野生朱鹮保护研究进展

朱鹳是世界濒危鸟类,国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物,现仅分布于中国陕西省洋县及其邻近地区。我国自1981年重新发现野生朱鹮以来,保护工作取得显著成就,野生种群数量已从7只增长到约600只。综述了25年来我国朱鹮保护工作的主要内容以及近年取得的成绩和研究进展,包括栖息地保护、野生种群监测和再引入等;指出了当前我国朱鹮保护面临的问题和亟待开展的工作;为朱鹮的保护管理提供了科学建议。     

关于朱鹮繁殖习性的调查

朱鹮曾经广泛分布在亚洲东南部地区,北起苏联远东沿海南部,南抵中国的海南岛和台湾岛;西自中国中部,东至日本。但是,近几十年以来数量急剧地减少:在日本,1952年调查为20只,1953年是14只,1980年12月开始把自然界仅存的5只朱鹮全部捕获,进行人工饲养和繁殖;在我国,1930年14个省份有记录,到1958年就只有甘肃、江苏、陕西等省可采到标本,六十年代后几乎消声匿迹,1981年才在陕西洋县重新发现,数量不过数十只;苏联、朝鲜     

朱鹮保护与社区发展共赢之路

2021年是我国开展朱鹮保护工作的第40年,其种群数量已由1981年重新发现时的7只发展到如今的7000余只;野生朱鹮的活动范围由当初的不足5平方公里扩大到目前的近1.5万平方公里,呈现低海拔分布和集群化的良性发展态势;人工种群在中国、日本和韩国三国多地得以建立,分布范围日趋合理,濒危态势得到有效缓解,在国际上树立了拯...     

朱鹮保护与社区发展共赢之路

正2021年是我国开展朱鹮保护工作的第40年,其种群数量已由1981年重新发现时的7只发展到如今的7000余只;野生朱鹮的活动范围由当初的不足5平方公里扩大到目前的近1.5万平方公里,呈现低海拔分布和集群化的良性发展态势;人工种群在中国、日本和韩国三国多地得以建立,分布范围日趋合理,濒危态势得到有效缓解,在国际上树立了拯救濒危物种的成功典范,形成了具有中国特色的"保护区+巡护员+农户"的朱鹮保护模式。     

两岁朱鹮（Nippon nipon）繁殖生态的研究

两岁朱鹮（Ｎｉｐｐｏｎ ｎｉｐｏｎ）繁殖生态的研究ＨＴＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＲＥＰＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＷＯＡＧＥＳＣＲＥＡＳＴＥＤＩＢＩＳ有关朱繁殖生态的研究,李福来、史东仇曾有报道￣［１,２］,１９９１年３月,我们在洋县花园乡瓦坪村,发现一对繁?..     

朱鹮迁地保护研究

朱鹮（Nipponia mppon）是当今世界最濒危的鸟类之一,现存总数不过 40余只。由于生存环境的改变和种群生命力的脆弱,朱鹮数量急剧下降。中国自1986年开始人工繁殖朱鹮,1992年人工孵化并育活3只幼鸟,这是人工繁殖朱鹮成功的首次记录。这篇文章总结了朱鹮的野外生态,实验室研究及人工饲养、繁殖。     

野生朱鹮的种群数量和分布现状

2012年9-10月,我们对野生朱鹮（Nipponia nippon）的分布区和潜在分布区进行了调查,共发现其游荡期夜宿地23个,其中20个有朱鹮夜宿,分布在洋县（16个）、宁陕县（3个）和城固县（1个）。对这些夜宿地进行了的同步调查,共统计到野生朱鹮1 090只,其中97.2%分布在洋县境内。最大的夜宿集群数量为184只,集群数量超过40只的夜宿地共11个,累计停歇的朱鹮占总数的91.7%,表明野生朱鹮在游荡期有趋于集结较大群体夜宿的习性。朱鹮野生种群中当年出生的幼鸟占19.0%,据此估算,截至秋季朱鹮幼鸟的存活率约为67.2%。加强对保护区以外,尤其是野生朱鹮新扩散地区的的保护管理,将促进野生朱鹮种群的扩散,进一步增加这一濒危物种抵御风险的能力。     

甘肃原尾虫一新种

1980年至1981年间,曾在甘肃南部康县及徽县地区进行了原尾目昆虫的采集,先后采集到数百个标本,经鉴定分别隶属于古蚖科Eosentomidae夕蚖科Hesperentomidae和蚖科Acerentomidae,均系甘肃省首次记录,除少数标本采自康县外,绝大多数系采自徽县谈家庄穿洞河坝,本文记述的甘肃阿蚖即采自该地,它属于嘉陵江流域的一个高山区域,多数为阔叶与针叶混交林,地表多腐殖质,附近有小溪流,混生竹林,比较阴暗。     

“东方宝石”重生记

正朱鹮,有"东方宝石"之称。1963年,这种珍稀鸟类在我国甘肃首次被发现。然而在之后的20多年里,人们再未见过其身影。它们因此一度被认为已经灭绝,直到有一天……1981年5月23日,中国科学院动物研究所研究员刘荫增在陕西省洋县姚家沟发现了当时世界上唯一的野生朱鹮种群,数量仅7只。这一重大发现震惊了世界。当月,     

朱鹮保护30年——基于社区的极小种群野生动物保护典范

1981年,世界仅存的7只野生朱鹮种群在我国陕西省洋县被发现。经过30余年卓有成效的保护,这个极小种群已发展到1000只左右,并提供种源在中国、日本和韩国重建了10个饲养种群和4个再引入野生种群,全球种群数量已超过2000只。朱鹮保护创造了极小种群野生动物保护的奇迹,成为国际濒危物种保护的成功典范。30余年来,根据不同时期的朱鹮种群数量和生存状况,结合保护目标的需要,当地保护机构因地制宜地采取了不同的保护措施,逐步探索了一套基于社区的朱鹮保护模式。其核心理念是,使社区居民参与到朱鹮保护当中,并从保护中受益,从而形成朱鹮保护与社区发展的良性循环。本文总结了30余年来陕西洋县在政策导向、居民参与、栖息地改善与损失补偿、社区发展扶持和社区宣教等方面的保护方法和经验,探讨了朱鹮保护今后面临的问题并提出了保护建议。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.