen size and exine are consistent with general morphology in differentiating species in sect. Tsutsusi. Rhododendron huadingense B. Y. Ding ＆ Y. Y. Fang, once placed as a member of sect. Brachycalyx, should be considered as a species in subgen. Pentanthera.     

山小橘属(芸香科)花粉形态及其系统学意义

利用扫描电镜(SEM)对芸香科山小橘属(Glycosmis)12个分类群16个样品的花粉形态特征(包括花粉大小、萌发孔及外壁纹饰等)进行了观察研究,其中光叶山小橘(G.craibii var.glabra)、长果山小橘(G.erythrocarpa)、锈毛山小橘(G.esquirolii)、长叶山小橘(G.longifolia)、亮叶山小橘(G.lucida)、海南山小橘(G.montana)、少花山小橘(G.oligantha)、小花山小橘(G.parviflora)和华山小橘(G.pseudoracemos)等9个分类群的花粉形态为首次报道.结果表明,国产山小橘属植物的花粉均为单粒花粉,近球形或长球形,花粉大小范围为(15.90～23.92)×(14.56 ～ 22.00) μm,极面观为圆形、三裂圆形或近三角形,极轴与赤道轴比值(P/E)范围为1.03 ～1.31,均为3孔沟;根据花粉外壁纹饰可以将国产种类划分为条网状、复条网状、条纹-穿孔纹饰以及孔穴状纹饰等四种类型,其中小花山小橘不同来源花粉的外壁纹饰差异较大,至少存在5种类型:(1)极面穴状,赤面条网状或穿孔,(2)极面穴状,赤面均匀分布圆形穿孔,(3)具复条网状,(4)条网状兼具不规则小穿孔,(5)条网状兼近圆形穿孔纹饰.研究发现山小橘属植物的花粉形态特征具有较高的多样性,为该属植物的分类及系统学研究提供了可用的孢粉学资料.     

中国杜鹃花属的叶表皮特征及其系统学意义

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜对国产杜鹃花属Rhododendron6个亚属48种4变种植物的叶表皮特征进行观察,结果表明叶表皮的鳞片、腺体、表皮毛的有无和气孔器的类型具有一定的系统学意义。光学显微镜下可见：叶表皮细胞形状为多边形、不规则形,垂周壁式样为较平直、浅波状和波状．气孔器普遍存在于下表皮,上表皮未见气孔器分布,其类型均为无规则形。杜鹃亚属subgen．Rhododendron叶表皮具有鳞片,在扫描电镜下可见气孔器散生于指状突起之间,有别于无鳞类杜鹃花。常绿杜鹃亚属subgen．Hymenanthes和映山红亚属subgen．Tsutsusi有多种不同叶表皮类型;除了凯里杜鹃R．westlandii和弯蒴杜鹃R．henryi形态较特殊之外,马银花亚属subgen．Azaleastrum的马银花组sect．Azaleastrum和长蕊杜鹃组sect．Choniastrum微形态区别不明显。羊踯躅亚属subgen．Pentanthera的羊踯躅R．molle叶表皮有表皮毛,无腺体,气孔器密生,外拱盖形状不对称,外围有多层波形条纹突起可与其他亚属区分：而叶状苞亚属subgen．Therorhodion的叶状苞杜鹃R．redowskianum保卫细胞有明显的T型加厚,与其他亚属种类明显不同,与分子系统发育研究得到的“叶状苞亚属是杜鹃花属的基部类群”的结果吻合。本研究还依据叶表皮微形态特征讨论了一些近缘种类的关系。     

杜鹃属马银花亚属花粉形态的研究

首次报道了杜鹃属马银花亚属四组 2 0种 2变种植物的花粉形态。本亚属植物的花粉均为四合花粉 ,呈正四面体排列 ,四合体直径为 35 .85～ 6 0 .72 μm。单粒花粉球形或近球形 ,具三孔沟。在四合花粉上 ,相邻花粉粒上的沟相连 ,花粉粒表面或多或少具粘丝。在扫描电镜下 ,花粉粒呈现出粗糙、不明显聚颗粒状至致密的聚颗粒状等不同的纹饰 ,在不同的组间存在或多或少的差异 ,具有一定的分类学意义。对某些种的分类处理也能够提供某些孢粉学证据。     

槭树科花粉形态及其系统学意义

报道了槭树科(Aceraceae)槭属21组33种和金钱槭属2种植物的花粉形态。本科花粉近球形至长球形,极面观为三裂圆形。从花粉萌发孔类型看,金钱槭属Dipteronia具三孔沟,槭属（Acer)除4组具三孔沟外,其余均为三沟。从花粉外壁纹饰看,金钱槭属2个种和槭属的大多数种为条纹状,罕为细条纹－拟网状和皱波状。通过花粉形态分析,并结合其它方向的证据,我们认为：（1）Sect.Palmata,Sect.Spicata和Sect.Microcarpa可能是槭属中与金钱槭属关系最密切的类群;（2）A.distalum和A.nipponicum代表了近缘的两个单种组;（3）A.pseudoplatanus不同于Sect.Acer的其它4个种而与A.saccharum可能存在更为密切的关系;（4）Sect.Carpinifolia(细条纹－拟网状外壁纹饰）和Sect.Negundo(皱波状外壁纹饰）则可能代表了槭属中最特化的类群;（5）按槭树科花粉三孔沟到三沟的演化规律,Dipteronia较Acer原始。     

Pollen of Ceratostema (Ericaceae, Vaccinieae): tetrads without septa

The pollen morphology of two species of the Neotropical genus Ceratostema (Ericaceae) was examined by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The Ceratostema species examined have 3-colporate pollen grains united in permanent tetrahedral tetrads that show a common condition encountered in the Ericaceae. But the septal exine was absent between two neighboring grains in each pollen tetrad of Ceratostema. The pollen tetrads without septa are the first report for the Ericaceae as well as other angiosperm families.     

四种番荔枝科植物花粉形态

利用扫描和透射电子显微镜,观察了番荔枝科(Annonaceae)4属4种植物的花粉形态与结构.刺果番荔枝(Annona muricata)和金钩花(Pseuduvaria trimera)为四合花粉,有四角形、偏菱形、T-型、十字形和四面体形.前者花粉表面具小穿孔,后者为皱波状纹饰.蕉木(Oncodostigma hainanense)和那大紫玉盘(Uvaria macclurei)为单花粉,前者表面为皱波状纹饰,后者为粗褶皱状纹饰.透射电子显微镜下,蕉木和那大紫玉盘覆盖层较厚、连续.蕉木覆盖下层较薄,偶尔可见颗粒状物质或不规则小柱,为过渡型覆盖下层;那大紫玉盘覆盖下层颗粒状.基层分为内外两层,外层较厚,平或呈波浪状,内层具有2～4片层结构.在不同属或同属不同种之间,花粉特征差异较大,多样性非常丰富.金钩花具有四合花粉、覆盖下层小柱状等进化特征,同时又具有花粉粒小、覆盖层无穿孔等较原始特征.     

山小橘属 (芸香科) 花粉形态及其系统学意义

利用扫描电镜（SEM）对芸香科山小橘属（Glycosmis）12个分类群16个样品的花粉形态特征（包括花粉大小、萌发孔及外壁纹饰等）进行了观察研究,其中光叶山小橘（G.craibii var. glabra）、长果山小橘（G.erythrocarpa）、锈毛山小橘（G.esquirolii）、长叶山小橘（G.longifolia）、亮叶山小橘（G.lucida）、海南山小橘（G.montana）、少花山小橘（G.oligantha）、小花山小橘（G.parviflora）和华山小橘（G.pseudoracemos）等9个分类群的花粉形态为首次报道。结果表明,国产山小橘属植物的花粉均为单粒花粉,近球形或长球形,花粉大小范围为(15.90~23.92)×(14.56~22.00)μm,极面观为圆形、三裂圆形或近三角形,极轴与赤道轴比值（P/E）范围为1.03~1.31,均为3孔沟;根据花粉外壁纹饰可以将国产种类划分为条网状、复条网状、条纹-穿孔纹饰以及孔穴状纹饰等四种类型,其中小花山小橘不同来源花粉的外壁纹饰差异较大,至少存在5种类型：(1) 极面穴状,赤面条网状或穿孔,(2) 极面穴状,赤面均匀分布圆形穿孔,(3) 具复条网状,(4) 条网状兼具不规则小穿孔,(5) 条网状兼近圆形穿孔纹饰。研究发现山小橘属植物的花粉形态特征具有较高的多样性,为该属植物的分类及系统学研究提供了可用的孢粉学资料。     

Pollen Morphology of the Genus Ligusticum from China and Its Systematic Significance

The genus Ligusticum (Umbelliferae)consists of over 60 specics. So far found are 34 species in China. In the present paper pollen morphology of 25 species of Ligusticum were investigated. Among them only L.scothicum L.is not distributed in China, but in the Soviet Union, Korea, Japan and North America. Pollen grains of all the species were examined by LM, SEM and four species examined under TEM. Seventeen species are palynologically reported here for the first time. Based on our observation and data from other authors the shape of pollen grains in Ligusticum may be divided into four types: (1)Rhomboidal, P/E 1.14-1.87; colpi slender; pores goniotreme, rectangular, protruding; exine 2-layered, nearly equal in thickness, columellae inaistinct, sculpture reticulate or obscure under LM, psilate and finely rugulate under SEM ( including L. franchetii; L. tachiroei and L. sikiangensis); (2) Ellipsoidal, P/ E 1.72-2.25; colpi slender, rarely syncolpate; pores pleurotreme, rarely goniotreme, subrectangular; exine 2-layered, nearly equal in thickness, columellae distinct, sculpture reticulate, distinct or indistinct under LM, rugulate or brevistriate-reticulate under SEM (including L. brachylobum; L.pteridophyllum); (3) Rectangular, P/E 1.71-2.42; colpi long, rather long or wide and short; pores pleurotreme, rounded, subrounded or lalongate; exine 2-layered, sexine thicker than nexine; columellae distinct, sculpture reticulate distinct or obscure under LM, rugulate, brevistriate or striate-reticulate under SEM ( L. angelicifolium L. capillaceum; L. multivittatum; L. sinense ; L. sinense cv. Chuanxiong ; L. sinense cv. Fuxiong ; L. jeholense; L. involucratum; L. oliverianum; L. scothicum; L. scapiforme; L. hispidum; L. daucoides; (4) Equatorial-constricted, P/E 2.00-2.42; colpi short or rather short; pores rounded, ellipsoidal or lalongate; exine 2-layered, sexine thicker than nexine, columellae distinct, sculpture distinctly reticulate under LM, rugulate, brevistriate or striate-reticulate undr SEM (L.filifolium; L. discolor; L. ajaense; L. acuminatum) The revolutionary trends of pollen types are as follows: rhomboidal→ ellipsoidal; rhomboidal→ lalongate-rhomboidal→ rectangular→ equatorial-constricted. The aperture is of two types i.e.goniotreme and pleurotreme. Regel (1858)treated Tilingia as an independent genus and Leute (1969)separated the genus Ligusticpsis from Ligusticum, but pollen information supports K.-Pol. (1916) and Hiroe's (1979)systematic arrangement, placing Tilingia and Ligusticopsis into Ligusticum, because Tilingia and Ligusticopsis are similar to Ligusticum in pollen morphology:tricolporate, exine 2-layered, columellae usually distinct and sculpture reticulate. Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug. Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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Pollen Morphology of Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) and Its Taxonomic Implications

Two forms of pollen morphology of Impatiens L. (Balsminaceae) have been described before: 3-colpate and 4-colpate pollen grains. Pollen grains of 13 species of Impatiens on Mt. Omei were examined under SEM for the first time and both forms were observed here, which imply the diversity of species in this region. Of the two forms, 3-colpate one is quite similar to that of the genus Hydrocera Blume (Balsaminaceae) in external morphology. This relation also exists between the 3-colpate pollen group and Hydrocera in habit, habitat, and distribution, etc. It is supposed that the group with 3-colpate pollen type is a natural one, and may have a close relationship with Hydrocera. The pollen morphology is of important significance in classification of the taxa and evaluation of systematic position in the fami-ly balsaminaceae.     

Pollen Morphology of Neottianthe (Orchidaceae) and Its Taxonomic Significance

The genus Neottianthe (Orchidaceae) consists of about 12 species in the world, of which all are found in China and nine are endemic to China. The pollen morphology of this genus is very specific in shape and composition. All pollen grains in Neottianthe are of a compound pollen grain, called massula, in which of many monad pollen grains adhere togeth er. A massula is usually long and narrow trigonous cone in shape. Pollen grains can be divid ed into five types according to ornamentation, of exine surface: (A) pollen surface almost smooth, or very obscurely fossete, (B)perforate, (C) fossulate or foveolate, (D) reticuloid, and (E)typically reticulate. Neottianthe. calcicola, N. monophylla, N.pseudo-diphylax and N. cucullata have been merged into one species, N. cucullata, by some taxonomists. This treatment is not supported by the pollen morphological data, because pollen morphological characteristics of above-mentioned four species are different from each other. Therefore, pollen morphology shows that they are all independent at the specific level. Finally, it must be stressed that N. camptoceras is uniquite in the genus Neottianthe for its pollen shape,size and surface ornamentation of pollen exine.     

中国特有属牛筋条属的花粉形态与其系统位置

从发育的角度研究了中国特有单种属DichotomanthesKurz及与其系统学研究有关的外类群Prinsepiautilis的花粉形态 ,扫描电镜观察显示Dichotomanthes花粉粒自脱离四分体胼胝质膜开始至成熟二核花粉粒不同发育时期 ,花粉形态和外壁纹饰未见变化 ,仅花粉体积随成熟度增加而有所增大。而Prinsepiautilis ,其花粉粒刚脱离四分体时形状和成熟花粉明显不同 ,成熟花粉极面观为三裂圆形 ,赤道面观为圆形 ,外壁具清晰的平行条纹 ,但幼嫩花粉粒的形状很特别 ,极面观为深三裂圆形 ,赤道面观亦见花粉在两条沟之间下陷而沟部外突 ,明显为角萌发孔花粉 ,且花粉体积较成熟者小 ,而外壁纹饰同成熟者相比无根本性差异。前述两种植物花粉在不同成熟期体积有明显差异 ,而外壁纹饰在不同成熟期不存在质的变化并相对稳定 ,说明花粉外壁纹饰这一性状在蔷薇科中具有较为重要的分类学意义。DichotomanthesKurz具典型Rosaceae花粉的三孔沟结构 ,外壁具条纹 -穴状纹饰。将其孢粉学特征同Rosaceae 4个亚科有关类群的同类资料相比较 ,并结合其它形态解剖与细胞学等研究结果 ,支持将Dichotoman thes置入Maloideae下而不赞同将其另立亚科或置于Prunoideae之下。此外 ,由于Prinsepiautilis的花粉在其发育初期具角萌发孔花粉 ,与Cunoniacea     

中国特有属藤山柳属 (猕猴桃科) 的花粉形态及其分类学意义

摘要：藤山柳属Clematoclethra为中国特有属,属内物种划分争议颇大。利用扫描电镜观察了该属14个居群的花粉形态,结果表明藤山柳属的花粉为小粒花粉,多为圆球形,具三拟孔沟,根据外壁纹饰可分为皱波状花粉、颗粒状花粉和细疣状花粉3种类型。花粉类型与植株毛被特征有一定相关性,对澄清藤山柳属的分类问题具有一定意义。