快速检测尖锐湿疣组织中人乳头瘤病毒6型和11型DNA的研究

本文应用聚合酶链反应技术对30例人生殖器尖锐湿疣 组织中HPV6,11DNA的存在进行了检测研究。结果发现HPV6,HPV11DNA的阳性率分别为60×,90％HPV6,HPV11DNA双重检出率为53．3％,总阳性率达96．67％,本文结果证实HPV6,11的感染和尖锐湿疣的发生密切相关。本文检测方法具有快速、灵敏、特异性强的优点,为HPVDNA的检测及其分型研究提供了有效的手段。作者还对两例女阴假性湿疣进行PCR扩增,结果似乎不支持女阴假性湿疣的HPV感染的病因学。     

Characterization of human antibody-reactive epitopes encoded by human papillomavirus types 16 and 18.

We have previously reported that the most common human serum immunoglobulin G antibody reactivities to human papillomavirus type 16 and type 18 (HPV16 and HPV18)-encoded proteins are directed against the minor capsid proteins (HPV16 L2 and HPV18 L2) and to the E7 protein of HPV16 (S. A. Jenison, X.-P. Yu, J. M. Valentine, L. A. Koutsky, A. E. Christiansen, A. M. Beckmann, and D. A. Galloway, J. Infect. Dis. 162:60-69, 1990). In this study, the antibody-reactive segments of the HPV16 E7, HPV16 L2, and HPV18 L2 polypeptides were mapped by using nested sets of deleted recombinant proteins. A single major immunoreactive region was identified in the HPV16 E7 polypeptide between amino acids (aa) 21 and 34 (DLYCYE-QLNDSSEE). In contrast, three distinct immunoreactive regions of the HPV16 L2 polypeptide were present in the segment between aa149 and aa204, and three distinct immunoreactive regions of the HPV18 L2 polypeptide were present in the segment between aa110 and aa211. With the exception of one serum sample, serum immunoglobulin G antibodies which reacted with HPV16 L2 polypeptides or with HPV18 L2 polypeptides were not cross-reactive.     

Locations of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein B epitopes recognized by human serum immunoglobulin G antibodies.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein B (gB-2) gene segments were expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. gB-2 recombinant proteins were reacted with human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in Western immunoblot assays. Initially, samples were tested for the presence of HSV-1-specific antibodies and HSV-2-specific antibodies by using HSV-infected cell lysates as antigen targets in Western blot assays. Serum samples that contained HSV-2-specific IgG (n = 58), HSV-1-specific IgG (n = 33), or no detectable HSV antibodies (n = 31) were tested for reactivities with the gB-2 recombinant proteins. In 58 of 58 samples that contained HSV-2-specific IgG, antibodies were present that reacted strongly with a gB-2 amino-proximal segment between amino acids (aa) 18 and 75. Three of 33 serum samples that contained HSV-1- and not HSV-2-specific IgG (as defined by the HSV lysate Western blot assay) reacted with this segment. Both HSV-2 antibodies and HSV-1 antibodies reacted strongly with a carboxy-terminal gB-2 segment between aa 819 and 904; a second minor cross-reactive region was mapped to a gB-2 segment between aa 564 and 626. The gB-2 segment from aa 18 to 75 may constitute a useful reagent for the virus type-specific serodiagnosis of HSV-2 infections. Further studies will be required to determine the relative sensitivities and specificities of the assay for gB-2 aa 18 to 75, HSV gG assays, and HSV lysate Western blot assays for detecting virus type-specific antibody responses in acute and chronic HSV-2 infections.     

Detection of HPV types and neutralizing antibodies in women with genital warts in Tianjin City,China

The serum samples and corresponding cervical swabs were collected from 50 women with genital warts from Tianjin city, China. The neutralizing antibodies against HPV-16, -18, -58, -45, -6 and -11 in serum samples were tested by using pseudovirus-based neutralization assays and HPV DNAs in cervical swabs were also tested by using a typing kit that can detect 21 types of HPV. The results revealed that 36% (18/50) of sera were positive for type-specific neutralizing antibodies with a titer range of 160–2560, of which 22%(11/50), 12%(6/50), 10%(5/50), 4%(2/50), 4%(2/50) and 2%(1/50) were against HPVs -6, -16, -18, -58, -45 and -11, respectively. Additionally, 60% (30/50) of samples were HPV DNA-positive, in which the most common types detected were HPV-68(18%), HPV-16(14%), HPV-58(12%), HPV-33(8%) and HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-18 and HPV-52 (6% each). The concordance between HPV DNA and corresponding neutralizing antibodies was 56% (28/50) with a significant difference (P<0.05). The full-length sequences of five HPV types (HPV -42, -52, -53, -58 and -68) were determined and exhibited 98%–100% identities with their reported genomes. The present data may have utility for investigating the natural history of HPV infection and promote the development of HPV vaccines.     

应用树状DNA杂交(DDH)对生殖道尖锐湿疣中HPV DNA的分型检测

从手术切除的50例生殖道尖锐湿疣新鲜标本中,以及15例正常人血清中,提取基因组DNA,同时用树状DNA杂交(dendrimer DNA hybridizalion,DDH)技术和PCR进行HPV DNA的分型检测.结果50例尖锐湿疣中,以DDH方法检测,感染HPV6型者20例,感染11型者24例,6/11型混合感染者3例,阴性3例,总检测率达94%;以PCR方法检测,HPV6型感染者21例,11型感染者24例,6/11型混合感染者3例,阴性2例,总检测率为96%.15例正常人血清中,以DDH方法检测,HPV感染的假阳性率为0%;以PCR检测,假阳性率为6.67%.还以HPV阳性标本对DDH方法做了敏感度的测定,结果阳性病例DNA检测最低浓度为97.28pg/ml.研究表明,DDH技术具有较高敏感性和高特异性,且成本较低,操作安全简便,可适用于基层中小医院较大样本量筛查.     

1516例性病门诊患者人乳头瘤病毒感染情况及其基因型别

目的了解性病门诊患者人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的感染情况及其基因型别。方法用导流杂交分型检测法对1 516例性病门诊患者进行HPV检测与基因分型,评价HPV及其基因型别与疾病类型的关系。结果 1 516例受检者中,HPV总阳性率为55.61%。基因型分析发现,26例鲍温病样丘疹病患者均有高危型HPV感染,而762例尖锐湿疣患者中低危型HPV感染占70.86%。21种HPV基因型均被检出,以HPV6(28.86%)、11(17.23%)、16(10.41%)型感染最为常见。检出的843例阳性患者中单一型别感染占61.68%,以HPV6和HPV11感染为主;HPV多重感染以高低危型HPV混合感染为主。结论 HPV基因型别分布与疾病类型密切相关,HPV亚型的鉴别对相关疾病的预防和治疗具有临床应用价值。     

应用PCR对尖锐湿疣和外耳道乳头状瘤中HPV DNA的分型检测

从手术切除的24例女性和12例男性尖锐湿疣新鲜标本中,以及42例女性尖锐湿疣、16例男性外耳道乳头状瘤和4例女性假性湿疣的石蜡包埋标本中,提取组织的基因组DNA,用人工合成的人乳头瘤病毒6.11和16型E6区特异性寡聚核苷酸引物,通过PCR进行HPV DNA的分型检测。结果66例女性尖锐湿疣中,感染HPV6型者4例,感染11型者12例,6+11型混合感染者49例;阴性1例,总检出率达98.4％。4例女性假性湿疣中1例为HPV6型感染,阳性率25％。16例男性外耳道乳头状瘤中HPV6+11型感染者5例,6+16型感染者3例,6+11+16型多重感染者8例,阳性率100％。12例男性尖锐湿疣中,HPV11型感染者7例,6+11型4例,阴性1例,总阳性率91.6％。还对细胞学上空泡化和非典型空泡化尖锐湿疣标本的HPV感染做了比较,未发现差异。     

A Vaccine of L2 Epitope Repeats Fused with a Modified IgG1 Fc Induced Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies and Protective Immunity against Divergent Human Papillomavirus Types

Current human papillomavirus (HPV) major capsid protein L1 virus-like particles (VLPs)-based vaccines in clinic induce strong HPV type-specific neutralizing antibody responses. To develop pan-HPV vaccines, here, we show that the fusion protein E3R4 consisting of three repeats of HPV16 L2 aa 17–36 epitope (E3) and a modified human IgG1 Fc scaffold (R4) induces cross-neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity against divergent HPV types. E3R4 was expressed as a secreted protein in baculovirus expression system and could be simply purified by one step Protein A affinity chromatography with the purity above 90%. Vaccination of E3R4 formulated with Freunds adjuvant not only induced cross-neutralizing antibodies against HPV pseudovirus types 16, 18, 45, 52, 58, 6, 11 and 5 in mice, but also protected mice against vaginal challenges with HPV pseudovirus types 16, 45, 52, 58, 11 and 5 for at least eleven months after the first immunization. Moreover, vaccination of E3R4 formulated with FDA approved adjuvant alum plus monophosphoryl lipid A also induced cross-neutralizing antibodies against HPV types 16, 18 and 6 in rabbits. Thus, our results demonstrate that delivery of L2 antigen as a modified Fc-fusion protein may facilitate pan-HPV vaccine development.     

尖锐湿疣样本中HPV病毒的分子检测

调查男性和女性尖锐湿疣样本中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的检出率及病毒类型,为研发相关防治疫苗提供依据,以HPV 外壳蛋白DNA序列为模板设计特异引物,SSP－PCR扩增检测样本中HPV的感染率和病毒类型。收集了北京及邯郸市医院门诊尖锐湿疣样本22例,其中男性13例,女性9例。检测发现所有样本中存在着高浓度的HPV病毒DNA。男性样本中有5例感染HPV6型,6例感染HPV11型,2例为HPV6＋HPV11混合感染。女性样本中有3例感染HPV6型,2例感染HPV11型,4例为 HPV6＋HPV11混合感染。被诊断为宫颈湿疣的4位女性还在其含宫颈粘膜脱落细胞的样本中检出了HPV16、HPV18、HPV33、HPV35、HPV45、HPV54、HPV56或HPV58等高危险型病毒类型。所有检测到的HPV病毒DNA片段均TA克隆并将测定的DNA序列存入了国际基因数据库GenBank（DQ003066－DQ003079）。调查没有在单纯的男女尖锐湿疣组织块中检测到除HPV6和HPV11以外的其他HPV类型。该研究建立了灵敏可靠的HPV分子检测及分型方法,尖锐湿疣中HPV的检出率达100％。 本研究初步结果显示导致男女尖锐湿疣的HPV病毒类型没有显著差异,主要为HPV6及HPV11型。     

Detection of HPV Types and Neutralizing Antibodies in Women with Genital Warts in Tianjin City,China

The serum samples and corresponding cervical swabs were collected from 50 women with genital warts from Tianjin city,China.The neutralizing antibodies against HPV-16,-18,-58,-45,-6 and-11 in serum samples were tested by using pseudovirus-based neutralization assays and HPV DNAs in cervical swabs were also tested by using a typing kit that can detect 21 types of HPV.The results revealed that 36%(18/50)of sera were positive for type-specific neutralizing antibodies with a titer range of 160-2560,of which 22%(...     

广州地区尖锐湿疣患者HPV感染情况及其 基因分型

目的 分析广州地区尖锐湿疣患者人乳头瘤病毒感染状况及其基因型分布情况,为临床早期诊断和治疗提供依据。方法 采用基因芯片技术对2013年1月至2017年12月在我院皮肤科就诊的421例不同年龄性别的尖锐湿疣患者进行HPV基因检查,分析HPV-DNA亚型分布状况。结果 421例受检者中共检出HPV阳性者395例,阳性率为93.82%,其中高危型HPV感染阳性率为39.43%(166/421)。在被检测的21个HPV亚型中,最常见类型依次为6型(45.13%,190/421)、11型(29.22%,123/421)和16型(9.03%,38/421),其中女性高危型HPV感染率为23.28%(98/421),明显高于男性的16.15%(68/421)。HPV阳性者中多重感染率为32.54%(137/421),以二重感染最常见(19.71%,83/421)。不同年龄段人群HPV阳性率有差异,21～30岁人群HPV阳性率最高(47.74%,201/421)。结论 广州地区尖锐湿疣患者HPV最常见的亚型是HPV6、HPV11和HPV16型,高危型HPV感染率较高并多以混合感染形式存在。分析HPV基因亚型是临床尖锐湿疣诊断和疗效观察的理想方法。     

Development of a Multiplex PCR Test with Automated Genotyping Targeting E7 for Detection of Six High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses

Cervical cancer is caused by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) and viral detection tests aid in the diagnosis of precursor lesions. In the present study, a molecular test for detection of high-risk HPV DNA, called E7-HPV, was standardized and assessed in samples from women with pre-cancerous lesions. The development of the E7-HPV test for detection and genotyping of six high-risk HPV (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45 and 52), consisted of evaluating primer quality and adjusting the multiplex PCR conditions. Primer design was based on the E7 region of each HPV, and the fluorochrome 6-FAM was added to PCR primers. Viral detection was performed by capillary electrophoresis in automated sequencer in samples obtained from 60 women (55 with ASC-H/HSIL cytology) from August to September 2013. A non-inferiority analysis was conducted with the cobas HPV test as a reference and following international guidelines for the development of new tests. The two tests had a high concordance rate in HPV16 detection (kappa=0.972), with only one discordant case (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, negaive with cobas and positive for HPV16 by E7-HPV) and complete agreement in HPV18 detection. When comparing detection of all high-risk HPV, three cases were positive with cobas but negative with E7-HPV, and another three cases were negative with cobas but positive with E7-HPV (HPV16, 31 and 52). When we evaluate the cases initially suspected by cytology, the two tests had the same sensitivity in detection CIN2 or worse. In conclusion, the E7-HPV test has satisfactory initial results, and its development can be continued.     

Characterization of murine polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies generated against intact and denatured human papillomavirus type 1 virions.

Human papillomavirus type 1 (HPV1) virions, both as intact virion particles (IVP) and as detergent-denatured virions (DDV), were used to prepare polyclonal antisera and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in BALB/c mice. Anti-IVP antiserum contained type-specific HPV1 L2-reactive antibodies and no detectable HPV1 L1-reactive antibodies. Anti-IVP MAbs recognized a linear epitope between L2 amino acids 102 and 108 (PIDVVDP). Anti-DDV antiserum contained type-specific HPV1 L1-reactive and HPV1 L2-reactive antibodies. An anti-DDV MAb recognized a linear epitope between L1 amino acids 127 and 133 (AENPTNY). HPV1a L1- and L2-encoded polypeptides expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and by in vitro translation were equivalent in size to the major and minor virion capsid proteins, respectively.     

Comparison of MY09/11 consensus PCR and type-specific PCRs in the detection of oncogenic HPV types

The causal relationship between persistent infection with high-risk HPV and cervical cancer has resulted in the development of HPV DNA detection systems. The widely used MY09/11 consensus PCR targets a 450bp conserved sequence in the HPV L1 gene, and can therefore amplify a broad spectrum of HPV types. However, limitations of these consensus primers are evident, particularly in regard to the variability in detection sensitivity among different HPV types. This study compared MY09/11 PCR with type-specific PCRs in the detection of oncogenic HPV types. The study population comprised 15, 774 patients. Consensus PCR failed to detect 522 (10.9%) HPV infections indicated by type-specific PCRs. A significant correlation between failure of consensus PCR and HPV type was found. HPV types 51, 68 and 45 were missed most frequently. The clinical relevance of the HPV infections missed by MY09/11 PCR was reflected in the fraction of cases with cytological abnormalities and in follow-up, showing 104 (25.4%) CIN2+ cases. The MY09/11 false negativity could be the result of poor sensitivity, mismatch of MY09/11 primers or disruption of L1 target by HPV integration or DNA degradation. Furthermore, MY09/11 PCR lacked specificity for oncogenic HPVs. Diagnostic accuracy of the PCR systems, in terms of sensitivity (MY09/11 PCR: 87.9%; type-specific PCRs: 98.3%) and specificity (MY09/11 PCR: 38.7%; type-specific PCRs: 76.14%), and predictive values for histologically confirmed CIN2+, suggest that type-specific PCRs could be used in a clinical setting as a reliable screening tool.     

Common Neutralization Epitope in Minor Capsid Protein L2 of Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 6

Studies of virus neutralization by antibody are a prerequisite for development of a prophylactic vaccine strategy against human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Using HPV16 and -6 pseudovirions capable of inducing beta-galactosidase in infected monkey COS-1 cells, we examined the neutralizing activity of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize surface epitopes in HPV16 minor capsid protein L2. Two MAbs binding to a synthetic peptide with the HPV16 L2 sequence of amino acids (aa) 108 to 120 were found to inhibit pseudoinfections with HPV16 as well as HPV6. Antisera raised by immunizing BALB/c mice with the synthetic peptide had a cross-neutralizing activity similar to that of the MAb. The data indicate that HPV16 and -6 have a common cross-neutralization epitope (located within aa 108 to 120 of L2 in HPV16), suggesting that this epitope may be shared by other genital HPVs.     

肛门生殖器区肿瘤组织中HPV的快速检测和分型

迄今已发现的人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）型已超过７７型,其中至少有３０个型与泌尿生殖道肿瘤有关。所以ＨＰＶ的检测与分型对于泌尿生殖道肿瘤的病因和预后将是非常重要的。ＨＰＶ有很大的异质性,故用常规的诊断技术来测定未知标本中的ＨＰＶ基因型有一定困难。为此,我们应用了反向点杂交法（ＲＯＢ）来检测ＨＰＶ分型。即用７种序列特异性寡核苷酸探针分别对应７型ＨＰＶ（ＨＰＶ６Ｂ、１１、１６、１８、３１、３３、３５）,这些     

Bacterial-based systems for expression and purification of recombinant Lassa virus proteins of immunological relevance

This paper aimed at studying the transplacental transmission of HPV and looking at the epidemiological factors involved in maternal viral infection. The following sampling methods were used: (1) in the pregnant woman, (a) genital; (b) peripheral blood; (2) in the newborn, (a) oral cavity, axillary and inguinal regions; (b) nasopharyngeal aspirate, and (c) cord blood; (3) in the placenta. The HPV DNA was identified using two methods: multiplex PCR of human β-globin and of HPV using the PGMY09 and PGMY11 primers; and nested-PCR, which combines degenerated primers of the E6/E7 regions of the HPV virus, that allowed the identification of genotypes 6/11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 42, 52 and 58. Transplacental transmission was considered when type-specific HPV concordance was found between the mother, the placenta and the newborn or the mother and cord blood. The study included 49 HPV DNA-positive pregnant women at delivery. Twelve placentas (24.5%, n = 12/49) had a positive result for HPV DNA. Eleven newborn were HPV DNA positive in samples from the nasopharyngeal or buccal and body or cord blood. In 5 cases (10.2%, n = 5/49) there was HPV type-specific agreement between genital/placenta/newborn samples. In one case (2%, n = 1/49) there was type specific HPV concordance between genital/cord blood and also suggested transplacental transmission. A positive and significant correlation was observed between transplacental transmission of HPV infection and the maternal variables of immunodepression history (HIV, p = 0.011). In conclusion the study suggests placental infection in 23.3% of the cases studied and transplacental transmission in 12.2%. It is suggested that in future HPV DNA be researched in the normal endometrium of women of reproductive age. The possible consequence of fetal exposure to HPV should be observed.     

Humoral immune response recognizes a complex set of epitopes on human papillomavirus type 6 l1 capsomers

Although epitope mapping has identified residues on the human papillomavirus (HPV) major capsid protein (L1) that are important for binding mouse monoclonal antibodies, epitopes recognized by human antibodies are not known. To map epitopes on HPV type 6 (HPV6) L1, surface-exposed loops were mutated to the corresponding sequence of HPV11 L1. HPV6 L1 capsomers had one to six regions mutated, including the BC, DE, EF, FG, and HI loops and the 139 C-terminal residues. After verifying proper conformation, hybrid capsomers were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with 36 HPV6-seropositive sera from women enrolled in a study of incident HPV infection. Twelve sera were HPV6 specific, while the remainder reacted with both HPV6 and HPV11 L1. By preadsorption studies, 6/11 of these sera were shown to be cross-reactive. Among the HPV6-specific sera there was no immunodominant epitope recognized by all sera. Six of the 12 sera recognized epitopes that contained residues from combinations of the BC, DE, and FG loops, one serum recognized an epitope that consisted partially of the C-terminal arm, and three sera recognized complex epitopes to which reactivity was eliminated by switching all five loops. Reactivity in two sera was not eliminated even with all six regions swapped. The patterns of epitope recognition did not change over time in women whose sera were examined 9 years after their first-seropositive visit.     

Expression of human papillomavirus types 6b and 16 L1 open reading frames in Escherichia coli: detection of a 56,000-dalton polypeptide containing genus-specific (common) antigens.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) genome contains two large open reading frames (ORFs), designated L1 and L2. To characterize the antigenic properties of the L1 ORF-encoded proteins, we cloned the L1 ORFs of HPV6b and HPV16 in plasmids, and these were expressed in Escherichia coli. First, the HPV6b DNA, representing 85.2% of the L1 ORF, was cloned in pUC19 and expressed in E. coli JM83 and RB791 as a 160,000-molecular-weight (160K) fusion protein with E. coli beta-galactosidase (6bL1/beta-gal). Second, the HPV16 DNA, representing 89.8% of the L1 ORF, was cloned in pKK233-2 and expressed as a 56K protein (16L1) in strain RB791. Both the 6bL1/beta-gal and 16L1 proteins cross-reacted with anti-bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) antibody raised against disrupted BPV1 particles. An antibody raised against the 6bL1/beta-gal fusion protein reacted with the 16L1 protein and also with native papillomavirus antigens in human genital condyloma and bovine fibropapilloma tissues, as determined by biotin-streptavidin staining. Furthermore, the anti-6bL1/beta-gal antibody recognized a 54K protein which seemed to be a major capsid protein of BPV1 and also a 56K protein of biopsies harboring HPV6 or HPV11. From these results we concluded that the papillomavirus L1 gene product contains genus-specific (common) antigens and that the HPV6 and HPV11 L1 genes specify the 56K capsid protein.