超临界二氧化碳萃取川黄柏挥发性成分及其GC—MS分析

采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术从川黄柏中萃取分离挥发性成分,得率为4.65%.并用GC-MS联用技术对萃取物进行分析,从中分离鉴定了28个成分.川黄柏挥发性成分主要为油酸、棕榈酸、2,4,6-三甲基辛烷、2-十二烯醛、2,4-二甲基-3-庚醇、2-己内酯,5-(1,1-二甲基乙基)、硬脂酸等.     

超临界二氧化碳法萃取丝状真菌油脂及其成分测定

采用超临界二氧化碳装置萃取被孢霉油脂,研究了萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间和原料粒度对被孢霉油脂得率的影响。通过四因素三水平的正交试验确定了超临界萃取被孢霉油脂的最佳条件：温度40℃、压力20MPa、时间120min、原料粒度20～40目,油脂得率为46．08％（质量分数）。气相色谱检测油脂成分,其中棕榈酸占24．2％、油酸54．2％、亚油酸11．3％、γ-亚麻酸2．8％。     

Extraction of Oils from Wheat Germ with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The separation of oil from wheat germ by extracting with supercritical carbon dioxide (C0₂) is described. The solubility of wheat germ oil in supercritical C0₂ at 200 atm and 40°C was about 0.35 weight%. The effect of pressure on the extraction process with liquid or supercritical C0₂ was of great significance. On the other hand, the effect of temperature on the extraction process was small. Oil extracted with supercritical C0₂ was lighter in color and contained less phosphorus than that extracted with hexane. The contents of α- and β-tocopherol in the oil extracted with supercritical CO₂. were comparable to those in the hexane-extracted oil     

超临界二氧化碳萃取亚麻籽油工艺的可视化分析

对采用超临界二氧化碳技术萃取亚麻籽油进行较为系统的研究.选择萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、分离压力4个主要影响因素,运用多因素多水平可视化设计法(m2VD)安排试验.选择分离釜1中产物的质量为试验指标,用自主提出的多因素多水平试验结果可视化分析方法(m2VA)对多维空间试验数据进行分析.得出最佳工艺范围为萃取压力20～ 30 MPa、萃取温度30～46℃、萃取时间77～90 min、分离压力4.0 ～4.7和5.7～5.9 MPa.根据优化工艺范围,在萃取压力为25 MPa、萃取温度40℃、萃取时间83 min、分离压力4.3 MPa下重新试验得到22.87％的得率,对应于质量为34.3 g.     

超临界CO2萃取薰衣草精油的研究

研究超临界CO2萃取薰衣草精油的工艺,考察萃取压力、温度、时间和CO2流量对薰衣草精油得率的影响,正交设计试验确定工艺条件,各因素对薰衣草精油得率影响程度是萃取时间>压力>CO2温度>流量。薰衣草精油得率为3.26%-4.50%。优化的工艺条件为萃取压力22 MPa、温度45℃、CO2流量20 L/h,萃取时间120 m in。经GC/MS分析结果显示薰衣草精油的主要成分为:顺式氧化芳樟醇2.75%;反式氧化芳樟醇0.75%;桉叶油素0.4%;芳樟醇14.53%;乙酸芳樟脂25.40%;乙酸薰衣草酯7.93%;薰衣草醇2.0%;龙脑1.05%;丁酸己酯1.44%等。     

超临界CO_2萃取韭菜籽油成分的GC-MS分析

以索氏提取法为对照,采用超临界二氧化碳(SC-CO_2)萃取韭菜籽油,气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对韭菜籽油成分进行分析,NIST 02质谱数据库对其进行分析和鉴定.结果表明,SC-CO_2萃取压力为22.25 MPa、温度为40.40℃条件下萃取86.7 min时,萃取得率为17.52%,共分离鉴定出17种物质,其中,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(6.25%)为主,占脂肪酸总量的 9.05%;不饱和脂肪酸主要是亚油酸(69.71%)和油酸(19.53%),占脂肪酸总量的90.50%.采用索氏提取得率为16.50%,共鉴定出10种物质,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(7.22%)为主,占总脂肪酸量的9.84%;不饱和脂肪酸主要是亚油酸(69.34%)和油酸(20.12%),不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的90.16%.另外SC-CO_2萃取韭菜籽油还检出单不饱和脂肪酸7-棕榈烯酸、角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇.     

Fractional Extraction of Rice Bran Oil with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Extraction of oil from rice bran with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-C0₂) at pressures of 150 to 350 kg/cm² G at 40°C was demonstrated. The constituents of the selective fractions obtained at different pressures differed. Fractions obtained at higher pressures contained less free fatty acid and waxes or unsaponifiables. The phosphorus and iron contents were very low in the SC-C0₂ extracted oil, while the color of the oil was significantly lighter than that of hexane-extracted oil. The yield of low acid value oil was comparable to that for hexane extraction. One problem of the SC-C0₂ oil is its poor oxidation stability. This method of extraction may be effective in simplifying the processing of edible rice bran oil. Grinding the raw material was found to be effective in decreasing the C0₂ required and shortening the extraction period.     

明党参根皮超临界萃取部位化学成分研究

采用超临界CO2萃取、柱层析、重结晶等方法,从明党参根皮部位分离得到9个化合物。经理化方法和波谱分析鉴定为二十五烷酸(1)、二十七烷醇(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、豆甾醇(4)、异欧前胡素(5)、欧前胡素(6)、花椒毒酚(7)、珊瑚菜内酯(8)和5-羟基-8-甲氧基补骨脂素(9)。化合物5～7为首次从明党参中分离得到,其余化合物均为首次从该植物根皮中分离得到。     

硅藻金色奥杜藻色素的HPLC分析与超临界CO2萃取研究

以硅藻金色奥杜藻(Odontella aurita)为实验材料,利用高效液相色谱法分析了其色素组成与含量,采取超临界CO2萃取技术研究了从干藻粉内提取岩藻黄素的条件。结果表明,该藻主要含有岩藻黄素、硅甲藻黄素、β-胡萝卜素、硅藻黄素等类胡萝卜素以及叶绿素a和叶绿素c1,其中岩藻黄素为该藻含量最高的类胡萝卜素。色素的萃取率与压强、温度、夹带剂含量以及萃取时间呈正相关,夹带剂含量对萃取率影响最大,CO2流速的影响最小;与有机溶剂法相比,超临界CO2萃取岩藻黄素效率略低,而更利于岩藻黄素的选择性萃取及分离提纯;岩藻黄素的SFE-CO2适宜条件为压强400 bar、温度50℃、CO2流速0.2 L/min、夹带剂比例10%、萃取时间2～3 h。     

生姜的超临界CO2提取分离工艺的研究

本文研究了超临界CO2流体萃取生姜的工艺,探讨了萃取压力、温度扣时问等因素对生姜萃取率的影响,通过正交实验确定了生姜超临界CO2流体萃取最佳工艺：生姜原料切成薄片,含水率15％以下,萃取条件为压力24Mpa、温度40℃、时间2h。     

秋橄榄果实中番茄红素的超临界萃取技术研究

秋橄榄果实中番茄红素含量丰富。利用超临界二氧化碳技术萃取秋橄榄中的番茄红素,对影响萃取的诸因素,如萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、夹带剂等进行研究,并进一步用响应曲面法优化萃取工艺条件。结果表明：丙酮作为夹带剂效果最佳,优化后的最佳萃取工艺条件是萃取压力37MPa,萃取温度52℃,萃取时间3．8h。     

超临界CO2萃取技术应用于花椒油树脂分离工艺的研究

本文研究了超临界迷萃取花椒油树脂的工艺,探讨了萃取压力、温度和时间等因素对花椒萃取率的影响,通过正交实验法确定了花椒超临界迷流体萃取的最佳工艺：花椒原料粒度为60日,萃取条件为压力32Mpa、温度55℃、时间1h。     

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Allium ursinum: Impact of Temperature and Pressure on the Extracts Chemical Profile

The aim of this study was to extract Allium ursinum L. for the first time by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC−CO₂) as green sustainable method. The impact of temperature in the range from 40 to 60 °C and pressure between 150 and 400 bar on the quality of the obtained extracts and efficiency of the extraction was investigated. The highest extraction yield (3.43 %) was achieved by applying the extraction conditions of 400 bar and 60 °C. The analysis of the extracts was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The most dominant sulfur-containing constituent of the extracts was allyl methyl trisulfide with the highest abundance at 350 bar and 50 °C. In addition, the presence of other pharmacologically potent sulfur compounds was recorded including S-methyl methanethiosulfinate, diallyl trisulfide, S-methyl methylthiosulfonate, and dimethyl trisulfide. Multivariate data analysis tool was utilized to investigate distributions of the identified compounds among the extracts obtained under various extraction conditions and yields. It was determined that the SC−CO₂ extraction can by efficiently used for A. ursinum.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取技术在花椒麻味成分分离中的应用研究

要在超临界迷流体萃取花椒过程中,使用乙醇作为夹带剂,将花椒中的麻味成分如山椒素等萃取分离出来,探讨了萃取压力、温度以及夹带荆纯度等因素对萃取效果的影响。得到最佳萃取工艺：夹带剂加入量为5％,纯度为80％,萃取压力为30Mpa。温度为50℃,时间为1h。     

Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide to Polysaccharides in the Supercritical Region

The adsorption isotherms for C0₂ to several polysaccharides were measured in a pressure range between 0 and 29.4 MPa by the gravimetric method. The adsorption of C0₂ to two kinds of starches (potato and corn) and to dextrin increased linearly with increasing pressure to reach a maximum, and then decreased sharply to constant level at higher pressure. These adsorption characteristics are similar to those of proteins reported previously. On the other hand, the adsorption of C0₂ to cellulose showed a high level at the beginning of the increase in pressure, without any significant change in the sub-critical pressure region, and then fell to the minimum before reaching a constant level at higher pressures. These adsorption characteristics of cellulose could be related to its micropore structure. The pressure at which the maximum adsorption occurred (P_max) was located on the P-T line of the C0₂ phase diagram where (dpfdP)_T was a maximum, this result being different from the Menon correlation of P_max = P_c(T/T_c)² proposed for adsorption to macroporous adsorbents.     

Fed-Batch Cultivation of Arthrospira platensis Using Carbon Dioxide from Alcoholic Fermentation and Urea as Carbon and Nitrogen Sources

To reduce CO₂ emissions from alcoholic fermentation, Arthrospira platensis was cultivated in tubular photobioreactor using either urea or nitrate as nitrogen sources at different light intensities (60 μmol m^?2 s^?1?≤?I?≤?240 μmol m^?2 s^?1). The type of carbon source (pure CO₂ or CO₂ from fermentation) did not show any appreciable influence on the main cultivation parameters, whereas substitution of nitrate for urea increased the nitrogen-to-cell conversion factor (Y _X/N ), and the maximum cell concentration (X _m ) and productivity (P _X ) increased with I. As a result, the best performance using gaseous emissions from alcoholic fermentation (X _m ?=?2,960?±?35 g m^?3, P _X ?=?425?±?5.9 g m^?3 day^?1 and Y _X/N ?=?15?±?0.2 g g^?1) was obtained at I?=?120 μmol m^?2 s^?1 using urea as nitrogen source. The results obtained in this work demonstrate that the combined use of effluents rich in urea and carbon dioxide could be exploited in large-scale cyanobacteria cultivations to reduce not only the production costs of these photosynthetic microorganisms but also the environmental impact associated to the release of greenhouse emissions.     

花椒挥发油的超临界CO2萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的比较

采用超临界萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法从花椒中提取花椒挥发油,用GC—MS方法测定各种提取方法得到挥发油的化学成分及相对含量。结果表明,水蒸气提取挥发得率为3．8％（W／W）,主要成分为柠檬烯（22．75％）、沉香醇（21．70％）、罗勒烯（3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯）（14．27％）等。超临界CO2萃取法挥发油得率为5．9％（W／W）,主要成分为柠檬烯（14．01％）、沉香醇（13．18％）、罗勒烯（3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯）（26．23％）等。两种方法所得到的挥发进行比较,水蒸气蒸馏法分离法得到的挥发油中分离出78个峰,其中含量和相似度高的成分有31种,占86．31％。超临界CO2萃取法提取的花椒挥发油中分离出了152个峰,含量和相似度高的成分有36种,占74．72％。两种提取方法所得到的主要挥发油中有27种成分相同。     

Hot-Loop Test for the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Production from Glucose by Lactic Acid Bacteria

A hot-loop test was found to be more rapid, convenient, and reliable for the detection of carbon dioxide production than were conventional methods such as displacement of agar plugs and precipitation in barium hydroxide.     

Study of the Effect of Surfactants on Extraction and Determination of Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Fruits Extracts

Micelle/water mixed solutions of different surface active agents were studied for their effectiveness in the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from various varieties of apples from west Azerbaijan province in Iran. The total content of polyphenolic compound in fruit extracts were determined using ferrous tartrate and Folin–Ciocalteu assays methods and chromatographic methods and compared with theme. High performance liquid chromatography is one of the most common and important methods in biochemical compound identification. The effect of pH, ionic strength, surfactant type, surfactant concentration, extraction time and common organic solvent in the apple polyphenolics extractions was studied using HPLC-DAD. Mixtures of surfactants, water and methanol at various ratios were examined and micellar-water solutions of Brij surfactant showed the highest polyphenol extraction efficiency. Optimum conditions for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from apple occurred at 7 mM Brij35, pH 3. Effect of ionic strength on extraction was determined and 2% (W/V) potassium Chloride was determined to be the optimum salt concentration. The procedure worked well with an ultrasound bath. Total antioxidant capacity also was determined in this study. The method can be safely scaled up for pharmaceutical applications.