Obesity and Functional Impairment: Influence of Comorbidity,Joint Pain,and Mental Health

To examine the relationship between obesity and functional impairment and the influence of comorbidity, joint pain, and mental health on this association, we used US adult respondents (N = 430,912) to the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS‐07). Functional impairment was indicated if a respondent was either (i) limited in any way or in any activities because of physical, mental, or emotional problems, or (ii) had any health problem that required using special equipment such as a cane, wheelchair, special bed, or special telephone. Approximately 62.8% of respondents were overweight or obese and 20.3% were functionally impaired. The unadjusted relationship between obesity and functional impairment revealed a classical J‐shaped pattern with odds ratios (95% confidence interval) compared to the normal weight group: 1.63 (1.54–1.73), 1.22 (1.20–1.25), 1.77 (1.73–1.81), 2.43 (2.36–2.51), and 4.12 (3.97–4.27) for underweight, overweight, obesity class I, II, and III, respectively. Although inclusion of different combinations of sociodemographic and medical covariates substantially attenuated the unadjusted association, the collective inclusion of all covariates in a single model did not eliminate the significant J‐shaped association resulting in the following corresponding adjusted odds ratios: 1.19 (1.13–1.25), 1.01 (0.99–1.04), 1.23 (1.19–1.27), 1.38 (1.32–1.44), and 1.92 (1.82–2.02). The attenuation was mostly influenced by medical comorbidity. In conclusion, functional impairment is associated with obesity, primarily due to medical comorbidity conditions. The significant residual association highlights the importance of sustainable obesity prevention and treatment at both the individual and public level as functional impairment can create burdens at individual, familial, and societal levels.     

普拉提运动对慢性下腰痛患者的疼痛和腰椎功能的影响

为了揭示普拉提运动对慢性下腰痛患者的疼痛和腰椎功能的影响,本研究选择2017年1月至2018年6月在医院确诊并接受治疗的64例慢性下腰痛患者作为研究对象,根据运动疗法分为对照组(悬吊训练法)和观察组(悬吊训练法结合普拉提运动),采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价患者的疼痛程度,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价患者的腰椎功能障碍情况,采用运动情境动机量表(SSIMS)评价患者的运动参与动机。研究显示,治疗后观察组的VAS评分显著低于对照组(p=0.043)。观察组治疗后的ODI总评分显著低于对照组(p=0.026),观察组患者治疗后的疼痛、生活自理、提物、行走和站立5个维度评分显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。SSIMS量表的4个维度中,鉴别原则得分最高,其次为内部动机,然后是外部调节,最后为缺乏动机。本研究结果提示,普拉提运动可显著降低下腰痛患者的疼痛程度,并改善腰椎功能。此外,普拉提运动具有较好的患者认可度和喜爱度,值得在临床和运动康复训练中应用。     

经皮神经电刺激联合布洛芬缓释胶囊对盆腔炎性疾病所致慢性盆腔疼痛患者血清炎症因子和致痛物质水平的影响

摘要 目的：观察经皮神经电刺激（TENS）联合布洛芬缓释胶囊治疗盆腔炎性疾病（PID）所致慢性盆腔疼痛（CPP）的疗效及对血清炎症因子和致痛物质水平的影响。方法：选择2020年6月～2021年6月期间河北省人民医院收治的120例PID所致CPP患者。根据随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,各为60例,对照组患者接受布洛芬缓释胶囊治疗,研究组患者接受TENS联合布洛芬缓释胶囊治疗,对比两组疗效、症状评分、血清炎症因子、致痛物质水平和安全性情况。结果：研究组（91.67%）的临床总有效率高于对照组（75.00%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组疼痛视觉模拟（VAS）评分、症状体征（McCormack）评分均下降,研究组低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平均下降,研究组低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）、P物质（SP）和强啡肽（DYN）水平均下降,研究组低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比,未见差异（P>0.05）。结论：TENS联合布洛芬缓释胶囊治疗PID所致CPP,疗效确切,可促进症状缓解,降低炎症因子和致痛物质水平。     

Fat Metaplasia on Sacroiliac Joint Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Baseline Is Associated with Spinal Radiographic Progression in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between inflammatory and structural lesions in the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) on MRI and spinal progression observed on conventional radiographs in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodsOne hundred and ten patients who fulfilled the ASAS axSpA criteria were enrolled. All underwent SIJ MRI at baseline and lumbar spine radiographs at baseline and after 2 years. Inflammatory and structural lesions on SIJ MRI were scored using the SPondyloArthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) method. Spinal radiographs were scored using the Stoke AS Spinal Score (SASSS). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of spinal progression.ResultsAmong the 110 patients, 25 (23%) showed significant radiographic progression (change of SASSS≥2) over 2 years. There was no change in the SASSS over 2 years according to the type of inflammatory lesion. Patients with fat metaplasia or ankyloses on baseline MRI showed a significantly higher SASSS at 2 years than those without (p<0.001). According to univariate logistic regression analysis, age at diagnosis, HLA-B27 positivity, the presence of fat metaplasia, erosion, and ankyloses on SIJ MRI, increased baseline CRP levels, and the presence of syndesmophytes at baseline were associated with spinal progression over 2 years. Multivariate analysis identified syndesmophytes and severe fat metaplasia on baseline SIJ MRI as predictive of spinal radiographic progression (OR, 14.74 and 5.66, respectively).ConclusionInflammatory lesions in the SIJs on baseline MRI were not associated with spinal radiographic progression. However, fat metaplasia at baseline was significantly associated with spinal progression after 2 years.     

肌内效贴联合经皮神经电刺激对脑卒中后偏瘫肩痛患者肩关节疼痛、肩关节功能和血液流变学的影响

摘要 目的：探讨肌内效贴联合经皮神经电刺激（TENS）对脑卒中后偏瘫肩痛患者肩关节疼痛、肩关节功能和血液流变学的影响。方法：选取2019年5月~2022年1月期间江苏省人民医院收治的脑卒中后偏瘫肩痛患者100例,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组（n=50）和研究组（n=50）,在常规康复训练的基础上,对照组接受肌内效贴干预,研究组接受肌内效贴联合TENS干预。对比两组视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、上肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表（FMA）、改良Barthel指数（MBI）、Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分量表（CMS）评分、血液流变学指标、肩关节功能变化情况。结果：研究组干预后VAS评分低于同期对照组（P<0.05）。研究组干预后FMA、MBI、CMS评分高于同期对照组（P<0.05）。研究组干预后血浆黏度、纤维蛋白原、全血黏度、红细胞压积均低于同期对照组（P<0.05）。研究组干预后患侧肩关节的外旋、前屈、外展的主动/被动活动度（AROM/PROM）均大于对照组同期（P<0.05）。结论：肌内效贴联合TENS应用于脑卒中后偏瘫肩痛患者,可有效改善肩关节疼痛、肩关节功能和血液流变学。     

Clinical Outcomes and Cost Effectiveness of Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol in a Chest Pain Center Compared with Routine Care of Patients with Chest Pain

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare in patients presenting with acute chest pain the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of an accelerated diagnostic protocol utilizing contemporary technology in a chest pain unit versus routine care in an internal medicine department.

Methods and Results

Hospital and 90-day course were prospectively studied in 585 consecutive low-moderate risk acute chest pain patients, of whom 304 were investigated in a designated chest pain center using a pre-specified accelerated diagnostic protocol, while 281 underwent routine care in an internal medicine ward. Hospitalization was longer in the routine care compared with the accelerated diagnostic protocol group (p<0.001). During hospitalization, 298 accelerated diagnostic protocol patients (98%) vs. 57 (20%) routine care patients underwent non-invasive testing, (p<0.001). Throughout the 90-day follow-up, diagnostic imaging testing was performed in 125 (44%) and 26 (9%) patients in the routine care and accelerated diagnostic protocol patients, respectively (p<0.001). Ultimately, most patients in both groups had non-invasive imaging testing. Accelerated diagnostic protocol patients compared with those receiving routine care was associated with a lower incidence of readmissions for chest pain [8 (3%) vs. 24 (9%), p<0.01], and acute coronary syndromes [1 (0.3%) vs. 9 (3.2%), p<0.01], during the follow-up period. The accelerated diagnostic protocol remained a predictor of lower acute coronary syndromes and readmissions after propensity score analysis [OR = 0.28 (CI 95% 0.14–0.59)]. Cost per patient was similar in both groups [($2510 vs. $2703 for the accelerated diagnostic protocol and routine care group, respectively, (p = 0.9)].

Conclusion

An accelerated diagnostic protocol is clinically superior and as cost effective as routine in acute chest pain patients, and may save time and resources.     

骶髂关节复合体损伤的诊疗进展

骶髂关节复合体是骨盆后环的主要组成部分,包括双侧髂骨,骶骨,骶髂关节及髂前后韧带等组织,将躯干的力传向下肢.在骨盆后环的稳定上有着重要的作用.随着现代科技的发展,高能量暴力的损伤越来越多,其带来多发伤中骨盆骨折的发生率很高,而不稳定的骨盆骨折多由于骨盆后环骶髂关节复合体的损伤引起.因此,在治疗不稳定骨盆骨折时,必须强调治疗骶髂关节复合体损伤的重要性.本文就骶髂关节复合体的诊疗进展进行综述.     

Health Outcomes in US Children with Abdominal Pain at Major Emergency Departments Associated with Race and Socioeconomic Status

Objective

Over 9.6 million ED visits occur annually for abdominal pain in the US, but little is known about the medical outcomes of these patients based on demographics. We aimed to identify disparities in outcomes among children presenting to the ED with abdominal pain linked to race and SES.

Methods

Data from 4.2 million pediatric encounters of abdominal pain were analyzed from 43 tertiary US children’s hospitals, including 2.0 million encounters in the emergency department during 2004-2011. Abdominal pain was categorized as functional or organic abdominal pain. Appendicitis (with and without perforation) was used as a surrogate for abdominal pain requiring emergent care. Multivariate analysis estimated likelihood of hospitalizations, radiologic imaging, ICU admissions, appendicitis, appendicitis with perforation, and time to surgery and hospital discharge.

Results

Black and low income children had increased odds of perforated appendicitis (aOR, 1.42, 95% CI, 1.32- 1.53; aOR, 1.20, 95% CI 1.14 – 1.25). Blacks had increased odds of an ICU admission (aOR, 1.92, 95% CI 1.53 - 2.42) and longer lengths of stay (aHR, 0.91, 95% CI 0.86 – 0.96) than Whites. Minorities and low income also had lower rates of imaging for their appendicitis, including CT scans. The combined effect of race and income on perforated appendicitis, hospitalization, and time to surgery was greater than either separately.

Conclusions

Based on race and SES, disparity of health outcomes exists in the acute ED setting among children presenting with abdominal pain, with differences in appendicitis with perforation, length of stay, and time until surgery.     

Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain

Pelvic pain is a common condition that is associated with dysmenorrhea and endometriosis. In some women the severe episodes of cyclic pain change and the resultant pain becomes continuous and this condition becomes known as Chronic Pelvic Pain. This state can be present even after the appropriate medical or surgical therapy has been instituted. It can be associated with pain and tenderness in the muscles of the abdomen wall and intra-pelvic muscles leading to severe dyspareunia. Additional symptoms of irritable bowel and interstitial cystitis are common. A common sign of the development of this state is the emergence of cutaneous allodynia which emerges from the so-called viscero-somatic reflex. A simple bedside test for the presence of cutaneous allodynia is presented that does not require excessive time or special equipment. This test builds on previous work associated with changes in sensation related to gall bladder function and the viscera-somatic reflex(1;2).The test is undertaken with the subject s permission after an explanation of how the test will be performed. Allodynia refers to a condition in which a stimulus that is not normally painful is interpreted by the subject as painful. In this instance the light touch associated with a cotton-tipped applicator would not be expected to be painful. A positive test is however noted by the woman as suddenly painful or suddenly sharp. The patterns of this sensation are usually in a discrete pattern of a dermatome of the nerves that innervate the pelvis.The underlying pathology is now interpreted as evidence of neuroplasticity as a consequence of severe and repeating pain with changes in the functions of the dorsal horns of the spinal cord that results in altered function of visceral tissues and resultant somatic symptoms(3).The importance of recognizing the condition lies in an awareness that this process may present coincidentally with the initiating condition or after it has been treated. It also permits the clinician to evaluate the situation from the perspective that alternative explanations for the pain may be present that may not require additional surgery.Open in a separate windowClick here to view.^{(40M, flv)}     

男性不育患者解脲支原体感染状况及其对精液参数的影响

目的:观察男性不育患者解脲支原体UU感染状况及其对精液参数的影响,分析治疗前后精液参数的变化.方法:用培养法检测4300例男性不育患者精液UU感染情况并行精液常规检测,与正常对照组进行比较.对UU感染患者根据药敏结果进行治疗,并观察治疗前后精液参数的变化.结果:男性不育患者UU的感染率为39.3％,对照组为12.8％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).男性不育UU阳性患者精子浓度、前向运动PR、正常形态率与同组阴性者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),与对照组阴性者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),与对照组阳性者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经治疗后患者精子浓度、前向运动、正常形态率有明显改善.结论:解脲支原体感染是引起男性不育的主要原因,对精子浓度、前向运动、正常形态率有一定的影响,经过合理治疗后精液质量可以改善.     

血小板参数、hs-CRP与免疫球蛋白联合检测对肝炎患者的临床意义

目的:探讨和研究血小板参数、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与免疫球蛋白联合检测对肝炎患者的临床意义,为临床中肝炎患者的诊治提供参考。方法:收集各种病毒性肝炎患者共156例(急性肝炎组48例、慢性肝炎组56例、重型肝炎组24例和肝硬化组28例),选择40例健康体检者作为对照组,对5组研究对象的血小板参数((血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPC)、血小板压积(PCT)和血小板分布宽度(PDW))、血清超敏C反应蛋白和免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG和IgM)水平进行检测和测定,并对这些指标的变化进行对比分析。结果:除重型肝炎组与肝硬化组的血小板计数(PLT),慢性肝炎组与重型肝炎组的PCT,急性肝炎组、肝硬化组与对照组3组间的PDW的差异无统计学意义外,任意两组之间的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);各组肝炎患者的hs-CRP均比健康对照组显著升高(P0.01),且免疫球蛋白也较对照组差异有统计学意义。结论:肝炎患者的血小板参数、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与免疫球蛋白水平可以提示肝炎病情的变化,三者的联合检测为指导肝炎患者的判断、治疗方案的选择和疗效评定提供有一定的参考依据。     

盆底重建术对盆腔器官脱垂患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨盆底重建术对盆腔器官脱垂患者生活质量的影响。方法:选取2010年12月到2012年10月期间我院妇科46例盆腔器官脱垂患者,随机平均分为观察组与对照组,观察组予全盆底重建术治疗,对照组予传统阴式手术治疗,手术前后应用盆底功能障碍问卷PFDI-7及PFDI-20、性生活质量问卷POSQ对两组患者的生活质量进行评估。结果:两组术后PFDI-7及PFDI-20评分显著低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且观察组术后PFDI-7评分及PFDI-20评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与传统阴式手术相比,全盆底重建术术后患者生活质量有很大提高,对性生活影响较小,值得临床推广。     

The Impact of Structural and Functional Parameters in Glaucoma Patients on Patient-Reported Visual Functioning

Background

To evaluate the impact of structural changes of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and visual field loss, on functional impairment assessed by patient-reported visual functioning in glaucoma.

Methods

Patients with glaucomatous optic nerve damage were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was obtained with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Function was assessed by patient-reported visual functioning using the Rasch-calibrated Glaucoma Activity Limitation 9 (GAL-9) questionnaire and standard automated perimetry. The impact of peripapillary RNFL loss on functional impairment was analyzed with correlation and linear regression analyses.

Results

A total of 176 eyes from 88 glaucoma patients were included. The SD-OCT assessed temporal-superior and temporal-inferior RNFL sector of the worse eye revealed significant correlation with the GAL-9 scores (r=-0.298, p=0.011 and r=-0.251, p=0.033, respectively). In mutivariate regression analysis, the best predictors for patient-reported visual functioning were visual acuity of the better eye and mean defect of the worse eye (R²=0.334), while structural parameters could not enhance the prediction of GAL-9 scores.

Conclusions

Self-reported visual functioning of patients with glaucoma is better predicted by visual performance data than structural parameters. However, some structural changes of the worse eye are significantly correlated with patient-reported visual functioning.     

血小板参数、hs—CRP与免疫球蛋白联合检测对肝炎患者的临床意义

目的：探讨和研究血小板参数、超敏C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）与免疫球蛋白联合检测对肝炎患者的临床意义,为临床中肝炎患者的诊治提供参考。方法：收集各种病毒性肝炎患者共156 例（急性肝炎组48 例、慢性肝炎组56 例、重型肝炎组24 例和肝硬化组28 例）,选择40 例健康体检者作为对照组,对5 组研究对象的血小板参数（（血小板计数（PLT）、平均血小板体积（MPC）、血小板压积（PCT）和血小板分布宽度（PDW））、血清超敏C 反应蛋白和免疫球蛋白（IgA、IgG 和IgM）水平进行检测和测定,并对这些指标的变化进行对比分析。结果：除重型肝炎组与肝硬化组的血小板计数（PLT）,慢性肝炎组与重型肝炎组的PCT,急性肝炎组、肝硬化组与对照组3 组间的PDW 的差异无统计学意义外,任意两组之间的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;各组肝炎患者的hs-CRP 均比健康对照组显著升高（P〈0.01）,且免疫球蛋白也较对照组差异有统计学意义。结论：肝炎患者的血小板参数、超敏C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）与免疫球蛋白水平可以提示肝炎病情的变化,三者的联合检测为指导肝炎患者的判断、治疗方案的选择和疗效评定提供有一定的参考依据。     

An Exploratory Study into Objective and Reported Characteristics of Neuropathic Pain in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) affects 5.7–26.6% women worldwide. 55% have no obvious pathology and 40% have associated endometriosis. Neuropathic pain (NeP) is pain arising as a consequence of a lesion/disease affecting the somatosensory system. The prevalence of NeP in women with CPP is not known. The diagnosis of NeP is challenging because there is no gold-standard assessment. Questionnaires have been used in the clinical setting to diagnose NeP in other chronic pain conditions and quantitative sensory testing (QST) has been used in a research setting to identify abnormal sensory function. We aimed to determine if women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) have a neuropathic pain (NeP) component to their painful symptoms and how this is best assessed. We performed an exploratory prospective cohort study of 72 pre-menopausal women with a diagnosis of CPP. They underwent a clinician completed questionnaire (DN4) and completed the S-LANSS and PainDETECT^™ questionnaires. Additionally QST testing was performed by a clinician. They also completed a patient acceptability questionnaire. Clinical features of NeP were identified by both questionnaires and QST. Of the women who were NeP positive, 56%, 35% and 26% were identified by the S-LANSS, DN4 and PainDETECT^™ respectively. When NeP was identified by questionnaire, the associated laparoscopy findings were similar irrespective of which questionnaire was used. No subject had entirely unchanged QST parameters. There were distinct loss and gain subgroups, as well as mixed alteration in function, but this was not necessarily clinically significant in all patients. 80% of patients were confident that questionnaires could diagnose NeP, and 90% found them easy to complete. Early identification of NeP in women with CPP with a simple questionnaire could facilitate targeted therapy with neuromodulators, which are cheap, readily available, and have good safety profiles. This approach could prevent unnecessary or fertility-compromising surgery and prolonged treatment with hormones.     

Mental Health Outcomes of Psychosocial Intervention Among Traditional Health Practitioner Depressed Patients in Kenya

Task-shifting in mental health such as engaging Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) in appropriate management of mental disorders is crucial in reducing global mental health challenges. This study aims to determine the outcomes of using evidence-based mental health Global Action Programme Intervention guide (mhGAP-IG) to provide psychosocial interventions among depressed patients seeking care from THPs. THPs were trained to deliver psychosocial interventions to their patients screening positive for mild to severe depression on Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Assessments were conducted at 0, 6 and 12 weeks and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) performed to determine the change in depression scores over the three time period. BDI mean score was 26.52 before intervention and reduced significantly at 6 (13%) and 12 (35%) weeks after intervention. 58 and 78% of patients showed reduction in symptoms of depression at 6 and 12 weeks. It is therefore crucial to engage THPs in the care of patients with depression and the need for inclusion of training packages; and other mental disorders in order to establish and maintain collaboration between THPs and conventional health workers and promote evidence-based care among marginalized populations. Moreover, further research on randomized control trials of mhGAP-IG intervention versus usual care is required.