茉莉酸甲酯的生理生化及在植物抗病中的作用

茉莉酸甲酯的生理生化及在植物抗病中的作用宾金华,潘瑞炽（华南师范大学生物系,广州５１０６３１）ＭＥＴＨＹＬＪＡＳＭＯＮＡＴＥＳ：ＢＩＯＣＨＥＭＩＳＴＲＹ,ＢＩＯＰＨＹＳＩＯＬＯＧＹＡＮＤＲＯＬＥＩＮＰＬＡＮＴＲＥＳＩＳＴＡＮＣＥＢｉｎＪｉｎ－ｈｕａ;...     

植物细胞质膜氧化还原系统

植物细胞质膜氧化还原系统陈珈（北京农业大学生物学院。北京１０００９４）ＲＥＤＯＸＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＴＨＥＰＬＡＳＭＡＭＥＭＢＲＡＮＥＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＣＥＬＬ￥ＣｈｅｎＪｉａ（ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａ！Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＡｇｒｉｃ...     

全球大气二氧化碳浓度升高对植物的影响

全球大气二氧化碳浓度升高对植物的影响蒋高明（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００４４）ＴＨＥＩＭＰＡＣＴＯＦＧＬＯＢＡＬＩＮＣＲＥＡＳＩＮＧＯＦＣＯ＿２ＯＮＰＬＡＮＴＳＪｉａｉｎｇＧａｏ－ｍｉｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,Ａｃａｄｅｍｉａ,...     

生物固氮作用机理

生物固氮作用机理李佳格徐继（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００９３）ＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＯＦＢＩＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＮＩＴＲＯＧＥＮＦＩＸＡＴＩＯＮＬｉＪｉａ－ｇｅＸｕＪｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ...     

乌蔹莓属植物二新种

乌蔹莓属植物二新种李朝銮（中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都６１００４１）ＴＷＯＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＣＡＹＲＡＴＩＡＪＵＳＳＬｉＣｈａｏｌｕａｎ（ＣｈｅｎｇｄｕＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ａｃａｄｅｍｉａｓｉｎｉｃａ,Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ６１０...     

福建悬钩子属一新种

福建悬钩子属一新种张永田,陈丽云（福建省亚热带植物研究所,厦门３６１００６）关键词悬钩子属,九仙莓,新种ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＲＵＢＵＳ（ＲＯＳＡＣＥＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＦＵＪＩＡＮ￥ＺｈａｎｇＹｏｎｇｔｉａｎａｎｄＣｈｅｎＬｉｙｕｎ（ＦｕｊｉａｎＩｎ...     

《SCI》收录的20种重要植物科学期刊

《ＳＣＩ》收录的２０种重要植物科学期刊蒋悟生（天津师范大学生物系,天津３０００７４）李德森（南开大学生命科学院,天津３０００７１）ＴＷＥＮＴＹＩＭＰＯＲＴＡＮＴＰＬＡＮＴＳＣＩＥＮＣＥＪＯＵＲＮＡＬＳＣＯＶＥＲＥＤＢＹＴＨＥＳＣＩＥＮＣＥＣＩＴＡＴＩ...     

植物的诱导抗病性

植物的诱导抗病性洪剑明邱泽生柴晓清（首都师范大学生物系,北京１０００３７）ＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＤＩＳＥＡＳＥＲＥＳＩＳＴＡＮＣＥＯＦＰＬＡＮＴＨｏｎｇＪｉａｎ－ｍｉｎｇＱｉｕＺｅ－ｓｈｅｎｇＣｈａｉＸｉａｏ－ｑｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇ...     

石椒草的化学成分

石椒草的化学成分郝小江,赵碧涛（中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学开放实验室,昆明６５０２０４）关键词石椒草,双香豆素ＴＨＥＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＯＮＳＴＩＴＵＥＮＴＳＯＦＢＯＥＮＮＩＮＧＨＡＵＳＥＮＩＡＳＥＳＳＩＬＩＣＡＲＰＡ￥ＨＡＯＸｉａｏ－Ｊｉａｎｇ...     

异裂菊属两新种

异裂菊属两新种梁健英（广西植物研究所,桂林５４１００６）关键词菊科;异裂菊属;新种ＴＷＯＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＨＥＴＥＲＯＰＬＥＸＩＳＣＨＡＮＧ（ＣＯＭＰＯＳＩＴＡＥ）￥ＬｉａｎｇＪｉａｎｇｙｉｎｇ（ＧｕａｎｇｘｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ...     

高温胁迫及其信号转导

高温是影响当前农业生产重要的不利环境因素之一。本文综述了4种信号分子脱落酸(ABA),Ca2+,水杨酸(SA),茉莉酸(JA)对高温胁迫的响应以及它们的相互关系,高温胁迫能够诱导ABA,Ca2+,SA的含量升高,并且通过外施ABA,Ca2+,SA,JA都能提高植物的抗热性。作为胞内第二信使,外源Ca2+能够提高植物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)的活性,且能提高钙调蛋白水平。ABA诱导的抗热性受胞质游离的Ca2+介导。SA被认为是对胁迫反应所必需的信号分子,H2O2很可能是信号转导链的一部分。JA和ABA在生理功能上有很多相似之处,JA独自或通过提高ABA含量来起作用,JA和SA有不同的生理功能,也有相同的(不过它们的信号转导途径可能不同),最后,提出了今后高温胁迫信号转导研究的一些思路。     

Chemical signaling under abiotic stress environment in plants

Many chemicals are critical for plant growth and development and play an important role in integrating various stress signals and controlling downstream stress responses by modulating gene expression machinery and regulating various transporters/pumps and biochemical reactions. These chemicals include calcium (Ca²⁺), cyclic nucleotides, polyphosphoinositides, nitric oxide (NO), sugars, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and polyamines. Ca²⁺ is one of the very important ubiquitous second messengers in signal transduction pathways and usually its concentration increases in response to the stimuli including stress signals. Many Ca²⁺ sensors detect the Ca²⁺ signals and direct them to downstream signaling pathways by binding and activating diverse targets. cAMP or cGMP protects the cell with ion toxicity. Phosphoinositides are known to be involved both in transmission of signal across the plasma membrane and in intracellular signaling. NO activates various defense genes and acts as a developmental regulator in plants. Sugars affect the expression of many genes involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, nitrogen metabolism, sucrose and starch metabolism, defense mechanisms and cell cycle regulation. ABA, JA, SA and polyamines are also involved in many stress responses. Cross-talk between these chemical signaling pathways is very common in plant responses to abiotic and bitotic factors. In this article we have described the role of these chemicals in initiating signaling under stress conditions mainly the abiotic stress.Key words: ABA, abiotic stress, Ca²⁺ binding proteins, calcium signaling, cyclic nucleotides, nitric oxide, phosphoinositides signaling, signal transduction, sugar signaling     

High temperatures change the perspective: Integrating hormonal responses in citrus plants under co‐occurring abiotic stress conditions

Plants growing in the field are subjected to multiple stress factors acting simultaneously. Abnormally high temperatures are expected to affect wild plants and crops in the next years due to global warming. In this work, we have studied physiological, hormonal and molecular responses of the citrus rootstock, Carrizo citrange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. × Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) subjected to wounding or high salinity occurring individually or in combination with heat stress. According to our results, combination of high salinity and heat stress aggravated the negative effects of salt intoxication in Carrizo. The high transpiration rate caused by high temperatures counteracted physiological responses of plants to salt stress and increased Cl^? intake in leaves. In addition, 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid accumulated specifically under combination of wounding and heat stress, whereas at low temperatures, wounded plants accumulated jasmonic acid (JA) and JA‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile). Moreover, an antagonism between salicylic acid (SA) and JA was observed, and wounded plants subjected to high temperatures did not accumulate JA nor JA‐Ile whereas SA levels increased (via isochorismate synthase biosynthetic pathway). Wounded plants did not accumulate abscisic acid (ABA) but its catabolite phaseic acid. This could act as a signal for the upregulation of (ABA)‐RESPONSIVE ELEMENT (ABRE)‐BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 2 (CsAREB2) and RESPONSIVE TO DISSECATION 22 (CsRD22) in an ABA‐independent way. This work uncovers some mechanisms that explain Carrizo citrange tolerance to high temperatures together with different hormonal signals in response to specific stresses. It is suggested that co‐occurring abiotic stress conditions can modify (either enhance or reduce) the hormonal response to modulate specific responses.     

Jasmonic acid in wound signal transduction pathways

Wounding induces expression of genes encoding defense-related proteins involved in wound healing. An intensive survey has been carried out to clarify the initial signal transduction pathways that mediate this stress to expression of genes. In this context, signal molecules that intermediate in the wound signal to cellular response have been actively searched for. Jasmonic acid (JA) has been considered to be a key signal molecule in this pathway. Systemin, ABA, ethylene, and electrical current have been suggested to function by transmitting the wound signal to JA. A mitogen-activated protein kinase has been shown to respond rapidly to wounding, and proposed to function as one of the key enzymes involved in JA biosynthesis. Transgenic plants overexpressing a gene encoding a Rab-type, small GTP-binding protein contained 6-fold higher levels of cytokinins than wild-type plants, and responded to wounding by rapidly producing JA and, uncommonly, accumulating salicylic acid (SA), a pathogenic signal. These phenomena observed in the transgenic plants were reproduced when wild-type plants were wounded in the presence of the synthetic cytokinin, benzylaminopurine, suggesting that cytokinins are indispensable in the control of endogenous levels of JA and SA.     

在伤信号传导中茉莉酸与水杨酸的关系

近年来,发现茉莉酸和水杨酸都是植物体对外界伤害作出反应,表达抗性基因的信号分子。水杨酸可抑制茉莉酸类的合成及其所诱导的蛋白基因的表达;茉莉酸能阻止病原侵染后所产生的水杨酸的增加。茉莉酸信号转导途径和水杨酸信号转导途径存在着交叉,小GTP结合蛋白和细胞分裂素可能起着信号开关的作用。     

在伤信号传导中茉莉酸与水杨酸的关系

近年来,发现茉莉酸和水杨酸都是植物体对外界伤害作出反应,表达抗性基因的信号分子。水杨酸可抑制茉莉酸类的合成及其所诱导的蛋白基因的表达;茉莉酸能阻止病原侵染后所产缮乃钏岬脑黾印＼岳蛩嵝藕抛纪揪逗退钏嵝藕抛纪揪洞嬖谧沤徊妫。牵裕薪岷蛋白和细胞分裂素可能起着信号开关的作用。     

NPR1 modulates cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways through a novel function in the cytosol

Plant defenses against pathogens and insects are regulated differentially by cross-communicating signal transduction pathways in which salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play key roles. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the antagonistic effect of SA on JA signaling. Arabidopsis plants unable to accumulate SA produced 25-fold higher levels of JA and showed enhanced expression of the JA-responsive genes LOX2, PDF1.2, and VSP in response to infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000, indicating that in wild-type plants, pathogen-induced SA accumulation is associated with the suppression of JA signaling. Analysis of the Arabidopsis mutant npr1, which is impaired in SA signal transduction, revealed that the antagonistic effect of SA on JA signaling requires the regulatory protein NPR1. Nuclear localization of NPR1, which is essential for SA-mediated defense gene expression, is not required for the suppression of JA signaling, indicating that cross-talk between SA and JA is modulated through a novel function of NPR1 in the cytosol.     

葡萄幼苗高温锻炼过程中与水杨酸相关的信号转导的初步研究

对无性繁殖的‘京秀’葡萄（Vitis vinifera cv.Jingxiu）幼苗高温锻炼12 h或外施水杨酸（SA）后12 h发现,两种处理引起葡萄内源ABA含量的变化趋势相似,即在处理后1 h急剧升高,然后又迅速下降,并保持这种低水平到处理结束, 而脂氧合酶（LOX）活性并没有表现出和ABA相似的变化趋势。高温锻炼期间,葡萄叶片内自由态SA含量与ABA变化趋势相似,表现出一种典型的化学信号分子特征。而SA合成的限速酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）也表现出和前两者相似的变化趋势。推测SA单独或通过ABA诱导葡萄抗热性。