塔里木盆地三叠─侏罗纪介形类化石

描述的介形类化石标本采集于新疆塔里木盆地库车和喀什两地区，其中，齐古组产Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ－Ｔｉｍｉｒｉａｓｅｖｉａ组合，恰克马克组产Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ－Ｂｉｓｕｌｃｏｃｙｐｒｉｓ为代表的介形类化石组合，其时代前者为晚侏罗世，后者为中侏罗世；俄霍布拉克组和克拉玛依组产以Ｂｉｓｕｌｃｏｍｐｒｉｓ－ＴｕｎｇｃｈｕａｎｉａＤａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ为代表的组合，其时代为早－中三叠世。     

吐鲁番盆地鄯善地区中、晚侏罗世介形类

报道吐鲁番盆地连木沁剖面七克以组及齐古组的介形类化石３属１０种,其中２新种１未定种;Ｔｈｅｒｉｏｓｙｎｏｅｃｕｍ？ｑｉｋｔｉｍｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏ。,Ｔｈ．ｈｕｏｙａｎｓｈａｎｅｎｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ ｓｐ．,根据化石组合面貌,自上而下可建立两个组合,即Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ－Ｍｅｔａｃｙｐｒｉｓ组合和Ｔｈｅｒｉｏｓｙｎｏｅｃｕｍ？－Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ组合,其时代分别为晚侏罗世和     

腾格里沙漠晚更新世湖相沉积介形类及其环境意义

腾格里沙漠晚更新世断头梁剖面分析出介形类７属７种,分别为Ｌｉｍｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅｉｎｏｐｉｎａｔａ,Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａｓｔｅｖｅｎｓｏｎｉ,Ｃａｎｄｏｎａｎｅｇｌｅｃｔａ,Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅｉｓｔｏｒｏｓａ,Ｉｌｙｏｃｙｐｒｉｓｇｉｂｂａ,Ｃｙｃｌｏｃｙｐｒｉｓｓｅｒｅｎａ,？Ｎｅｏｃｙｐｒｉｄｏｐｓｉｓｓｐ．,其中Ｌｉｍｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅｉｎｏｐｉｎａｔａ和Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａｓｔｅｖｅｎｓｏｎｉ为优势种。根据丰度、分异度及百分含量变化情况,研究剖面划分出四个介形类组合,进一步结合年代数据、沉积物及孢粉资料识别出四个气候期。距今约４２０００－２３０００年间研究区总的气候特征是温暖湿润,间有几次幅度较小的变冷期;介形类显示出淡水至中盐水环境,这一特征持续整个沉积时期,没有出现干旱期。     

滕格里沙漠晚更新世湖相沉积介形类及其环境意义

腾格里沙漠晚更新世断头梁剖面分析出介形类７属７种,分别为Ｌｉｍｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｎｏｐｉｎａｔａ,Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ ｓｔｅｖｅｎｓｏｎｉ,Ｃａｎｄｏｎａ ｎｅｇｌｅｃｔａ,Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅｉｓ ｔｏｒｏｓａ,Ｉｌｙｏｃｙｐｒｉｓ ｇｉｂｂａ,Ｃｙｃｌｏｃｙｐｒｉｓ ｓｅｒｅｎａ,？Ｎｅｏｃｙｐｒｉｄｏｐｓｉｓ ｓｐ．,其中Ｌｉｍｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｎｏｐｉｎａｔａ和Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ ｓｔｅ     

塔里木盆地北缘侏罗纪孢粉组合

本文系统地研究了塔里木盆地北缘侏罗纪的孢子花粉。共发现孢粉化石５２属９０种,以及藻类化石２属２种。建立侏罗纪的孢粉组合序列如下：（１）Ｄｉｓａｃｃｉａｔｒｉｌｅｔｉ－Ｃｙａｔｈｉｄｉｔｅｓ组合（早侏罗世早期阿合组）,（２）Ｃｙａｔｈｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｉｂｏｔｉｕｍｓｐｏｒａ－Ｄｉｓａｃｃｉａｔｒｉｌｅｔｉ组合（早侏罗世晚期阳霞组）,（３）Ｃｙａｔｈｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｎｅｏｒａｉｓｔｒｉｃｋｉａ－Ｄｉｓａｃｃｉａｔｒｉｌｅｔｉ组合（中侏罗世早期克孜勒努尔组）,（４）Ｃｙａｔｈｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｌａｓｏｐｏｌｉｓ组合（中侏罗世晚期恰克马克组）。根据孢粉组合特征讨论了地质时代,同时探讨了古植被和古气候的意义。     

塔里木盆地北部早白垩世孢粉组合

根据建组部面和４个钻井剖面舒善河组孢粉化石的研究,建立５个孢粉组合,自老而新为Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｓｃｈｉｚａｅｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合,Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ高含量组合,Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｄｉｃｈｅｉｒｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ组合,Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｄｉｃｈｅｉｒｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｌｙｇｏｄｉｕｍ－ｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合和Ｄｉｃｈｅｉｒｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ高含量组合。根据舒善河组的时代为早白     

新疆克拉玛依吐孜阿克内沟三工河组孢粉组合

通过对新疆克拉玛依地区吐孜阿克内沟剖面三工河组孢粉组合的研究,共鉴定孢粉２３属３２种,藻类化石２属４种,命名为Ｄｉｓａｃｃｉａｔｒｉｌｅｔｉ－Ｍｏｎｏｃｏｌｐａｔｅｓ－Ｃｙａｔｈｉｄｉｔｅｓ组合（简称ＤＭＣ组合）。描述了５种花粉Ａｂｉｅｔｉｎｅａｅｐｏｌｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ ｄｕｎｒｏｂｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｃｏｕｐｅｒ,Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｉｃｅａ ｍｏｎｓｔｒｕｏｓａ Ｂｏｌｃｈ．,Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｉｄｉｔｅｓ     

青海贵德盆地万秀群中段的介形类

描述青海贵德盆地万秀群中段的介形类５属１４种,其中Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅａ ｗａｎｘｉｕｅｎｓｉｓ为新种。这些介形类代表了典型的早白垩世组合。结合孢粉分析结果在该地区存在典型热河动物群分子（如Ｅｏｓｅｓｔｈｅｒｉａ ｃｆ．ｐｅｒｓｃｕｌｐｔａ,Ｅ．ｓｐｐ．,Ｄｉｅｓｔｈｅｒｉａ ｓｐ．和Ｅｐｈｅｍｅｒｏｐｓｏ ｔｒｉｓｅｔａｌｉｓ等）,认为万秀群中段含介表类层段的地质时代大体相当于白垩纪早期的Ｂｅｒｒｉｓ     

西沙群岛西琛一井中新世地层,古生物群和古环境研究

根据壳状珊瑚藻、海相底栖介形类和有孔虫资料,西琛一井井深３４６．９２－８０２．１７ｍ的地层分别被归为下中新统西沙组下段（井深５５０－８０２．１７ｍ）和上段（４３１－５５０ｍ）,中中新统宣德组（３５３．４０－４３１ｍ）。西沙组下段包括３个介形类组合,自下而上为：①Ａｕｒｉｌａ ｘｉｓｈａｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｔｅｎｅｄｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅ ｘｉｓｈａｅｎｓｉｓ,②Ｔｅｎｅｄｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅ ｘｉｓｈａｅｎｓｉｓ－     

民和盆地早白晋世晚期的孢粉组合

民和盆地的甘肃兰州柴家台地区,下白垩统河口组上亚组含有丰富的孢粉化石。上亚组上部是以Ｓｃｈｉｚａｅｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓ ｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ为代表的粉组合,并可划分出上下两个亚组合,分别以Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｓｃｈｉｚａｅｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ和Ｐｉｃｅａｐｏｌｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ来表示。     

Accumulation of elements in the arteries and cardiac valves of Thai with aging

To elucidate whether the extent of element accumulation in the arteries and cardiac valves with aging was different between different races, the authors investigated the accumulation of elements in the arteries and cardiac valves of the Thai with aging and the relationships among elements in the cardiac valves. After ordinary dissection at Chiang Mai University was finished, 16 arteries and 4 cardiac valves were resected and element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. In the 16 arteries, the average content of calcium was the highest in the site of the abdominal aorta ramifying into the common iliac arteries, and it decreased in the order internal iliac, coronary, abdominal aorta, common iliac, external iliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, thoracic aorta, brachial, radial, common carotid, subclavian, ulnar, axillary, renal, and internal thoracic arteries. The average contents of phosphorus and magnesium in respective arteries were parallel with the average contents of calcium, except for the coronary artery. In comparison with the arteries of the Japanese, the trend of calcium accumulation in the arteries of the Thai was almost similar to that in the arteries of the Japanese, except for the coronary artery and thoracic aorta. The calcium accumulation in the coronary artery was much higher in the Thai than in the Japanese, whereas that in the thoracic aorta was lower in the Thai than in the Japanese. Regarding elements in the cardiac valves, the calcium content increased remarkably in the seventies in the aortic valve and in the nineties in the pulmonary valve, but it hardly increased in both the mitral and tricuspid valves with aging. The average content of calcium was the highest in the aortic valve, and it decreased in the order pulmonary, tricuspid, and mitral valves. Regarding the relationship among elements in the aortic valves, it was found that there were extremely significant direct correlations among the contents of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, whereas there were significant direct correlations between zinc and either calcium or phosphorus contents. Although significant correlations were found between sulfur and the other element contents in the aortic valves of the Japanese, no significant correlations were found between them in the aortic valves of the Thai. In the mitral valves, extremely or very significant direct correlations were found among the contents of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur, with some exceptions that there were no significant correlations between phosphorus and either magnesium or sulfur contents. In addition, no significant correlation was found in the calcium content between the aortic valve and coronary artery in the same individuals.     

基于芽苗砧嫁接油茶砧穗创伤后内源激素动态变化分析

为研究油茶(Camellia oleifera A)嫁接时穗条和砧木创伤后内源激素动态变化规律,解析影响砧穗嫁接面愈合的生理机制,为油茶砧穗愈合生长机理提供理论支持。以树龄6年的长林18号和53号的穗条和实生砧木为材料,按照芽苗砧嫁接方法切割穗条S0(0 min)、S10(10 min)、S40(40 min)和砧木茎段Z0(0 min)、Z10(10 min)后,利用液质联用法(HPLC-MS)测定吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、反式玉米素(TZR)、玉米素(Zeatin)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量,分析不同时间段内源激素变化及品种间差异的关系。结果显示:创伤后18号的TZR、Zeatin和SA含量总体高于53号;18号IAA、SA和JA逐渐下降;TZR和Zeatin分别在S10和S0达最高值后下降;ABA在S10达最高值。53号IAA和JA爱S10达最高值后下降;TZR、Zeatin和SA在S10达低值后逐渐上升;ABA在S0达高值后逐渐下降。砧木茎段创伤前后激素含量除JA外18号高于53号;两品种Z0时激素含量下降,Z10后上升,仅53号ABA和SA含量在Z0达高值后下降。砧木茎段和根部激素含量在品种间除JA外18号高于53号,茎段的IAA、ABA高于根部,其他激素为根部高于茎段。激素比值在品种间和部位间差异明显;IAA/ABA、IAA/TZR、IAA/Zeatin和IAA/JA、ABA/TZR、ABA/Zeatin和ABA/JA比值为53号高于18号;穗条内SA/IAA为18号高于53号,SA/JA和SA/ABA为53号高于18号;砧木茎段均为18号高于53号;TZR/SA、TZR/JA比值在穗条和砧木茎段为18号高于53号。两品种创伤后IAA与JA极显著正相关,而IAA与SA,SA与JA在18号极显著正相关,53号极显著或显著负相关;53号TZR、Zeatin、SA间极显著或显著正相关,JA与TZR、Zeatin和SA极显著负相关。砧木茎段创伤后18号激素间为极显著或显著正相关;53号TZR和Zeatin与IAA、JA极显著正相关,与SA存在显著负相关,SA与JA有显著负相关。砧木茎段和根部间品种间仅在SA与各激素间相关性存在差异,其他激素间存在极显著正相关或负相关。综上所述,砧穗创伤后激素水平上18号在创伤面易于愈伤组织发育,而53号抗逆激素水平较高且与细胞分裂增殖类激素负相关,可能影响53号嫁接后愈合生长;嫁接应在创伤后10 min内较为适宜;砧穗间激素含量及比值的差异可能会影响后期嫁接部位形态重建以及穗条生长。     

Species and individual differences in juvenile female alloparental care are associated with oxytocin receptor density in the striatum and the lateral septum

The neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in the regulation of affiliative behavior and maternal responsiveness in several mammalian species. Rodent species vary considerably in the expression of juvenile alloparental behavior. For example, alloparental behavior is spontaneous in juvenile female prairie voles (approximately 20 days of age), takes 1-3 days of pup exposure to develop in juvenile rats, and is nearly absent in juvenile mice and meadow voles. Here, we tested the hypothesis that species differences in pup responsiveness in juvenile rodents are associated with oxytocin receptor (OTR) density in specific brain regions. We found that OTR density in the nucleus accumbens (NA) is highest in juvenile prairie voles, intermediate in juvenile rats, and lowest in juvenile mice and meadow voles. In the caudate putamen (CP), OTR binding was highest in prairie voles, intermediate in rats and meadow voles, and lowest in mice. In contrast, the lateral septum (LS) shows an opposite pattern, with OTR binding being high in mice and meadow voles and low in prairie voles and rats. Thus, alloparental responsiveness in juvenile rodents is positively correlated with OTR density in the NA and CP and negatively correlated with OTR density in the LS. We then investigated whether a similar receptor-behavior relationship exists among juvenile female prairie voles by correlating individual variation in alloparental behavior with variation in OTR density. The time spent adopting crouching postures, the most distinctive component of alloparental behavior in juveniles, was positively correlated with OTR density in the NA (r = 0.47) and CP (r = 0.45) and negatively correlated with OTR density in the lateral septum (r = -0.53). Thus, variation in OTR density in the NA, CP, and LS may underlie both species and individual differences in alloparental care in rodents.     

乌头荠族的地理分布与系统

乌头荠族植物的地理分布表明,其基本上是１个北温带的族,该族植物有１４属,８个分布区类型,亚洲的中部及西北部一带,特别是伊朗－吐兰区的西北部,是其原始分布与分化的中心;欧洲中部;西北部及巴尔干半岛并散布到和北美洲的西北部是其次生的分布与分化中心。根据该族原始类群和生境的分布分析,推测以上地区有可能是这类植物的发源地。首次从环境气体的变化和该族形态特征演化探讨了现代分布格局的形成原因。     

黄土丘陵区不同植被根际土壤微量元素含量特征

为了解黄土高原不同植被土壤微量元素的根际效应,分析了该地区柠条、沙棘、沙打旺、柳枝稷、阿尔泰狗娃花和茵陈蒿6种植被根际与非根际土壤中有机碳、全氮、Mn、Cu、Fe、Zn含量.结果表明： 6种植被中,柠条、阿尔泰狗娃花和茵陈蒿根际土壤的有机碳、全氮含量高于非根际土壤;除柠条和沙棘外,其余4种植被非根际土壤pH值均显著高于根际土壤.6种植被根际土壤有效Mn含量均低于非根际;柠条、沙打旺和柳枝稷根际有效Cu含量显著高于非根际,表现出强烈根际富集现象.除沙打旺外,其他5种植被根际有效Fe含量均略高于非根际.沙打旺、柳枝稷、茵陈蒿和阿尔泰狗娃花表现出强烈的有效Zn根际富集现象.根际与非根际土壤有机碳、全氮与有效Mn、有效Zn,以及有效Mn与有效Zn呈极显著正相关.根际土壤pH值与有效Mn和有效Zn呈显著负相关.由于不同植物根系的生长特征、根际pH值及微生物种类等的差异,不同植被根际的微量元素含量不同,茵陈蒿根际4种微量元素含量高于其他植被.     

Seasonal variation of organogenetic activity and reserves allocation in the shoot apex of Pinus pinaster Ait

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To understand better the basic growth characteristics of pines and the fundamental properties of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), variations within the shoot apex of buds were studied. METHODS: A detailed structural comparison of meristem dimensions, organogenetic activity, and the presence of lipids, starch grains and tannins was performed on shoot apices of juvenile, and male and female adult Pinus pinaster at five different times in the annual growth cycle. KEY RESULTS: There were significant correlations among traits and differences in the pattern for juvenile and adult shoots. In juvenile shoots, peaks of organogenesis were present in spring and autumn, but not in summer. In adult shoots, one peak, characterized by an increase in meristem dimensions, was present in summer. The accumulation of starch grains beneath the SAM and of tannin in sub-apical pith parenchyma were at their maximum when organogenetic activity was high in spring and autumn in juvenile plants, and in summer in adult plants. In juvenile and adult plants, lipids were stored within the SAM in autumn, filling a large part of the bud in winter, and were depleted in the cortical parenchyma and then in the pith during shoot elongation. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the sites of accumulation within the SAM and on the stage of the annual growth cycle, lipids, starch and tannins may be involved in different processes. In spring, energy and structural materials released by lipid hydrolysis may contribute to stem elongation and/or cell-to-cell communication. During organogenesis, energy and structural materials released by starch hydrolysis may influence developmental programmes in the SAM and adjacent cells. Tannins may be involved in cellular detoxification. At the end of the growing season, accumulation of lipid and starch is positively correlated with the onset of dormancy.     

Aquaporins: water channel proteins of the cell membrane

Aquaporins (AQP) are integral membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in some cases, small solutes across the membrane. They are conserved in bacteria, plants, and animals. Structural analyses of the molecules have revealed the presence of a pore in the center of each aquaporin molecule. In mammalian cells, more than 10 isoforms (AQP0-AQP10) have been identified so far. They are differentially expressed in many types of cells and tissues in the body. AQP0 is abundant in the lens. AQP1 is found in the blood vessels, kidney proximal tubules, eye, and ear. AQP2 is expressed in the kidney collecting ducts, where it shuttles between the intracellular storage sites and the plasma membrane under the control of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Mutations of AQP2 result in diabetes insipidus. AQP3 is present in the kidney collecting ducts, epidermis, urinary, respiratory, and digestive tracts. AQP3 in organs other than the kidney may be involved in the supply of water to them. AQP4 is present in the brain astrocytes, eye, ear, skeletal muscle, stomach parietal cells, and kidney collecting ducts. AQP5 is in the secretory cells such as salivary, lacrimal, and sweat glands. AQP5 is also expressed in the ear and eye. AQP6 is localized intracellular vesicles in the kidney collecting duct cells. AQP7 is expressed in the adipocytes, testis, and kidney. AQP8 is expressed in the kidney, testis, and liver. AQP9 is present in the liver and leukocytes. AQP10 is expressed in the intestine. The diverse and characteristic distribution of aquaporins in the body suggests their important and specific roles in each organ.     

山东省潍坊地区汉族青少年Heath-Carter法体型研究

应用HeathCarter人体测量法对山东省潍坊地区2511名（男1253名、女1258名）7—19岁的汉族学生进行了体型评定。结果是：城市汉族男生平均体型7—15岁为三胚层中间型,16—18岁为内胚层-中胚层均衡型;乡村男生平均体型7—10岁为中胚层-外胚层均衡型,11—14为偏中胚层的外胚层体型,15—17岁为三胚层中间型,18—19岁为内胚层-中胚层均衡型。城市女生平均体型7—9岁为三胚层中间型,10岁为均衡的内胚层体型,11—12岁为外胚层-中胚层均衡型,13—18岁为均衡的内胚层体型;乡村女生7—12岁为均衡的外胚层体型,13—14岁为内胚层-外胚层均衡型,15—18岁为均衡的内胚层体型。     

Differences in accumulation of elements in human cardiac valves

To elucidate changes of human cardiac valves with aging, the authors determined age-related changes of element contents in the four human cardiac valves by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and attempted to examine the relationships in the element contents among the four cardiac valves. The subjects consisted of 10 men and 15 women, ranging in age from 65 to 102 yr. The accumulation of calcium and phosphorus was the highest in the aortic valve, and decreased in the order mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves. The contents of calcium and phosphorus in the aortic valves corresponded to about 12 and 19 times the amounts of those in the tricuspid valves, in which the contents were very low. The contents of calcium and phosphorus in the aortic valves were about 2.5-fold the amounts of those in the mitral valves. An examination was attempted to determine whether or not there were relationships in element contents among the four cardiac valves. As for the aortic and mitral valves, there were no relationships in the contents of calcium and phosphorus between them, but there were relationships in the contents of sulfur and magnesium between them. Three out of 24 cases contained high contents of calcium and phosphorus in both the mitral and aortic valves, whereas 16 out of 24 cases contained high contents of calcium and phosphorus in the aortic valves alone, without the high contents in the mitral valves. Likewise, there were no relationships in the element contents, such as calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and magnesium, between the mitral and pulmonary valves or between the mitral and tricuspid valves. It is suggested that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus in the cardiac valve occurs independent of the other cardiac valves.