共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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陈章敏;彭波;贺飞;何兴成;王文玲;刘天骄;李雨芯;冉江洪 《四川动物》2024,43(4):373-384
基于四川小寨子沟国家级自然保护区2019—2022年135台红外相机的监测数据,研究了同域有蹄类的日活动模式、季节性活动节律差异及时空生态位重叠。结果显示:保护区共有8种有蹄类动物,中华斑羚Naemorhedus griseus分布最广、相对丰富度最高,岩羊Pseudois nayaur发现位点最少;在主要活动于森林的7种有蹄类中,中华斑羚全天活动,野猪Sus scrofa和小麂Muntiacus reevesi为昼行性,毛冠鹿Elaphodus cephalophus和中华扭角羚Budorcas tibetana偏昼行性和晨昏性,林麝Moschus berezovskii和中华鬣羚Capricornis milneedwardsii偏夜行性。除中华扭角羚外,其他有蹄类冷暖季的日活动节律都有显著差异;时间生态位上,有蹄类活动节律重叠在冷暖季有差异,暖季的活动节律重叠度高于冷季;空间生态位上,野猪和中华斑羚的重叠指数最高,中华扭角羚和其他物种的重叠指数很低,提示大体型、集群的物种可能主要通过空间回避实现共存。研究结果丰富了有蹄类动物的基础信息,为保护区有蹄类的保护和生境管理提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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2014年12月至2016年12月,在浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区的千顷塘区域,利用网格式红外相机法,对华南梅花鹿的分布及活动规律进行研究。结果显示,华南梅花鹿在千顷塘区域的核心区、缓冲区和实验区均有分布。其中华南梅花鹿在1200—1300 m的高海拔区域拍摄率最高(10.32%),其次是700—800 m的区域,而600—700 m的低海拔区域最低;在6种不同植被类型中,落叶阔叶林中拍摄率最高(4.60%),其次是针叶林,而常绿阔叶林最低。华南梅花鹿各月份的日活动差异指数α存在极显著差异(P0.01),冬季的α值的平均数明显高于其他3季,这表明华南梅花鹿在冬季的活动时间分配相对其他季节更不均匀,活动时间较为集中。华南梅花鹿各月份间的昼行性指数β存在极显著差异(P0.01),年度各月份β值的平均值为0.60(13/24),表明华南梅花鹿是一种昼行性动物。利用季节性活动强度指数γ发现,华南梅花鹿四季活动有两个低谷期(10:00—11:00和19:00—20:00),γ值不存在显著差异(P0.05),而日活动高峰期一般有3个(7:00—9:00,12:00—14:00,17:00—19:00)。 相似文献
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《四川动物》2017,(1)
2013年11月起,在浙江凤阳山-百山祖国家级自然保护区核心区布设了27台红外相机,1年后收回。共获得有效独立照片2 580张,其中白鹇Lophura nycthemera 695张、870只次。对其月、日活动规律和不同栖息地的活动差异性分析表明:(1)夏季的月相对多度指数最高,6月和8月各有1个高峰,秋季次高,春、冬季较低;(2)上午和下午各有1个活动高峰,但各个季节出现时段不同。秋、冬季的活动时间比春、夏季缩短近2 h;(3)在西坡活动的频次最多,东坡和南坡次之,北坡最少。在北坡的活动频次与在其他坡向的差异均有统计学意义,其余坡向之间的差异均无统计学意义。在3种类型林分之间的活动频次差异无统计学意义。 相似文献
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2013年4—7月,利用红外相机在四川王朗自然保护区研究了血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)在繁殖初期和育雏期的日活动模式和集群行为。结果表明,血雉具有明显的昼行性活动规律,繁殖初期的活动高峰为6:00—14:00(n=42,P=84.00%),育雏期的活动高峰为6:00—12:00(n=111,P=60.33%),次高峰为12:00—18:00(n=63,P=34.24%)。繁殖初期记录了50群76只血雉,雌雄性比为1∶2.41,集群大小为(1.52±0.68)只/群,以孤雄(n=23,P=46.00%)和混合群(n=29,P=30.00%)为主。育雏期记录了184群321只血雉,雌雄性比为1∶1.81,集群大小为(1.74±1.21)只/群,以孤雄(n=75,P=40.76%)和家庭群(n=51,P=27.72%)为主。在繁殖初期和育雏期,不同集群类型出现的频率差异均极显著(繁殖初期:χ2=17.680,df=3,P〈0.01;育雏期:χ2=79.478,df=4,P〈0.01)。血雉的集群性较强,即使在以家庭生活为主的育雏期也常集群活动。 相似文献
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血雉Ithaginis cruentus是分布在青藏高原东部至喜马拉雅山脉的珍稀濒危雉类物种。本研究使用红外相机调查技术,于2014—2018年在四川王朗国家级自然保护区168个标准公里网格内布设调查位点283个,其中249个有效位点上总有效工作量为26 123相机日,共拍摄到血雉照片与视频合计8 907份(占鸡形目Galliformes总数的71.46%),独立探测922次(占鸡形目总数的70.11%),相对多度指数35.29。基于核密度函数绘制了血雉的日活动节律曲线,结果显示,血雉为严格的日行型动物,所有记录均发生在05∶50—19∶50;日活动曲线整体呈现单峰模式:活动强度在日出后快速增加,在09∶00—11∶00达到最高,之后强度逐渐降低,在18∶00后快速下降。在不同季节,血雉的日活动节律模式存在差异,繁殖期与非繁殖期的日活动节律模式差别较为明显。本研究基于可靠的调查手段和充足的数据量,分析了血雉的日活动模式,表明红外相机技术是动物行为研究的有效工具,为血雉及其他森林雉类行为生态的深入研究提供了基础资料与信息。 相似文献
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野生动物栖息地选择与日活动节律是其长期生存适应的结果,对物种生存繁衍具有重要意义。2017年4月至2019年7月,组在梵净山国家级自然保护区内布设了41台红外相机进行监测和研究。基于红外相机监测数据,利用占域模型(Occupancy model)和核密度估计方法(Kernel density estimation),对食蟹獴(Herpestes urva)的栖息地选择和日活动节律进行了分析探讨。结果表明:(1)食蟹獴在常绿落叶阔叶混交林出现频率最高,在落叶阔叶林和针阔混交林出现频率最低,并集中出现于中低海拔区域;(2)在8种栖息地选择影响因素中,具有重要影响的因子为针阔混交林、海拔、水源地和常绿阔叶落叶混交林4种。其中,食蟹獴明显选择常绿阔叶落叶混交林(β=1.79±1.19 SE),明显排斥针阔混交林(β=-1.93±1.30 SE),海拔高度、离水源地的距离与占用率呈明显负相关;(3)年活动节律显示,食蟹獴在雨季活动明显增多,4-9月的活动频次在全年活动中占比达83.50%;(4)食蟹獴为完全昼行性物种,日活动时间分配较为平均,在9:00-10:00和13:00-14:00活跃度低,日活动高峰出现在11:00-13:00。梵净山地区作为食蟹獴分布区的北端,其典型的山地气候特征和植被类型与其他分布区存在显著差异,并面临不同的捕食风险和不同程度的人为干扰,食蟹獴对栖息地的选择方式和活动节律也出现了适应性的变化。 相似文献
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This study assesses the suitability of camera trapping as a method for detecting the European mink and determining its distribution in a region located in southwestern Europe. Using this technique, 98 river stretches were surveyed, resulting in the detection of 11 species of carnivores. A high photographic rate was obtained for the European mink, and we were able to get a picture of its distribution area in the year 2000. No seasonal differences were found in the efficiency of the method used. Camera trapping is an effective technique that provides quick updates of the distribution of the European mink and may be used in programs monitoring this species. 相似文献
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We studied three species of Lasiocampidae with social, tent-building caterpillars in Northern Bavaria, viz. Eriogaster lanestris, Eriogaster catax, and Malacosoma neustria. We used key life-history data (number of larval instars, sizes and weights of eggs, caterpillars, and moths, size of egg clutches) as well as behavioral data (activity patterns, tent-building behavior, trail following behavior) for a comparative study. Although larvae of all three species are active only in spring, show overlapping habitat requirements, and use the same major host-plant (Prunus spinosa) with only minor differences in phenology, they show markedly different life-history and behavioral strategies.E. catax lays comparatively few but large eggs while E. lanestris lays more but smaller eggs. M. neustria lays the smallest eggs but large clusters. E. lanestris caterpillars build a large tent with an accessible interior while those of E. catax build a small tent that is only used as a resting and molting platform. M. neustria shows a flexible behavior, may abandon the primary tent and build a new one several times. M. neustria colonies also subdivide and reunite regularly while Eriogaster colonies stay together until larvae become solitary. In E. lanestris all tentmates of a colony are highly synchronized while foraging or resting. Instead, in E. catax small subgroups leave the tent for foraging while at every time the majority rests on the tent. M. neustria caterpillars forage more or less individually and only synchronize by night. Results are discussed in relation to other species of the genera Eriogaster and Malacosoma and with regard to the evolution and diversification of caterpillar sociality. 相似文献
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Twenty of the 32 esterase bands previously detected in the adults of D. prosaltans, D. saltans and D.␣austrosaltans were found in larvae and pupae studied in this work. The results showed that, in addition to expressing the highest number of esterase bands, the adult stage of the three species exhibited the highest degree of expression (amount of synthesis) for most of the bands. Differences between larval and pupal stages were detected in the degree of expression (amount of synthesis) of the bands and in the frequency of samples expressing them. The frequencies of expression of the bands corresponding to genes in loci 1–3 were greater in pupae than in larvae while the frequencies of expression of the bands corresponding to genes in loci 4–9 were predominantly expressed in larvae or were equal in both developmental stages. Like the adults, larvae, pupae and empty pupal cases (which were also studied in this work) showed specific esterases. Taken together, the observations showed that, in the species studied, every developmental stage is characterized by specific bands and by specific frequency and degree of expression of the bands shared with other stages. 相似文献
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The concept of non-invasive, remote monitoring of the behaviour of aquatic organisms has been a long-sought research goal. In an effort to overcome the induction of artefacts and the generation of unnatural behaviour, a system of quantification of organism activity was developed based upon the theory of impedance conversion. The system is described in detail, and application was made to assess the respiratory behaviour of three aquatic invertebrates,Daphnia magna, Chironomus sp., andTanytarsus sp. in response to declining oxygen tensions. The system shows broad applicability for quantifying organism behaviour over four orders of magnitude in size range. 相似文献
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Movement patterns of Cetonia beetles (Scarabaeidae) among flowering Viburnum opulus (Caprifoliaceae)
Roger Englund 《Oecologia》1993,94(2):295-302
The movement patterns of flower-visiting Cetonia (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) were studied in central Sweden over 4 years, providing the first quantitative study of beetle pollination behaviour conducted in a temperate zone. The beetles were marked individually and tracked throughout their visits to Viburnum opulus L. (Caprifoliaceae), a partly beetle-pollinated shrub displaying large umbel-like, creamy-white blossoms. Beetle abundance differed greatly between study years. Of marked beetles observed on V. opulus flowers, an average of 26% returned each year. The beetles performed frequent inter-plant flights, and showed fidelity to particular V. opulus individuals at the study site. Furthermore, they preferred V. opulus to other plants flowering concomitantly and showed considerable constancy in this habit. Movements were mostly between individuals from unshaded locations with high inflorescence and flower number. Normally, the beetles flew on average about 4 times the horizontal nearest-neighbour distance between flowering V. opulus (c. 18 m). From these observations it is concluded that Cetonia beetles are powerful long-distance dispersal agents for V. opulus pollen, perhaps leading to an enhanced gene flow not possible with the plant's other pollinators. 相似文献
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在爪蟾和斑马鱼中, Kaiso是一种在整个基因组范围内与甲基化CpG序列特异性结合的转录抑制因子, 在调控被甲基化基因表达的时间模式中起重要的作用。为深入研究DNA甲基化对我国重要养殖鱼类生殖和发育的影响, 我们克隆了鲫Kaiso基因的cDNA序列, 并对其时空表达模式进行了分析。该cDNA全长3145 bp, 5′-非翻译区132 bp, 3′-非翻译区1117 bp, 开放阅读框1896 bp, 编码631个氨基酸。鲫Kaiso蛋白与其他物种Kaiso蛋白的同源性分析表明, 与其他物种一样, 其 N端和C端分别有高保守性的BTB/POZ结构域和锌指结构域。整胚原位杂交结果显示, Kaiso mRNA在早期胚胎发育的各个时期均广泛表达, 信号均一, 但从尾芽期开始出现组织特异性表达差异。对不同发育阶段胚胎的实时定量PCR检测结果表明: 卵子中有高丰度的母源Kaiso mRNA存在; 在卵裂期至囊胚中期胚胎中Kaiso mRNA的丰度逐渐降低; 从囊胚中期至原肠早期都维持在最低水平状态; 原肠后期其表达水平又逐渐升高, 至尾芽期达到与未受精卵中相当的高水平后在器官发生期的整体水平又稍有下降。Kaiso mRNA丰度在胚胎发育早期的这种变化过程提示在卵裂期检测到的mRNA可能都是母源mRNA, 合子核Kaiso基因可能是在囊胚晚期后才开始转录。对成体不同组织的实时定量PCR检测结果表明Kaiso的表达存在明显的组织特异性差异, 在鲫肌肉、视网膜、心脏和脑中表达水平较高, 而在肾、胰、肝等器官中表达水平很低。Kaiso表达的时间和组织特异性提示其作为甲基化基因的转录抑制因子参与了胚胎和成体基因表达时空模式的调控。这些结果为进一步研究Kaiso和DNA甲基化修饰在鲫发育调控和遗传育种中的作用提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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Yunger JA 《Oecologia》2004,139(4):647-654
Predation directly changes the demographics of prey, generally through a numerical decrease. An indirect effect of predators is alteration of movements and spatial patterns of prey. The relationship between these direct and indirect effects can be tested by excluding predators. Home range size of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) decreased and home range overlaps increased in the absence of predators. Home range size and overlaps of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) did not change despite an increase in vole density. P. leucopus had significantly lower interspecific home range overlaps with M. pennsylvanicus than intraspecific overlaps. The changes in P. leucopus spatial behavior may be an indirect effect of predator exclusion resulting from the increase in M. pennsylvanicus densities. 相似文献