缬沙坦对维持性血液透析患者心脏功能和结构的影响

目的:探讨缬沙坦对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者心脏功能和结构的影响。方法:100例MHD患者,随机分为治疗组(50例)与对照组(50例),对照组仅予基础治疗,治疗组加予口服缬沙坦治疗,总疗程为6个月。观察治疗前后超声心动图指标变化。结果:与治疗前及对照组同期比较,治疗组心脏结构指标左房收缩末期内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVDD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左房内径指数(LAI)、左室重量指数(LVMI)及相对室壁厚度(RWT)有所降低,心脏功能指标:左室射血分数(LVEF),左室短轴缩短率(FS),二尖瓣口舒张早期和晚期最大血流速度比(E/A)值有所提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组超声心动图各项指标与治疗前相比变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论:缬沙坦能延缓或逆转左心室肥厚,明显改善左室舒张功能,有助于改善MHD患者心脏重构,改善心脏功能,从而延缓慢性肾功能衰竭尿毒症期患者的左心室重塑,降低心血管疾病的发生率和死亡率。缬沙坦对MHD患者心血管疾病并发症的预防和治疗及提高MHD患者生存率有一定临床指导意义。     

常规血液透析和维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者心脏结构 及功能影响的对比研究

目的：采用超声联合心电图比较常规血液透析和维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者心脏结构及功能影响。方法：选取2014 年2 月至2014 年11 月我院收治的尿毒症患者110 例,将其随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各55例。对照组予常规血液透析,实验组 予维持性血液透析,采用碳酸氢盐透析液,透析液流量500-600 mL/min,每周透析2-3 次,每次透析4h。治疗后,通过超声心动图 测定室间隔厚度、左心室壁厚度、左心室舒张末内径、射血分数,采用心电图Q-T离散度分析Q-T离散度。结果：①治疗后,与对照 组相比较,实验组患者EF、FS 均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),LVDd、LVDs、LVMI、LVH 值均明显升高,差异具有统 计学意义(P＜0.05)。②治疗后,维持性血液透析患者的心电图Q-T 离散度与对照组相比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：维 持性血液透析较常规血液透析能够更有效地改善尿毒症患者的心脏结构及功能。     

Cardiac Function and Outcome in Patients with Cardio-Embolic Stroke

Background

The relationship between whole spectrum of Ejection fraction (EF) and cardioembolic stroke (CES) outcome has not been fully described yet. Notably, it remains unclear whether borderline EF (41∼49%) is related with poor outcome after CES. We sought to evaluate whether lower ejection fraction and borderline EF could predict the outcome in patients with CES.

Method and Results

We evaluated the relationship between EF and functional outcome in 437 consecutive patients with CES. EF was introduced as continuous and categorical (EF≤40%, EF 41∼49%, EF≥50%) variable. Patients with CES and the subgroup with AF were evaluated separately. Poor short-term outcome (modified Rankin Score≥3at discharge or death within 90 days after stroke onset) and long-term mortality were evaluated. A total of 165 patients (37.8%) had poor short-term outcomes. EF tends to be lower in patients with poor short-term outcome (56.8±11.0 vs. 54.8±12.0, p-value 0.086). Overall cumulative death was136 (31.1%) in all CES patients and 106 (31.7%) in the AF subgroup. In a multivariable model adjusted for possible covariates, the hazard ratio for mortality significantly decreased by 3% for every 1% increase in ejection fraction in CES patients and 2% for every 1% increase in the AF subgroup. Reduced EF (EF≤40%) showed higher mortality (HR 2.61), and those with borderline EF (41∼49%) had a tendency of higher mortality (HR 1.65, p-value 0.067)compared with those with normal EF.

Conclusion

We found a strong association between lower EF and CES outcome. Echocardiographic evaluation helps to better determine the prognosis in CES patients, even in subgroup of patients with AF.     

Association of Systemic Collagen Type IV Formation with Survival among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Objective

The 7S domain of collagen type IV (P4NP_7S) assessed in plasma represents systemic collagen type IV formation. The objective of the study was to investigate the association of systemic collagen type IV formation with survival among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Methods

We performed an observational cohort study of 371 hemodialysis patients. Plasma P4NP_7S was analyzed using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting the amino-terminal propeptide of type IV procollagen. Association between categories of plasma P4NP_7S concentrations and survival was initially assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, then in an adjusted Cox model.

Results

For hemodialysis patients in the highest category of systemic collagen type IV formation, i.e. plasma P4NP_7S concentrations more than 775 pg/L, an increased risk for death was observed (highest P4NP_7S category vs all other categories, hazard ratio, 1.934; 95% confidence interval, 1.139 to 3.285). Survival analysis showed an increased risk of death in the highest P4NP_7S category compared to the other categories (Chi square 6.903; P = 0.032). Median survival was only 105 days in the highest P4NP_7S category whereas it was 629 days in the medium category, and 905 days in the lowest category. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression showed increased odds for death with higher age and higher P4NP_7S categories. Systemic collagen type IV formation was associated with plasma concentrations of the collagen IV degradation product C4M (Spearman r = 0.764; P<0.0001) confirming extracellular matrix turnover.

Conclusion

Among hemodialysis patients elevated systemic collagen type IV formation suggesting accelerating systemic fibrosis was associated with increased risk of death.     

Circulating MiR-133a as a Biomarker Predicts Cardiac Hypertrophy in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ribonucleotides regulating gene expression. MicroRNAs are present in the blood in a remarkably stable form and have emerged as potential diagnostic markers in patients with cardiovascular disease. Our study aimed to assess circulating miR-133a levels in MHD patients and the relation of miR-133a to cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods

We profiled miRNAs using RNA isolated from the plasma of participants. The results were validated in 64 MHD patients and 18 healthy controls.

Results

Levels of plasma miR-133a decreased in MHD patients with LVH compared with those in healthy controls. Plasma miR-133a concentrations were negatively correlated with LVMI and IVS. After single hemodialytic treatment, plasma miR-133a levels remained unchanged. Cardiac Troponin I and T were not associated with LVMI and IVS.

Conclusions

Our observations supplied the possibility that circulating miR-133a could be a surrogate biomarker of cardiac hypertrophy in MHD patients.     

Accumulation of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Disrupts Cardiac Progenitor Cell Function and Reduces Survival

Transfer of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) improves cardiac function in heart failure patients. However, CPC function is reduced with age, limiting their regenerative potential. Aging is associated with numerous changes in cells including accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, but it is unknown how this impacts CPC function. Here, we demonstrate that acquisition of mtDNA mutations disrupts mitochondrial function, enhances mitophagy, and reduces the replicative and regenerative capacities of the CPCs. We show that activation of differentiation in CPCs is associated with expansion of the mitochondrial network and increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Interestingly, mutant CPCs are deficient in mitochondrial respiration and rely on glycolysis for energy. In response to differentiation, these cells fail to activate mitochondrial respiration. This inability to meet the increased energy demand leads to activation of cell death. These findings demonstrate the consequences of accumulating mtDNA mutations and the importance of mtDNA integrity in CPC homeostasis and regenerative potential.     

Genetic Polymorphisms in Endothelin-1 as Predictors for Long-Term Survival and the Cardiac Index in Patients Undergoing On-Pump Cardiac Surgery

Genetic variants within the endothelin-1 gene (EDN1) have been associated with several cardiovascular diseases and may act as genetic prognostic markers. Here, we explored the overall relevance of EDN1 polymorphisms for long-term survival in patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery. A prospectively collected cohort of 455 Caucasian patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass was followed up for 5 years. The obtained genotypes and inferred haplotypes were analyzed for their associations with the five-year mortality rate (primary endpoint). The EDN1 T-1370G and K198N genotype distributions did not deviate from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and the major allele frequencies were 83% and 77%, respectively. The cardiovascular risk factors were equally distributed in terms of the different genotypes and haplotypes associated with the two polymorphisms. The five-year mortality rate did not differ among the different EDN1 T-1370G and K198N genotypes and haplotypes. Haplotype analysis revealed that carriers of the G-T (compound EDN1 T-1370G G/K198N T) haplotype had a higher cardiac index than did non-carriers (p = 0.0008); however, this difference did not reach significance after adjusting for multiple testing. The results indicate that common variations in EDN1 do not act as prognostic markers for long-term survival in patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery.     

透析充分性、微炎症、营养状态对血液透析患者生存质量及长期生存率的影响

目的:探讨透析充分性、微炎症、营养状态对血液透析患者生存质量及长期生存率的影响。方法:随机选择我院血液透析中心维持透析每周3次,治疗6月以上的患者89例,观察并评估其入组时、入组后第3、6、12、18、24月的生存质量(KDTA、SF-36)、营养状况(MQSGA、MAMC)、微炎症(hCRP、IL-6)及透析充分性(iPTH、Kt/V、β2-MG),并分析透析充分性、营养状况、微炎症与生存质量、生存率的相关性。结果:89例患者有9例死亡,死亡率为10.1%;iPHT、MQSGA与KDTA、SF-36呈负相关(P0.05),Kt/V与KDTA、SF-36呈正相关(P0.05),β2-MG、胆固醇与KDTA、SF-36无明显相关(P0.05);hCRP、IL-6分别与KDTA、SF-36呈负相关(P0.05);HGS与KDTA呈正相关(P0.05),与SF-36无明显相关(P0.05),ALB、MAMC与KDTA、SF-36呈正相关(P0.05);Kt/V、MQSGA、IL-6、iPTH均与KDAT及SF-36存回归关系(P0.05);Cox回归模型发现Kt/V、ALB及开始透析年龄是导致血透患者死亡的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:透析充分性、微炎症及营养状况均影响透析患者的生存质量及长期生存率;iPTH、Kt/V、MQSGA、IL-6是其生存质量的独立影响因素,Kt/V、ALB及开始透析年龄是血透患者的死亡独立危险因素。     

Low Potassium Dialysate as a Protective Factor of Sudden Cardiac Death in Hemodialysis Patients with Hyperkalemia

AimHyperkalemia increases the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hemodialysis patients. Our objective was to determine the association between administering low potassium dialysate to hyperkalemic hemodialysis patients and SCD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study with patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis from May 1, 2006, through December 31, 2013. The dialysate composition was adjusted over time according to monthly laboratory results. A 1.0 mEq/L potassium dialysate was applied in patients with predialysis hyperkalemia (>5.5 mEq/L) and was included as a time-dependent confounding factor. The clinical characteristics of enrolled patients, the incidence and timing of SCD and risk factors for all-cause mortality and SCD were analyzed.ResultsThere were 312 patients on maintenance hemodialysis during the study period. One hundred and fifty-seven patients had been dialyzed against a 1.0 mEq/L potassium dialysate at least once. The rates of all-cause mortality and SCD were 48.17 and 20.74 per 1000 patient-years, respectively. A 1.12-fold increase in the risk of SCD in the 24-hour period starting with the hemodialysis procedure and a 1.36-fold increase in the 24 hours preceding a weekly cycle were found (p = 0.017). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models showed that age, diabetes mellitus and predialysis hyperkalemia (>5.0 mEq/L) were significant predictors of all-cause mortality and SCD. Exposure to 1.0 mEq/L potassium dialysate, Kt/V, and serum albumin were independent protective factors against all-cause mortality. Only exposure to 1.0 mEq/L potassium dialysate significantly prevented SCD (hazard ratio = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13–0.85).ConclusionsUsing low potassium dialysate in hyperkalemic hemodialysis patients may prevent SCD.     

轻度低氧血症的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的心脏结构及功能的早期变化

目的:评估正常动脉血氧分压和无右心室衰竭迹象的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者心脏结构和功能.方法:25个COPD稳定期的患者(FEV1,1.23±0.52 L/s;PaO2,82±10 mm Hg),26个与研究对象年龄匹配的受试者作为对照组.以超声多普勒超声心动图测定右心室(RV)和左心室(LV)的结构与功能及检肺动脉压(PAP).结果:COPD组与对照组右心室舒张期末直径为19±3mm,23±2mm,(P＜0.01),三尖瓣口舒张期血流速度比值为1.2±0.9,1.5±0.4(P＜0.05);右心室壁舒张末期厚度为4±0.9,3±0.8,(P＜0.05);右心室射血分数56±12,60±11(P＞0.05).COPD组与对照组左心室舒张期直径为48.0±5.5,46.2±3.4(P＞0.05);二尖瓣口舒张期血流速度比值:1.2±0.4,1.5±0.9左心室后壁厚度为10.0±0.8,10.3±0.7(P＞0.05);EF斜率55.5±11.7,54.5±12.1(P＞0.05);左室舒张早期最大充盈速率分数为2.83±0.43,2.81±0.45 (P＞0.05);左心室射血分数53±7,62±14(P＞0.05);COPD组与对照组均不伴有肺动脉高压.结论:心肌肥厚是COPD患者右心室压力超负荷最早迹象,这些心脏的适应性变化不改变左右心室的收缩功能.     

左西孟旦对急性心衰患者心功能及cTnT, hs-CRP, NT-proBNP水平影响

目的:观察左西孟旦对急性心力衰竭患者心功能及cTnT、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平影响。方法:选取在我院就诊的327例急性心力衰竭患者,按照治疗方式不同,分为观察组(常规治疗+左西孟旦)164例和对照组(常规治疗)163例,对比两组用药前及用药后24 h的左心射血分数(LVEF)、每搏输出量(SV)、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和氨基末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平。结果:治疗前,两组LVEF和SV比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组LVEF和SV均显著高于治疗前(P0.05);对照组LVEF显著高于治疗前(P0.05),SV与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组LVEF和SV均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前两组cTnT、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组cTnT、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平均显著低于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗后观察组cTnT、hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:左西孟旦治疗急性心力衰竭可明显增加心肌收缩力,抑制心肌重塑,减轻炎症反应,改善患者预后。     

The Post-Resuscitative Urinalysis Associate the Survival of Patients with Non-Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Objective

To analyze whether urine output and urinalysis results are predictive of survival and neurologic outcomes in patients with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods

Information was obtained from 1,340 patients with non-traumatic OHCA who had achieved a sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Factors that were associated with survival in the post-resuscitative period were evaluated. The association between urine output and fluid challenge in the early resuscitative period was analyzed and compared between the survivors and the non-survivors. The results of the initial urinalysis, including the presence of proteinuria and other findings, were used to evaluate the severity of vascular protein leakage and survival. The association between proteinuria and the neurologic outcomes of the survivors was also analyzed. The clinical features of capillary leakage were examined during the post-resuscitative period.

Results

Of the 1,340 patients, 312 survived. A greater urine output was associated with a higher chance of survival. The initial urine output increased in proportion to the amount of fluid that was administered during early resuscitation in the emergency department for the survivors but not for the non-survivors (p<0.05). In the initial urinalysis, proteinuria was strongly associated with survival, and severe proteinuria indicated significantly poorer neurologic outcomes (p<0.05 for both comparisons). Proteinuria was associated with a risk of developing signs of capillary leakage, including body mass index gain and pitting edema (both p<0.001).

Conclusion

The severity of proteinuria during the early post-resuscitative period was predictive of survival.     

血清脂联素水平对老年维持性血液透析患者心脑血管事件发生风险及预后的影响

目的:探讨老年维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血清脂联素(adiponectin,ADPN)水平与其心脑血管事件发生风险及其预后的关系。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测76例老年MHD患者血清ADPN水平,以5 mg/L为界,以5 mg/L为低ADPN组,≥5 mg/L为高ADPN组。随访观察两组心脑血管事件的发生情况及预后。采用Cox回归分析血清ADPN水平和心脑血管事件对老年MHD患者的预后影响。结果:76例老年MHD患者的血清ADPN水平为(11.10±10.68)mg/L,其中低ADPN组患者有33例,高ADPN组患者有43例。与低ADPN组相比,高ADPN组患者的心脑血管事件发生率明显下降,而生存时间明显延长(P0.05)。Cox回归分析显示低ADPN水平和发生心脑血管事件是老年MHD患者生存时间的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:血清ADPN水平可作为老年MHD患者心脑血管事件的预测指标,并与患者的预后相关,有较好的临床应用价值。     

心理干预对维持性血透患者生活质量及肝肾功能的影响

目的:探讨心理干预对维持性血透患者生活质量及肝肾功能的影响。方法:选择2012年3月到2014年3月在我院进行血液透析患者80例,随机分为常规组和干预组各40例,常规组进行常规干预,干预组在常规干预的基础上给予心理干预;采用全自动生化仪对血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、血清肌酐(Scr)、血β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)及血红蛋白(Hb)水平对进行检测,并对生活质量问卷MOSSF-36(SF-36)量表进行测评。对比两组干预前后生活质量评分和肝肾功能改善情况。结果:干预后干预组生理健康、心理健康及SF-36总分明显高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而对照组无显著性变化(P0.05);干预后两组BUN、Scr、β2-MG水平均有降低,其中干预组降低更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);而两组ALB和Hb水平均有升上,其中干预组上升更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:心理干预能明显提高维持性血透患者的生活质量,有效调节肝肾功能。     

急诊PCI 对心肌梗死患者近期心功能的影响

目的:探讨急诊PCI对心肌梗死患者近期心功能的影响作用.方法:研究组患者40例均采用急诊PCI治疗,对照组患者40例均采用延期PCI治疗.结果:研究组患者心功能分级为1、2级患者明显多于对照组,心功能明显优于对照组,LVEDD明显高于对照组,LVEF明显低于对照组,不良心脏事件发生率明显低于对照组,数据经统计学比较具有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:采用急诊PCI治疗心肌梗死患者具有更好的近期心功能恢复能力,有利于减少不良心脏事件发生,提高预后.     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中的疗效对比

目的：探讨高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能患者中的疗效。方法：选取2007年3月~2010年6月在我院进行维持性血液透析患者52例并随机分为2组：高通量透析（HPD）（n=26）和血液透析滤过（HDF）组（n=26）。两组患者均每周透析2次,每次4h,对两组患者进行1年临床观察。比较两组治疗前、后尿毒症患者血肌酐、β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、血磷、PTH的清除作用及对血脂的影响。结果：两组患者KT/V及透析前后血BUN、Cr的下降率无显著性差异。HDF组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前增高（5．17±15．09）％,HPD组透析1年后132．MG较透析前下降（12．32±3．27）％,P〈0．01。HDF组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前增高（6．59±14．13）％,HPD组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前下降（19．07±5．27）％,P〈0．01。HPD、HDF两组血磷下降率分别为（56．44±14．83）％、（43．94±17．96）％,P〈0．05,HDF组患者透析1年后其血清甘油三酯（TG）水平相比于透析前血清TG水平上升了（22．42±9．52）％,HPD组1年后TG较透析前下降（23．81±9．93）％,P〈0．05。结论：高通量血液透析能有效清除β2-MG、甲状旁腺激素、对血磷的清除效果也优于血液透析滤过,对血脂代谢也有显著改善作用。     

右室间隔部起搏患者起搏QRS 波时限与心功能的关系

目的:探讨右室间隔部起搏患者起搏QRS波时限与心功能的关系。方法:回顾性分析植入右室间隔部起搏的双腔起搏器患者(111例),起搏器平均植入时间(4.52±3.65)年,通过常规体表心电图测得完全起搏时QRS波时限分为四组:A组为QRS≤120ms(21例);B组为120ms180ms(26例),行心脏彩色多普勒检查获取左房内径(LAD)、收缩末期左室内径(LVESD)、舒张末期左室内径(LVEDD)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)及LVEF,同时检测患者的血清氨基末端脑肭肽前体(NT-proBNP),分析起搏QRS波时限与以上各指标的关系。结果:D组患者LAD、LVEDD、LVESD、IVST及IVPWT较其他三组明显增大,同时LVEF显著下降,NT-proBNP明显升高,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时发现随起搏QRS时限的不断增宽,不同组别的LVEF是依次降低(中位值分别为66.5%、60.3%、52.7%和45.8%),而血清NT-proBNP水平是依次增大(中位值分别为143.7 pg/ml、261.8 pg/ml、599.4 pg/m和971.2 pg/ml)。直线相关性分析示起搏QRS波时限与LAD(r=0.141,P<0.05)、LVEDd(r=0.678,P<0.05)、LVEDs(r=0.439,P<0.05)、IVST(r=0.165,P<0.05)及LVPWT(r=0.189,P<0.05)有显著线性关系,呈正相关。起搏QRS波时限与LVEF负相关(r=-0.684,P<0.05),起搏QRS波时限与NT-proBNP的对数正相关(r=0.368,P=0.029)。结论:对于右室间隔部起搏的双腔起搏患者,起搏QRS波时限是一个可初步判断心脏结构和功能的指标,其起搏QRS波时限延长可能会恶化患者的心脏结构及功能,可结合NT-proBNP进行动态观察,对起搏器植入患者的心功能恶化和心衰的预防有一定的临床实用价值。     

Increased Cerebral Water Content in Hemodialysis Patients

Little information is available on the impact of hemodialysis on cerebral water homeostasis and its distribution in chronic kidney disease. We used a neuropsychological test battery, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a novel technique for quantitative measurement of localized water content using 3T MRI to investigate ten hemodialysis patients (HD) on a dialysis-free day and after hemodialysis (2.4±2.2 hours), and a matched healthy control group with the same time interval. Neuropsychological testing revealed mainly attentional and executive cognitive dysfunction in HD. Voxel-based-morphometry showed only marginal alterations in the right inferior medial temporal lobe white matter in HD compared to controls. Marked increases in global brain water content were found in the white matter, specifically in parietal areas, in HD patients compared to controls. Although the global water content in the gray matter did not differ between the two groups, regional increases of brain water content in particular in parieto-temporal gray matter areas were observed in HD patients. No relevant brain hydration changes were revealed before and after hemodialysis. Whereas longer duration of dialysis vintage was associated with increased water content in parieto-temporal-occipital regions, lower intradialytic weight changes were negatively correlated with brain water content in these areas in HD patients. Worse cognitive performance on an attention task correlated with increased hydration in frontal white matter. In conclusion, long-term HD is associated with altered brain tissue water homeostasis mainly in parietal white matter regions, whereas the attentional domain in the cognitive dysfunction profile in HD could be linked to increased frontal white matter water content.