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由于对发育研究的长期积累,近年来植物变种的大量发现和应用,以及分子生物学技术的发展,植物的发育生物学研究,尤其是繁殖器官发育的研究已成为当今相当活跃的领域,以下仅就光敏色素、成花、育性、胚胎发育和种子品质改良等方面目前的进展作一概述和展望。繁殖器官的发育与环境因子有着密切的关系,光周期和低温诱导成花是研究较多的二个方面。在低温诱导方面,已对春化代谢特点和专一性蛋白进行了研究。在光周期诱导方面,光敏色素因为能接受光的信号,并对许多光形态建成的反应具有调节作用而受到注意。光敏色素是一种可溶性蛋白,最… 相似文献
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一次结实植物的衰老与氮再分配 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对一次结实植物衰老过程中氨再分配、硝酸还原、氨基酸代谢、蛋白质降解及调节、产量形成、品质改良和氨的经济利用等方面作了概述,并展望了未来的研究趋势。 相似文献
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植物代谢工程是一个很有发展前景的新兴学科。它可通过多种方法对植物的代谢流进行改造,如加速限制步骤的反应,改变分叉代谢途径的流向,构建代谢旁路,引入转录调节因子、信号因子、植物激素合成基因,扩展和构建新的代谢途径等方法进行。并取得了一些有意义的研究结果。 相似文献
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植物萜类次生代谢及其调控 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
植物次生代谢在植物生长发育、环境适应、抵御病虫害等方面发挥着重要作用,这些天然产物组成地球上最丰富的有机化合物的宝库.萜类是植物代谢产物中种类最多的一类,具有重要的生理和生态功能,一些成分还有应用价值.近十几年来,人们在萜类化合物的分离、鉴定、应用、生物合成、相关基因与基因族、酶蛋白结构和功能、代谢调控以及代谢工程等各方面取得了重大进展.本文概述了植物萜类化合物代谢及其调控领域的研究进展与发展趋势. 相似文献
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通过转基因技术改良植物品质近几年已成为热点研究问题,基因工程不断发展,单基因转化技术已不能满足人们对植物改良的需要。更多的研究者投身于参与某个代谢途径的多个基因在植物体中共同表达的研究,通过多基因调控来获得更好的植物性状。基因的协调表达有四种研究思路,在此基础上多基因转化方法可概述为传统转化法、改进后的共转化法,及新兴的基因融合方法,综合分析每种方法在植物代谢调控中的优缺点与应用,并探讨多基因整合的不稳定及相互作用问题。 相似文献
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植物次生代谢基因工程 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
植物次生代谢基因工程,是利用基因工程技术对植物次生代谢途径的遗传特性进行改造,进而改变植物次生代谢产物。植物次生代谢基因工程的出现是人类对次生代谢途径的深入了解和分子生物学向纵深发展的结果,同时它又促进了次生代谢分子生物学的发展。调控因子的应用和多基因的协同转化为植物次生代谢基因工程拓宽了思路。从次生代谢图谱、植物基因工程策略和植物转基因方法等方面对植物次生代谢的基因工程研究进展做一简要概述。 相似文献
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壳聚糖调节植物生长发育及诱发植物抗病性研究进展 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
综述了壳聚糖在调节植物生长发育和诱导植物抗病性方面所起的重要作用及其可能的作用机制。壳聚糖对植物氨同化关键酶具有明显的生理调节功能,可以提高植物同化NH4 的能力,有利于蛋白质的生物合成与积累,改善植物的营养品质及园艺性状;并能迅速激发植物的防卫反应,启动植物的防御系统,有效地提高植物的抗病性。同时通过壳聚糖结合蛋白的分离、纯化及其生化特性的研究为进一步确定壳聚糖的作用机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Current theories of plant-herbivore interactions suggest that plants may differ in palatability to herbivores as a function of abiotic stress; however, studies of these theories have produced mixed results. We compared the palatability of eight common salt marsh plants that occur across elevational and salinity stress gradients to six common leaf-chewing herbivores to determine patterns of plant palatability. The palatability of every plant species varied across gradients of abiotic stress in at least one comparison, and over half of the comparisons indicated significant differences in palatability. The direction of the preferences, however, was dependent on the plant and herbivore species studied, suggesting that different types of stress affect plants in different ways, that different plant species respond differently to stress, and that different herbivore species measure plant quality in different ways. Overall, 51% of the variation in the strength of the feeding preferences could be explained by a knowledge of the strength of the stress gradient and the type of gradient, plant and herbivore studied. This suggests that the prospects are good for a more complex, conditional theory of plant stress and herbivore feeding preferences that is based on a mechanistic understanding of plant physiology and the factors underlying herbivore feeding preferences. 相似文献
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Jaan Liira Torsten Schmidt Tsipe Aavik Paul Arens Isabel Augenstein Debra Bailey Regula Billeter Roman Bukáček Françoise Burel Geert De Blust Raphaël De Cock Jolanda Dirksen Peter J. Edwards Roman Hamerský Felix Herzog Stefan Klotz Ingolf Kühn Didier Le Coeur Pavlina Miklová Martina Roubalova Oliver Schweiger Marinus J.M. Smulders Walter K.R.E. van Wingerden Rob Bugter Martin Zobel 《植被学杂志》2008,19(1):3-14
Question: Which are the plant functional groups responding most clearly to agricultural disturbances? Which are the relative roles of habitat availability, landscape configuration and agricultural land use intensity in affecting the functional composition and diversity of vascular plants in agricultural landscapes? Location: 25 agricultural landscape areas in seven European countries. Methods: We examined the plant species richness and abundance in 4 km × 4 km landscape study sites. The plant functional group classification was derived from the BIOLFLOR database. Factorial decomposition of functional groups was applied. Results: Natural habitat availability and low land use intensity supported the abundance and richness of perennials, sedges, pteridophytes and high nature quality indicator species. The abundance of clonal species, C and S strategists was also correlated with habitat area. An increasing density of field edges explained a decrease in richness of high nature quality species and an increase in richness of annual graminoids. Intensive agriculture enhanced the richness of annuals and low nature quality species. Conclusions: Habitat patch availability and habitat quality are the main drivers of functional group composition and plant species richness in European agricultural landscapes. Linear elements do not compensate for the loss of habitats, as they mostly support disturbance tolerant generalist species. In order to conserve vascular plant species diversity in agricultural landscapes, the protection and enlargement of existing patches of (semi‐) natural habitats appears to be more effective than relying on the rescue effect of linear elements. This should be done in combination with appropriate agricultural management techniques to limit the effect of agrochemicals to the fields. 相似文献
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植物G蛋白与植物防卫反应 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
近年来, 植物G蛋白(包括异三聚体G蛋白和小G蛋白)的存在及其信号调控途径已经成为人们研究细胞信号转导过程的热点问题。从多种植物细胞中相继分离克隆出多个与动物G蛋白同源的编码植物G蛋白的基因, 并且植物G蛋白的种类和数量有其独特性。植物G蛋白在植物细胞跨膜信号转导中发挥重要的作用, 参与多种生命活动的调控。本文主要综述了植物G蛋白参与植物防卫反应调节作用的研究进展。 相似文献
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Burning shrub and grassland communities often leads to increases in plant production and nutritional quality that benefit
herbivores, resulting in increased herbivore use of burned areas. Increased use has been ascribed more specifically to changes
in plant community structure, community composition and diversity, nutritional quality, and seasonal availability. These hypotheses
can be evaluated more precisely if changes in plant communities following burning are monitored concurrently with changes
in herbivore use, especially in longer-term studies. From 1988 to 1999, we examined responses of elk (Cervus elaphus) following prescribed burning of areas burned in 1984 and 1988 that had been formerly dominated by mountain big sagebrush
(Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana) in south-central Montana (USA), with concurrent monitoring of changes in plant production, nutritional quality, and community
composition. Elk made increased use of burned sites up to 15 years after burning. Burning transformed big sagebrush-dominated
communities into native herbaceous communities that persisted for 15 years without sagebrush reinvasion. Forage biomass and
protein content remained higher on burned sites for 15 years, although differences were not significant in every year and
declined as time elapsed after burning. Forage production, forage protein, and elk use were temporally correlated, suggesting
the possibility that grazing by elk might have contributed to persistence of elevated plant production and protein levels
on burned sites. 相似文献
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Plant salt-tolerance mechanism: A review 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Wenji Liang Xiaoli Ma Peng Wan Lianyin Liu 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2018,495(1):286-291
Almost all crops that are important to humans are sensitive to high salt concentration in the soil. The presence of salt in soil is one of the most significant abiotic stresses in farming. Therefore, improving plant salt tolerance and increasing the yield and quality of crops in salty land is vital. Transgenic technology is a fast and effective method to obtain salt-tolerant varieties. At present, many scholars have studied salt damage to plant and plant salt-tolerance mechanism. These scholars have cloned a number of salt-related genes and achieved high salt tolerance for transgenic plants, thereby showing attractive prospects.In this paper, the salt-tolerance mechanism of plants is described from four aspects: plant osmotic stress, ion toxicity, oxidative stress, and salt tolerance genes. This review may help in studies to reveal the mechanism of plant salt tolerance, screen high efficiency and quality salt tolerance crops. 相似文献
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《Microbiological research》2014,169(1):30-39
To feed all of the world's people, it is necessary to sustainably increase agricultural productivity. One way to do this is through the increased use of plant growth-promoting bacteria; recently, scientists have developed a more profound understanding of the mechanisms employed by these bacteria to facilitate plant growth. Here, it is argued that the ability of plant growth-promoting bacteria that produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase to lower plant ethylene levels, often a result of various stresses, is a key component in the efficacious functioning of these bacteria. The optimal functioning of these bacteria includes the synergistic interaction between ACC deaminase and both plant and bacterial auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These bacteria not only directly promote plant growth, they also protect plants against flooding, drought, salt, flower wilting, metals, organic contaminants, and both bacterial and fungal pathogens. While a considerable amount of both basic and applied work remains to be done before ACC deaminase-producing plant growth-promoting bacteria become a mainstay of plant agriculture, the evidence indicates that with the expected shift from chemicals to soil bacteria, the world is on the verge of a major paradigm shift in plant agriculture. 相似文献
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《Basic and Applied Ecology》2014,15(8):685-692
Studies on the effects of plant diversity on insect herbivory have produced conflicting results. Plant diversity has been reported to cause positive and negative responses of herbivores. Explanations for these conflicting responses include not only various population-level processes but also changes in plant quality that lead to changes in herbivore performance. In a tree diversity experiment, we investigated the effects of tree diversity on insect herbivory on oak in general and whether the effects of tree diversity on herbivore damage are reflected by the performance (leaf consumption, growth) of the generalist herbivore Lymantria dispar. Our study showed that the feeding damage caused by naturally occurring herbivores on oak trees decreased with increasing diversity of tree stands. The performance of L. dispar on oak leaves was not affected by tree diversity, neither in field nor laboratory experiments. Our results can be explained by the various processes behind the hypothesis of associational resistance. 相似文献