出血性卒中后抑郁患者认知功能与生活质量的研究

目的:探讨不同时期出血性脑卒中后抑郁(Post-Stroke Depression,PSD)患者认知功能和生活质量的特征。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究,对57例PSD患者和91例非PSD(None PSD,NPSD)患者在基线期、6周和12周后分别进行临床神经功能缺损程度评分量表(China Stroke Scale,CSS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,Mo CA)和Barthel指数(Barthel Index,BI)的评估。结果:基线期PSD和NPSD患者Mo CA总分[分别为(11.6±2.9)分、(11.2±3.1)分]和BI总分[分别为(45.6±8.3)分、(46.2±7.2)分],差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗6周和12周后PSD组Mo CA总分[分别为(13.4±2.3)分、(18.2±3.2)分]和BI总分[分别为(63.8±6.5)分、(77.2±4.1)分]均低于NPSD组[分别为(15.8±2.8)分、(22.6±2.4)分;(72.2±7.5)分、(85.8±5.6)分],差异有统计学意义(P0.000)。结论:在卒中的康复后期,PSD患者较NPSD患者认知功能障碍损害更严重,生活质量更差。推测认知功能是PSD患者长期预后的独立预测因素,可为PSD患者康复策略的制定提供帮助。     

终末期肾脏病患者睡眠质量的影响因素及其与生活质量、焦虑抑郁的关系研究

目的:探讨终末期肾脏病(ESRD)患者睡眠质量的影响因素及其与生活质量、焦虑抑郁的关系.方法:选取2018年3月～2019年12月期间我院收治的ESRD患者198例为研究对象.患者睡眠质量采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(PSQI)评价.采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)与抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估患者焦虑、抑郁状态.采用肾病生活质量评...     

间质性肺疾病患者生活质量与肺功能和焦虑抑郁情绪的关系及其影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨间质性肺疾病（ILD）患者生活质量与肺功能和焦虑抑郁情绪的关系及其影响因素。方法：选取2019年3月至2020年10月期间我院收治的100例ILD患者。比较ILD患者与一般人群的圣乔治呼吸问卷（SGRQ）评分、肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、肺总量（TLC）及一氧化碳弥散量（DLCo）];观察患者的医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）评分（该评分包括焦虑和抑郁评分两部分）;分析ILD患者的SGRQ评分与肺功能指标,焦虑、抑郁评分的相关性;单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析ILD患者生活质量的影响因素。结果：ILD患者的SGRQ各维度评分及总分均高于一般人群,FVC、FEV₁、TLC及DLCo均低于一般人群（P<0.05）;ILD患者焦虑评分和抑郁评分均较高;ILD患者SGRQ各维度评分均与FVC、FEV1、TLC和DLCo呈负相关（P<0.05）,均与焦虑评分和抑郁评分呈正相关（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、是否吸烟、不同收入情况的ILD患者生活质量有差异（P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示DLCo、FVC、焦虑和抑郁情绪是ILD患者生活质量的影响因素（P<0.05）,其中焦虑情绪对其生活质量的影响最为显著。结论：ILD患者的生活质量与肺功能和焦虑抑郁情绪有关,提示临床工作中可通过干预ILD患者肺功能和焦虑抑郁情绪以改善其生活质量。     

综合性心理干预对冠心病介入治疗患者抑郁焦虑及生活质量的影响

目的:探究综合性心理干预对冠心病介入治疗患者焦虑、抑郁及生活质量的影响。方法:选择2014年6月~2015年6月期间我院收治冠心病性介入治疗患者3280例为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为观察组(1648例)和对照组(1632例),观察组患者给予常规治疗、抗抑郁治疗及综合心理干预,对照组给予常规治疗、抗抑郁治疗;采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价患者治疗前后焦虑、抑郁状态,生活质量评价量表QLQ-C30量表评价患者治疗前后生活质量的变化情况。结果:两组患者在入院时SAS和SDS得分不存在差异(P0.05);干预1月后两组组患者的SAS和SDS得分均出现显著降低(P0.05),且观察组患者的SAS和SDS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05);干预前两组患者生存质量各维度的评分均不存在显著差异(P0.05);干预1个月后两组患者躯体功能、角色功能、社会功能、情绪功能及总体症状较干预前均出现明显改善(P0.05),且干预后观察组患者躯体功能、角色功能、社会功能、情绪功能及总体症状均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:冠心病介入治疗患者进行综合性心理干预能够改善患者心理状态,降低患者焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高生活质量,对临床冠心病的治疗有重要的意义。     

肺癌患者生活质量调查及化疗期间发生抑郁的影响因素分析

目的:探讨肺癌患者化疗前后生活质量的变化及化疗期间发生抑郁的影响因素。方法:将2015年1月～2019年12月我院收治的80例肺癌患者纳入研究。所有患者均接受化疗干预,采用健康状况调查简表(SF-36)评分评估患者化疗前后生活质量,以抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估患者抑郁发生情况。对肺癌患者化疗期间发生抑郁的影响因素进行单因素以及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:化疗后患者的各项生活质量评分均低于化疗前(P0.05)。80例肺癌患者化疗期间出现46例抑郁症,抑郁症发生率为57.50%。经单因素分析发现:性别、受教育程度、家庭月收入、疼痛程度、知晓病情均与肺癌患者化疗期间发生抑郁有关(P0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析可得:女性、家庭月收入2500元、Ⅰ度及以上疼痛、知晓病情均是肺癌患者化疗期间发生抑郁的独立危险因素(OR=7.295、1.692、3.952、4.015,P0.05)。结论:化疗会在一定程度上降低肺癌患者的生活质量,同时会增加患者抑郁症发生风险,女性、家庭月收入2500元、Ⅰ度及以上疼痛、知晓病情均是肺癌患者化疗期间发生抑郁的独立危险因素。     

循证护理对有生育要求的宫外孕患者生活质量和预防抑郁的影响

目的:比较偱证护理和常规护理对有生育要求的宫外孕患者生活质量和预防抑郁影响.方法:随机选取接受偱证护理的宫外孕患者64例和接受常规护理的宫外孕患者36例患者,采用Kamofsky评分和Spitzer评分检测患者生活质量的改善程度;采用SAS、SDS、HAMA和HAMD检测患者抑郁程度的改善情况.结果:偱证护理组患者的Kamofsky评分、Spitzer评分总分、Spitzer 评分中的支持和精神分值高于常规护理组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);偱证护理组患者的SAS、SDS、HAMA和HAMD评分均底于常规护理组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:循证护理对改善生活质量,减轻抑郁症状作用优于常规护理.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者焦虑抑郁情况分析及与病情分期、生活质量的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）患者焦虑、抑郁情况,并分析二者与患者病情分期、生活质量的相关性。方法：纳入我院2017年9月～2020年9月收治的NHL患者120例作为NHL组,另选取100例健康志愿者作为对照组,针对两组受试者行焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分。根据病情分期将NHL患者分成Ⅰ期组（n=23）、Ⅱ期组（n=40）、Ⅲ期组（n=39）、Ⅳ期组（n=18）,根据患者抑郁、焦虑发生情况分成负面情绪组（n=49）、无负面情绪组（n=71）。利用简明生活质量量表（SF-36）评估生活质量,经Logistic多元回归模型分析NHL患者负面情绪发生的影响因素。结果：NHL组的SDS、SAS评分高于对照组,且Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期组的SDS、SAS评分高于Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期组,Ⅳ期组高于Ⅲ期组（P＜0.05）。负面情绪组躯体功能、躯体疼痛、躯体角色功能、情绪角色功能、心理健康、精力、总体健康评分低于无负面情绪组（P＜0.05）。Pearson线性分析结果显示,SDS、SAS评分与躯体功能、躯体疼痛、躯体角色功能、情绪角色功能、心理健康、精力、总体健康评分呈负相关（P＜0.05）。Logistic多元回归分析结果提示,病情分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期是NHL患者负面情绪发生的危险因素,受教育年限＞8年、家庭月收入≥5000元是预防负面情绪的保护性因素（P＜0.05）。结论：NHL患者病情分期越高,则焦虑、抑郁越明显,进而降低患者生活质量。     

大学生学习倦怠、自尊与生活满意度的关系研究

目的:探讨大学生学习倦怠、自尊以及生活满意度的关系.方法:采用学习倦怠量表、自尊量表(SES)以及生活满意度量表对446名大学生进行测试.结果:(1)学习倦怠存在性别差异,大学男生在学习倦怠的成就感低方面显著高于大学女生;(2)大三学生在行为不当方面显著低于大四学生;在成就感低方面显著低于大一学生;(3)情绪低落及成就感低对自尊以及生活满意度有显著的预测作用.结论:缓解大学生学习倦怠、提高其自尊水平与生活满意度有利于提高其心理健康.     

工作倦怠与交通警察生活质量的关系

目的:探讨交通警察工作倦怠与生活质量的关系。方法:采用MBI-GS和生活质量问卷调查了某市185名交通警察,运用相关分析和回归分析处理数据。结果:交通警察的情绪衰竭与其生活质量显著负相关(P<0.01);玩世不恭也与生活质量显著负相关(P<0.01);职业效能与生活质量显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论:降低工作倦怠,可以有效提高交通警察的生活质量。     

恶性肿瘤患者营养状况与生活质量的关系

目的:探讨恶性肿瘤患者营养状况与生活质量间的相关关系。方法:应用改良SGAN评估法和SF-36健康调查量表对65例恶性肿瘤患者进行营养状况和生活质量评估,并对其做相关性分析。结果:恶性肿瘤患者的生活质量各维度均明显降低,并随营养状况的下降而降低。结论:恶性肿瘤患者的生活质量明显下降,营养状况与生活质量密切相关,提示提高患者营养状况可以改善生活质量。     

Career and parenting satisfaction among medical students,residents and physician teachers at a Canadian medical school

BACKGROUND: Studies of career and parenting satisfaction have focused separately on medical students, residents and practising physicians. The objective of this study was to compare satisfaction across a spectrum of stages of medical career. METHODS: A survey of incoming medical students, current medical students, residents and physician teachers at the University of Saskatchewan was conducted in the spring of 1997. Response rates were 77% (43/56), 81% (177/218), 65% (134/206) and 39% (215/554) respectively. Factors assessed in the stepwise regression analysis were the effect of sex, parenting and level of training on the likelihood of recommending parenting to medical students or residents, and on parenting dissatisfaction, job dissatisfaction, career dissatisfaction and the importance of flexibility within the college program to accommodate family obligations. RESULTS: More male than female physician teachers had partners (92% v. 81%, p < 0.01) and were parents (94% v. 72%, p < 0.01). Female physician teachers spent equal hours per week at work compared with their male counterparts (mean 52 and 58 hours respectively) and more than double the weekly time on family and household work (36 v. 14 hours, p < 0.01). Physician teachers were the most likely respondents to recommend parenting to residents and their peers. Residents were the most dissatisfied with their parenting time. At all career stages women were less likely than men to recommend parenting, were more dissatisfied with the amount of time spent as parents and were more likely to regard flexibility within the college program as beneficial. There were no sex-related differences in job dissatisfaction and career dissatisfaction. However, married women were more dissatisfied with their jobs than were married men. Job dissatisfaction was greatest among medical students, and career dissatisfaction was greatest among residents. INTERPRETATION: The optimal timing of parenthood appears to be upon completion of medical training. Women were less likely to recommend parenting, less satisfied with the time available for parenting and more likely to value flexibility within the college program to accommodate family needs. These differences did not translate into women experiencing more job or career dissatisfaction.     

ADHD stigma among college students

The current study examined ADHD stigma within a college-enrolled young adult population, including the debate regarding the cause of stigma: label or behavior. In Phase 1, 135 college students rated stigma toward one of the four fictitious partners described as having either: the label of ADHD alone, the behaviors associated with ADHD alone, the label of ADHD and a set of behaviors associated with ADHD, or neither the label nor behaviors. In Phase 2, 48 college students rated stigma toward one of the two assigned fictitious partners described as having either: the label of ADHD and a set of behaviors associated with ADHD, or the label of Depression and a set of behaviors associated with Depression. It was hypothesized that the interaction between the label and the behaviors would cause the highest levels of ADHD stigma and that ADHD would elicit more stigma than Depression. In Phase 1, stigma was associated with the behaviors of ADHD, but not the label. In Phase 2, ADHD and Depression were found to be equally stigmatized. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.     

医学生抗生素及微生态学相关知识认知水平调查

抗生素过度使用是一个全球性问题,我国抗生素过度使用问题较为严重和普遍。而微生态制剂以其安全、有效的优点以及可一定程度上替代抗生素等特点正引起越来越广泛的关注。医学生作为未来的医务工作者,其对上述二者相关知识的认知直接关系到这一问题的解决。本文阐述了作者通过调查问卷得出的当代医学生对抗生素及微生态学知识的认知水平的调查结果,并进行了相关分析。     

Associations between chronotypes, psychopathology, and personality among incoming college students

Chronotye is associated with age, sex, personality, and parental monitoring during childhood. The evening type is associated with poor school performance, sleep problems, anxious/depressive symptoms, tobacco smoking, caffeine consumption, alcohol drinking, and suicidality in adolescents. The present study tested the relationships between chronotype and a wide range of psychopathology and personality traits among 2919 incoming undergraduate students. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire that included demographics, plus the Morningness-Eveningness (M-E) scale, Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS), Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, and Maudesley Personality Inventory. The t-score distribution of the M-E scale was used to form the morning (t-score >60, n = 419), evening (t-score <40, n = 371), and intermediate (40 ≤ t-score ≤ 60, n = 2129) groups. Multivariable regression was employed for data analysis. For males, the evening type scored higher on all subscales of the BSRS than the morning type, except phobic anxiety. For females, the evening type had higher scores than the other two types on all subscales, except in obsession/compulsion and phobic anxiety, where the evening type only scored higher than the intermediate type. The evening type of both sexes also scored higher than the morning type in novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and neurotic personality characteristics, but lower than the morning type in extraversion and social desirability. In reward dependence, the evening type scored lowest for males, but there was no difference for females. The findings of the evening type being associated with possible psychopathology and certain types of personality have public health implications, that is, chronotype needs to be taken into account in the development of mental health prevention programs and assessment of and intervention for mental problems in young adults.     

Self-reported sugar-sweetened beverage intake among college students

Objective: To characterize sugar‐sweetened beverage intake of college students. Research Methods and Procedures: Undergraduates in an urban southern community campus were surveyed anonymously about sugared beverage consumption (soda, fruit drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks, sweet ice tea) in the past month. Results: Two hundred sixty‐five undergraduates responded (66% women, 46% minority, 100% of volunteers solicited). Most students (95%) reported sugared beverage intake in the past month, and 65% reported daily intake. Men were more likely than women to report daily intake (74% vs. 61%, p = 0.035). Soda was the most common sugar‐sweetened beverage. Black undergraduates reported higher sugared beverage intake than whites (p = 0.02), with 91% of blacks reporting sugar‐sweetened fruit drink intake in the past month and 50% reporting daily consumption. Mean estimated caloric intake from combined types of sugar‐sweetened beverages was significantly higher among black students than whites, 796 ± 941 vs. 397 ± 396 kcal/d (p = 0.0003); the primary source of sugar‐sweetened beverage calories among blacks was sugared fruit drinks (556 ± 918 kcal/d). Younger undergraduates reported significantly higher intake than older students (p = 0.025). Discussion: Self‐reported sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption among undergraduates is substantial and likely contributes considerable non‐nutritive calories, which may contribute to weight gain. Black undergraduates may be particularly vulnerable due to higher sugared beverage intake. Obesity prevention interventions targeting reductions in sugar‐sweetened beverages in this population merit consideration.     

Bullying among medical students in a Saudi medical school

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Bullying and sexual harassment of medical students by their teachers appears to be widespread phenomenon. However, nothing is published about its prevalence in conservative countries such as Saudi Arabia. This survey aims to ascertain the extent of these mistreatments among students in a Saudi medical school. FINDINGS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on a group of 542 clinical years' medical students in a Saudi medical school to explore students' perceptions of their educational environment including exposure to different kinds of bullying. Bullying was defined as "a "persistent behaviour against a medical student that is intimidating, degrading, offensive or malicious and undermines the confidence and self- esteem of the recipient". Results revealed that more than one quarter (28.0 %) of the surveyed students reported exposure to some sort of bullying during their clinical . Ninety percent of the reported insults were verbal, 6 % sexual and 4 % physical. Males were more exposed but difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Bullying among Saudi medical students is an existing problem. A policy against bullying and harassment should be adopted in all of medical colleges to monitor this phenomenon and support students who have been bullied.     

Mediators of stereotype threat among black college students

Abstract

We hypothesize that the manner in which stereotype threat affects college-grade achievement is mediated by institutional context as well as individual characteristics. Drawing on a sample of black students from the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen, we find weak and inconsistent evidence that institutional characteristics influence the operation of stereotype threat. We find more consistent evidence to indicate that the effect of stereotype threat is conditioned by individual factors such as skin colour, multiracial origins and an integrated upbringing. Most of the effect on grade achievement occurs through the internalization pathway, in which the internalization of negative stereotypes leads to disinvestment manifested by a reduction in academic effort. The reduction in work effort, in turn, lowers grades. We also find evidence that immigrant origin confers protection from the negative effects of stereotype threat through both internalization and externalization mechanisms, although the ultimate effect of grade achievement is rather small.     

辽宁某高校医学生抗菌药物认知水平调查

目的了解医学生对抗菌药物的认知水平及自主应用抗菌药物状况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取调查对象,进行抗菌药物认知和使用的问卷调查。结果医学生抗菌药物认知较以前有提高,但仍存在误区。结论对抗菌药物应用认知水平的缺乏和不适当应用抗菌药物的现象在低年级医学生中依然存在,加强对抗菌药物应用知识的普及和宣传教育仍是当前之必需。