Aspects toxiques du cuivre sur la biomasse et la productivité du phytoplancton de la rivière du Saguenay,Québec

In 1979 and 1980, batch culture experiments were conducted to observe the inhibitory effect of copper ion (concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µg Cu · l^–1) on the standing crops and photosynthesis of phytoplankton of the Saguenay River (for 124 hours) and in Chlorella vulgaris (for 8 days). These algal assays were carried out using the surface water of the Saguenay River. In natural populatoins of phytoplankton, it was found that photosynthesis was more sensitive than growth: at the lowest concentrations, such as 10 µg Cu · 1^–1, copper seemed to increase the chlorophyll concentrations whereas the rates of primary production show a decrease of 60% with respect to the control. At higher concentrations of copper, the effect is weak in chlorophyll concentrations and more pronounced in the rates of primary production (decrease of 86 to 90%). The pennate diatoms are dominant (in all the samples) and these organisms are known as relatively resistant to copper. In Chlorella vulgaris, it was observed that with 100 µg Cu · 1^–1, chlorophyll concentrations and rates of photosynthesis respectively decrease by 63 and 99% with respect to the control. At higher concentrations of copper, a maximum decrease of 70% and 99% respectively for chlorophyll concentrations and rates of primaryproduction are observed.

     

Impact du délai diagnostique sur la survie du cancer du testicule

Objectives

Testicular cancer is the leading cancer of young adults and its incidence is increasing in almost all industrialized countries. The survival rate after testicular cancer is 95%, all stages combined, but a group of patients with poor prognosis still fails to respond to treatment. The time to diagnosis is defined as the time in months between perception of the first symptoms of testicular cancer by the patient and the diagnosis of the disease by the doctor. The objective of this study is to determine whether the time to diagnosis has a prognostic value, particularly whether it is correlated with the stage of the disease and survival.

Material and Methods

The time to diagnosis was studied in 542 patients with a diagnosis of testicular cancer between 1983 and 2002 in the Midi-Pyrenées region. Information concerning the disease and treatments contained in medical files was collected on a summary document. The time to diagnosis was correlated with prognostic parameters, including stage and survival.

Results

The mean time to diagnosis was 3.7±5.1 months and was longer for seminomas (4.9±6.1 months) than for non-seminomatous germ cell tumours (NSGCT) (2.8 ±4.0 months). The time to diagnosis was correlated with the stage of the disease and the 5-year survival on the overall population and in the NSGCT group, but not in the seminoma group.

Conclusions

Early diagnosis has a prognostic value (correlation with stage of the disease and 5-year survival rate). Testicular cancer information campaigns should therefore be envisaged.     

Apports de la palynologie a la connaissance du Pliocène du Roussillon (sud de la France)

The present study illustrates clearly how pollen analysis may be applied to stratigraphy from a botanical point of view. Within a chronologically reliable frame (Middle Pliocene for the marine deposits on the basis of Foraminifera record; two subzones for continental deposits on the basis of Mammals record: Hautimagne for Terrats fauna, Sète for Serrat-d'en-Vacquer fauna), palynology provides a good stratigraphical boundary: the extinction of the Taxodiaceae. In a remblayage area, it is established that a continental level is not necessarily younger than a marine one unless they are superposed. Many profiles are replaced according to the «progradation of the pliocene gulf of Roussillon. The boundary between marine and continental deposits cuts through the chronological line of the Taxodiaceae extinction. The flora investigated (93 taxa) is the first known for the Pliocene of this area. The extinction of the Taxodiaceae in southern France has a climatic cause: the setting in of a mediterranean rhythm (dry summers). This extinction is much older than the one which took place in Italy (Tiberian boundary) and in the Netherlands (Reuverian-Pretiglian boundary).     

Effets du rubidium et du césium sur la croissance et la nutrition minerale des characees

Résumé Le rubidium et le césium introduits à l'état de chlorure dans le milieu de culture ont à faible dose un effet stimulant sur la croissance de Chara fragilis et de Chara vulgaris. La résistance de ces végétaux à l'action toxique des deux ions est accrue par l'addition de potassium au milieu.Les analyses chimiques confirment que le rubidium et le césium sont antagonistes vis-à-vis du potassium et du sodium alors qu'ils ne modifient pas de manière significative le taux de calcium.

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Chara fragilis and Chara vulgaris were cultivated in a natural medium containing rubidium and caesium as chloride.The growth of Characeae was increased after culture in the solutions containing Rb and Cs in small amount. The resistance to the toxic effects of these two ions is enhanced if potassium chloride is added to the medium.Quantitative analyses indicate that Rb and Cs decrease the rate of Na and K but have no significative influence on the rate of Ca.

Université de Dijon, Laboratoire de Nutrition minérale des Végétaux     

Recherches sur la conservation du virus de la densonucléose

Résumé Le virus de la densonucléose (VDN) conserve une partie de sa virulence en solution aqueuse entre 0°C et 30°C pendant deux mois. Son pouvoir infectieux se maintient à—10°C pendant deux mois mais est supprimé après dix jours de dessication. On peut done considérer ceParvovirus d’Insectes comme un virus relativement résistant aux températures que l’on rencontre ordinairement dans la nature et au laboratoire.

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Summary The persistence of DNV is described. This virus retains a part of its infectivity in aqueous solution between 0°C and 30°C. The log LD₅₀ initially 7,15 drops to 2 after two months. The virus keeps its infectivity at 10°C but it loses all its pathogenicity after 10 days in dry conditions.

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Ce travail a été réalisé en partie dans le cadre d’une convention I.N.R.A.-D.R.M.E.     

Performances de la TEP au 18F-FDG dans la caractérisation initiale de la lésion primitive du cancer du sein

Objective¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is for the moment not recommended for stage T of the TNM classification of breast cancer. The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in the initial staging of breast tumors. Tumor size, skin involvement and inflammation as well as the relationship between primary tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and histopathological grade (SBR), molecular tumor subtypes (luminal A and B, Her2 enriched, triple negative), estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and focality were evaluated.MethodsHistological reports of patients operated for breast cancer, without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were compared to preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.ResultsSeventy-four patients who underwent surgery in 2016 were included. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was able to visualize primary tumors in 91% and to correctly classify the T stage of the TNM classification in 81% of the cases, to detect multifocality in 73% and cutaneous and inflammatory breast cancers in 100%. The uptake intensity of ¹⁸F-FDG (SUVmax) was significantly correlated with histo-prognostic factors such as SBR grade (P = 0.02), lack of expression of estrogen receptors (ER) (P = 0.01) and progesterone (PR) (P = 0.02), positive HER2 status (P = 0.01) or triple negative subtype tumors (P = 0.02).Conclusion¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT provides relevant elements for local assessment, in particular, tumor focality and inflammatory character in addition to ensuring the regional and extension assessment.     

Sur la respiration du ciliéTetrahymena Geleii

Résumé Tetrahymena geleii provenant de cultures âgées de 70 heures, étudié à l'état non proliférant en milieu minéral tamponné à pH 7.3, à la température de 22°C., présente une respiration de base correspondant à Q_{O 2} voisin de 14. La consommation d'oxygène de cet organisme est accrue de 54% en présence de butyrate de sodium 0,01 M; elle est également accrue en présence d'acétate de sodium et de butyrate d'éthyle. Elle n'est pratiquement pas modifiée ni par le glucose ni par les acides dicarboxyliques participant au cycle deKrebs. Elle est inhibée de 50% par la pyrocatéchine 0,01 M.     

Contribution à la systématique du genre Pichia

The presence of intracellular osidases, nitrite and nitrate reductases, vitamin requirements and GC content in the DNA, have been investigated for in 18 species of Pichia.According to their typical characters and their biocaracters, a pattern is suggested for the integration of these new species into the formerly existing groups of the genus Pichia. A new way of classifying the species of the genus Pichia is proposed.     

Performances diagnostiques actuelles du coroscanner dans la détection de la maladie coronaire

Recent advances in multislice computed tomography (MSCT), which might represent a minimally invasive alternative to coronary angiography (CA), have allowed the ability to analyze coronary arteries. In this review, we present the current diagnostic performance of MSCT, as compared with the reference standard (CA), for the assessment of native coronary arteries, coronary in-stent restenosis and coronary artery bypass graft.     

Variations du taux d'adsorption du bactériophageϕ80 en rapport avec la résistance à la colicine B

Various mutants ofEscherichia coli selected by colicine B show a wide range of resistance spectra towards colicines B, I and V, phages T₁ andq 80, by mutation in locusbt ₁. Such relations of specificity of resistance seem to result from quantitative variations in the adsorption rate. Indeed, the ability to fix the phage 80, or its derivative the plaque-forming transducing phage 80pt ₁, decreases in correlation with the extent of the spectrum of cross-resistance in the mutants studied. It is never completely abolished even in mutants apparently resistant to this phage, as shown either directly by titration of infective centers or indirectly by the rate of transduction.     

Controle de la multiplication et de la polyploïdie des hepatocytes du rat

Résumé L'injection de substances irritantes de nature chimique variée perturbe les mécanismes qui contrÔlent la multiplication des hépatocytes du rat.Les très jeunes rats réagissent de faÇon intense et reproductible. 15 heures après l'injection il se produit une augmentation brève et intense du nombre des cellules entrant en phase S de sorte que les divisions cellulaires, qui normalement auraient été réparties sur les 30 ou 40 prochaines heures, débutent en l'espace de 2 heures seulement. La croissance hépatique a pris une importante avance qui est suivie par une période de diminution du nombre des mitoses due à une rétroaction inhibitrice.La réaction des rats plus âgés met en évidence un mécanisme inhibiteur permanent qui entraÎne une réponse moins intense et moins régulière.La production d'hépatocytes binucléés et polyploÏdes parait liée à ce mécanisme inhibiteur.La régularité et la sensibilité des réactions des très jeunes rats en fait un matériel de choix pour l'étude des mécanismes régulateurs de la croissance hépatique.

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Control of multiplication and polyploidy of rat hepatocytesA study of the perturbations of physiological regulation induced by injection of irritants

Summary The injection of irritating substances of various chemical nature disturbs the mechanisms regulating the multiplication of rat hepatocytes.The reaction of baby rats is intense and reproducible. It results, 15 hours after the injection, in an increase of the number of cells entering the S phase, so that practically all the divisions which would normally have been scattered over 36 hours are initiated within 2 hours. This burst of synchronized mitosis corresponding to a 36 hours advance in the hepatic growth is followed by a decrease of mitoses due to a feed-back inhibition.The reaction of older rats brings to evidence a permanent inhibitory mechanism that results in a less regular and intensive response.The production of binucleated and polyploÏd hepatocytes seems to be correlated to this inhibitory mechanism.The regularity and sensivity of the baby rat reactions make them a choice material for the study of hepatic growth.

     

Incidences de la restriction calorique et du Nickel sur l’aromatase testiculaire du rat

This study was designed to determine whether intermittent fasting induces malnutrition that, according to many authors, accentuates the cytotoxic effects of environmental pollutants, or caloric restriction that reduces these effects. Ninety six male Wistar rats (180g) were divided into two groups: one group was fed daily (N) and the other group was fed every second day (J) for one month. At the end of one month, each group was then divided into two subgroups, one subgroup received an injection of 0.9% NaCI (groups NO and JO), the other subgroup received an injection of 4 mg/kg NiCI^b2 (groups NNi and JNi). Intermittent fasting was continued in parallel to treatment for 1, 3, 5 and 10 days. Under these experimental conditions, nickel increased testicular aromatase activity and altered total RNA, while no alteration of these biomarkers was observed with intermittent fasting. The combination of these two factors, nickel and intermittent fasting, did not amplify these effects. In contrast, protection of RNA by intermittent fasting was observed, especially overexpression of aromatase mRNA.     

La crise de la psychiatrie contemporaine 1ère Partie: la perte du singulier

Contemporary psychiatry relies on its activity of categorization. It ignores the person’ subjective experience. This vista fits the current specialization of sciences. The authors relate the origins of modern psychiatry to the scientific spirit of the Age of the Enlightment. The activity of abstraction required by science leads to neglect some aspects of reality. This explains the equivocal face of contemporary psychiatry, which lacks a conception of healthy mental life, as well as a conception of pathological life, and moreover theoretical foundations able to guarantee healing perspectives. The main dangers are conformism and normality.     

Localisation ultrastructurale de la glucose-6-phosphatase au niveau du cortex surrénalien du rat

Résumé En appliquant á l'étude ultrastructurale de la corticosurrénale du rat la méthode utilisée par Wachstein et Meisel pour démontrer l'activité de la glucose-6-phosphatase, on obtient une réaction spécifique exclusivement au niveau du réticulum endoplasmique des cellules parenchymateuses. L'activité enzymatique est distribuée de façon homogène dans les 4 zones de la corticosurrénale. L'intensité de la réaction varie d'une cellule á l'autre. Elle atteint son maximum d'activité dans les citernes du réticulum endoplasmique qui entourent les liposomes.

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Ultrastructural localization of glucose-6-phosphatase in the rat adrenal cortex

Summary The authors propose an adaptation to the rat adrenal tissue of the WachsteinMeisel technic for the demonstration of the Glucose-6-Phosphatase activity. The fine precipitate resulting from the enzyme reaction fills more or less, but exclusively the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. The distribution of the enzymatic activity seems to be homogeneous throughout the 4 zones of the rat adrenal cortex. Within the cells those cisternae, which surround the liposomes present the highest activity. From the technical point of view the intensity of the reaction is independent of the depht of the cells in the tissue sections submitted to incubation.

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Ce travail a bénéficié du soutien du Fonds Cancérologique de la Caisse d'Epargne et de Retraite.     

Nouveautés de la flore halophile du Littoral croate

Summary The archipelago opposite Senj (Croatian Coast) is very exposed to the Bora hurricanes accompanied by air dryness, salt spray, and periodic coast icing. Therefore the xerohalophytic flora of this area is very interesting. Four new taxa from there are described:Astragalus glacialis n. spec. subsp.glacialis s. s. and subsp.uraganicus n. subsp.,Allium horvatii n. spec., andPinus nigra Arn. subsp.croatica n. subsp., a stenoendemic relict near extinction on the isle of Prvi.     

Travaux pr��paratoires �� la r��daction du chapitre V de la CIM-11

The 10th version of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) of the World Health Organisation (WHO) is currently in a revision phase. This article recommends a possible method of updating of the group ??Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders,?? which attempts to reconcile the three demands made by the WHO for the new ICD-11: updating of classification practices, ease of use and destigmatisation of the terminology.     

Quelques organismes sporadiques du plancton de la région d'Amsterdam

Sans résuméLaboratoire du Service Medical et Sanitaire de la ville d'Amsterdam.