乙烯诱导水仙成花相关代谢物和基因的筛选与分析

为了解乙烯诱导水仙(Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis)成花的生理和分子机制,利用代谢组和转录组测序技术,筛选乙烯诱导水仙成花的差异表达代谢物和基因。结果表明,乙烯处理的侧芽检测到12个差异表达代谢物(DEM),包括7个上调,5个下调,其中,(±)7-表茉莉酸、多巴胺、亚精胺可能与乙烯诱导水仙成花正相关,而吲哚及其衍生物呈负相关。转录组共获得1 021个差异表达基因(DEG),包括615个上调,406个下调,在DEG中鉴定筛选了45个与乙烯信号传导和开花相关的差异表达基因。乙烯诱导水仙成花启动可能先激活水仙鳞茎内源植物激素(尤其乙烯)信号通路的变化,与开花促进基因FPF1和MADS15的上调表达密切相关。9个基因的qRT-PCR结果验证了RNA-Seq的正确性。这些差异表达的代谢物和基因在水仙成花启动过程中可能具有重要作用。     

Genome‐wide microarray screening for Bombyx mori genes related to transmitting the determination outcome of whether to produce diapause or nondiapause eggs

The bivoltine silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) exhibits a maternally controlled embryonic diapause. Maternal silkworms decide whether to lay diapause or nondiapause eggs depending on environmental factors such as the temperature and photoperiod during the egg and larval stages, and then induce diapause eggs during the pupal stage. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism that conveys the outcome of whether to produce diapause or nondiapause eggs from the egg or larval stages to the pupal stage. This study used microarray analysis to investigate differentially expressed genes in the larval brains of diapause‐ and nondiapause‐egg producers, to which bivoltine silkworms were destined by thermal or photic stimulation during the egg stage. The cytochrome P450 18a1 and Krüppel homolog 1 genes were upregulated in producers of diapause eggs compared with those of nondiapause eggs under both experimental conditions. Cytochrome P450 18a1 encodes a key enzyme for steroid hormone inactivation and Krüppel homolog 1 is an early juvenile hormone‐inducible gene that mediates the repression of metamorphosis. The upregulation of these genes during the larval stage might be involved in the signaling pathway that transmits information about the diapause program from the egg stage to the pupal stage in the silkworm.     

Global Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Proteins in the Wheat Callus Infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is an extremely complex and evolved process involving genetic determinants of both the bacteria and the host plant cells. However, the mechanism of the determinants remains obscure, especially in some cereal crops such as wheat, which is recalcitrant for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were analyzed in wheat callus cells co-cultured with Agrobacterium by using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS). A set of 4,889 DEGs and 90 DEPs were identified, respectively. Most of them are related to metabolism, chromatin assembly or disassembly and immune defense. After comparative analysis, 24 of the 90 DEPs were detected in RNA-seq and proteomics datasets simultaneously. In addition, real-time RT-PCR experiments were performed to check the differential expression of the 24 genes, and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. According to gene ontology (GO) analysis, we found that a big part of these differentially expressed genes were related to the process of stress or immunity response. Several putative determinants and candidate effectors responsive to Agrobacterium mediated transformation of wheat cells were discussed. We speculate that some of these genes are possibly related to Agrobacterium infection. Our results will help to understand the interaction between Agrobacterium and host cells, and may facilitate developing efficient transformation strategies in cereal crops.     

Transcriptional analysis of gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter 2.5-exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells reveals the different gene expression patterns related to the cardiovascular diseases

Particulate matter (PM) causes several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Previous studies compared the gene expression patterns in airway epithelial cells and keratinocytes exposed to PM. However, analysis of differentially expressed gene (DEGs) in endothelial cells exposed to PM2.5 (diameter less than 2.5 μm) from fossil fuel combustion has been limited. Here, we exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to PM2.5 from combustion of gasoline, performed RNA-seq analysis, and identified DEGs. Exposure to the IC50 concentrations of gasoline engine exhaust PM2.5 (GPM) for 24 h yielded 1081 (up-regulation: 446, down-regulation: 635) DEGs. The most highly up-regulated gene is NGFR followed by ADM2 and NUPR1. The most highly down-regulated gene is TNFSF10 followed by GDF3 and EDN1. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that GPM regulated genes involved in cardiovascular system development, tube development and circulatory system development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome pathway analyses showed that genes related to cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions and cytokine signaling in the immune system were significantly affected by GPM. We confirmed the RNA-seq data of some highly altered genes by qRT-PCR and showed the induction of NGFR, ADM2 and IL-11 at a protein level, indicating that the observed gene expression patterns were reliable. Given the adverse effects of PM2.5 on CVDs, our findings provide new insight into the importance of several DEGs and pathways in GPM-induced CVDs.