宿主植物栽培密度对AM真菌生长发育的影响

温室盆栽条件下宿主植物高粱(SorghumvulgarePers.)的栽培密度对丛枝菌根(Arbuscularmycorrhizae,AM)真菌Glomusmosseae(Nicol.&Gerd.)Gerdemann&Trappe生长发育的影响试验结果表明:60株/盆密度处理的根外菌丝量及孢子数均高于其它处理。在一定栽培密度下(20~60株/盆),植株根系可溶性糖浓度与根外菌丝量呈显著负相关,与菌根侵染率呈显著正相关。植株根中磷浓度与根外菌丝量、根外菌丝量与孢子数均呈显著正相关。植株根中磷浓度与菌根侵染率呈显著负相关。结果说明:适当密植虽对植株生长有一定影响,但却促进了真菌的生长,此时菌根共生体有可能由互惠共生开始向偏利共生或弱寄生转化。密植作为一种调控手段,在菌剂生产中能获得较大数量的侵染根段、菌丝及孢子等繁殖体。     

种间竞争梯度对白车轴草与其病原菌白车轴草单孢莠菌相互作用的影响

白车轴草（Trifolium repens)在与其病原菌白车轴草单孢锈菌（Uromyces trifolii-repentis)的长期相互作用中分化形成了抗病型（Resistance)无性系和易感型（Susceptibility)无性系。该研究工作旨在了解：1）在种间竞争不断增强的环境梯度中,抗型无性系和易感型无性系的生长表现有何区别？2）在同样的实验条件下,分别对抗病型无性系和易感型无性系进行接种感染后,两者的生长表现又有何区别？在一严重感病的白车轴草自然种群中,分别标定了17个抗病型无性系和14个易感型无性系,从各元性系的匍匐茎上分别剪取长5cm,具两个叶两个腋芽的小段作实验材料。接种孢子采自同一植物种群植株的病叶。实验在一个处在次生演替阶段的草本植物群落上进行,在该群落的种间竞争梯度上选定3个分别具有弱、中等和强种间竞争的生境（Habitat)建立实验站,每站设置等量的实验和对照组。结果显示：1）随着环境中种间竞争强度的增加,无论接种与否,抗病型和易感型白车轴草的叶生长量均凝减;2）在弱或强种间竞争环境条件下,无论接种与否,易感型无性系的生长均好于抗抗病型无性系;但在中等间竞争强度的环境条件下,对照实验中易感型无性系的生长显著好于抗病型无性系,而接种实验中的结果相反。这一研究结果表明,种间竞争强度可能是影响给定生境中寄主植物抗病型和易感型遗传型比率的重要因子之一,这一影响还将随着病原菌存在而否而发生改变。     

蝶兰胚珠的cDNA文库构建及其特异基因表达的研究

以蝶兰(Phalaenopsis“Mt.Kaala”cv SM9108)为材料,分别提取大孢子母细胞时期胚珠和成熟胚珠的PolyA RNA,反转录成cDNA,构建起两个cDNA文库。克隆筛选采用差异杂交法。从上述两个cDNA文库中,各选择一个筛选出的cDNA,对其在植物体不同器官和不同发育时期的胚珠内的表达进行了分析。结果表明该两个cDNA均为胚珠特异,并且分别在胚珠发育的特定时期表达。推测该两个cDNA的表达受胚珠内部的不同因子调控。     

黄花水龙与水龙形态及结构的比较观察

在国内长期以来都将开黄花和开白花的水龙归并为水龙（ＪｕｓｉａｅａｒｅｐｅｎｓＬ．）一个种。我们将两者从野外引种栽培,对其形态特征进行比较观察,在结构上从宏观到微观进行解剖研究。发现两者之间在形态结构上确有许多相似的特征。但两者花色的不同却是显著而且稳定,花的内部结构和花粉壁纹饰的差异也是很明显的。这些差异已构成它们各自独为一个种的条件,因此,我们认为应将开黄花的水龙恢复为一独立种———黄花水龙（Ｊ．ｓｔｉｐｕｌａｃｅａＯｈｗｉ）     

蒜鳞片休眠进程中胞间联络的变化及类外连丝结构与功能的研究

利用电子显微镜术,对蒜休眠进程中鳞片薄壁细胞间胞间联络的特征进行了实验观察,发现不同时期胞间联络具有随细胞间生理关系密切程度而呈现相应结构变化的特点。并观察到萌芽期鳞片中衰败细胞与存活细胞之间有类外连丝型胞间连丝的存在;以激光共聚焦荧光显微镜结合荧光标记物示踪检测,发现不透膜荧光物质分子量为457Da 的萤黄(Lucifer yellow,LYCH),可以共质体运输方式进入存活细胞内,论证了类外连丝这一胞间连丝特定修饰态的存在,并可在一段时间内继续保持生理活性,起到进行物质共质运输的功能。     

ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF POLLINATION BY SEXUAL DECEPTION IN THE ORCHID CALADENIA TENTACTULATA

Only orchids affect pollination by the deceptive sexual attraction of male insects, a syndrome particularly well developed in Australia. We examined the ecological and genetic consequences of exclusive pollination by sexually attracted male thynnine wasps in the orchid Caladenia tentaculata. Male wasps respond rapidly to flowers artificially presented in 1 × 1 m² experimental patches. Sixty of 287 wasps approached within centimeters of the flower, but did not land. Of the remaining 79% who made floral contact, only 7.5% attempted copulation, the step critical for pollination. Wasps only rarely moved among patches (19% of flights) and none attempted copulation a second time, resembling observations in natural populations. We confirmed outcrossing and long distance pollen flow by monitoring how colored pollen moved in natural populations. Pollen movements approximated a linear rather than a leptokurtic distribution (mean distance: 17 m; maximum: 58 m). Pollinator visits varied independently of flower density in three of four populations with most solitary flowers being visited. Allozyme analysis revealed within-population fixation indices (F) close to zero and low levels of differentiation (FST) among populations. Despite behavioral evidence for long distance pollen flow, significant local genetic structure exists, perhaps reflecting restricted seed dispersal. Long distance pollen flow in C. tentaculata may therefore promote outbreeding by minimizing pollen transfers among related neighbors. Although this species is self-compatible, outcrossed progeny develop significantly faster than selfed progeny. Effective pollination at low flower densities could accentuate this advantage. The data are consistent with the predictions that deceptive pollination will result in long distance pollen flow, which may be of selective advantage at low density. Comparative studies of how food reward, food deceptive, and sexual deceptive pollination systems vary within a phylogenetic framework could further illuminate the evolution of sexual deception.