渤海晚冰期以来环境变化的化石形类证据

对渤海中央盆地Ｂ９２－３孔以及莱州湾Ｂ９２－２孔柱状样进行了介形类属种、丰度和分异度分析,并半Ｂ９２－３孔和Ｂ９２－１孔的介一菜类划分出６个组合带。根据渤、黄海地区不同沉积环境中现代介形类的分布,将剖面中的介形类分成滨岸－河口区的Ｓinocytheridea组合和近岸区的Munseyell组合.     

云南鹤庆盆地晚第四纪介形类新属种

云南鹤庆盆地晚第四纪（１５ ０００－１２ ０００ａＢＰ）ＨＱ钻孔剖面建立介形类２新属６新种,即玻璃介科的Ｃａｎｄｏｎａ ｐａｒｕａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｙｕｎｎａｎｉｃａｎｄｏｎａ ｏｂｌｏｎｇａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｌｉｎｅｏｃｙｐｒｉｓ ｇｒａｎｕｌｏｓａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｌ．ｇｉｂｂａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．以及湖花介科的Ｐａｒａｃｈｉｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅ ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,     

西沙群岛西琛一井中新世地层,古生物群和古环境研究

根据壳状珊瑚藻、海相底栖介形类和有孔虫资料,西琛一井井深３４６．９２－８０２．１７ｍ的地层分别被归为下中新统西沙组下段（井深５５０－８０２．１７ｍ）和上段（４３１－５５０ｍ）,中中新统宣德组（３５３．４０－４３１ｍ）。西沙组下段包括３个介形类组合,自下而上为：①Ａｕｒｉｌａ ｘｉｓｈａｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｔｅｎｅｄｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅ ｘｉｓｈａｅｎｓｉｓ,②Ｔｅｎｅｄｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅ ｘｉｓｈａｅｎｓｉｓ－     

腾格里沙漠晚更新世湖相沉积介形类及其环境意义

腾格里沙漠晚更新世断头梁剖面分析出介形类７属７种,分别为Ｌｉｍｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅｉｎｏｐｉｎａｔａ,Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａｓｔｅｖｅｎｓｏｎｉ,Ｃａｎｄｏｎａｎｅｇｌｅｃｔａ,Ｃｙｐｒｉｄｅｉｓｔｏｒｏｓａ,Ｉｌｙｏｃｙｐｒｉｓｇｉｂｂａ,Ｃｙｃｌｏｃｙｐｒｉｓｓｅｒｅｎａ,？Ｎｅｏｃｙｐｒｉｄｏｐｓｉｓｓｐ．,其中Ｌｉｍｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｅｉｎｏｐｉｎａｔａ和Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａｓｔｅｖｅｎｓｏｎｉ为优势种。根据丰度、分异度及百分含量变化情况,研究剖面划分出四个介形类组合,进一步结合年代数据、沉积物及孢粉资料识别出四个气候期。距今约４２０００－２３０００年间研究区总的气候特征是温暖湿润,间有几次幅度较小的变冷期;介形类显示出淡水至中盐水环境,这一特征持续整个沉积时期,没有出现干旱期。     

晚更新世晚期以来昆仑山垭口区的植被与环境

昆仑山垭口区小南川剖面和雪水河热水剖面的孢粉分析揭示了该区４４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来的植被演替和气候变化。４００００ａＢ．Ｐ．前,推测昆仑山垭口区为典型的灌木荒漠植被,气候极端干燥。４００００－３００００ａＢ．Ｐ．,气候稍有好转。３００００－２４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为草原荒漠,降水增加。２４０００－１８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为末次冰期极盛期,气候干冷。１８０００－１３０００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候凉偏干。１３０００－８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．气候凉干。８０００－６０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为全新世温暖期,但由于植被的滞后现象,本区仍为草原荒漠景观。６０００－５０００ａＢ．Ｐ．,本区可能也存在着中全新世的降温事件。５０００－３０００ａＢ．Ｐ．在全新世大暖期的影响下,小南川附近的植被演变成温性草原植被,并有人类的放牧活动。３０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以后,气候变凉,草原迅速地演变为灌木和小乔木荒漠植被,其中３０００－１０００ａＢ．Ｐ．为凉干时期,１０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以后,可能有过一段凉湿时期。     

若尔盖地区22000年以来的植被与气候

若尔盖ＲＭ孔上部６３７ｃｍ的花粉分析研究表明,在２２０００－１８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．植被以高山草甸和荒漠草原为主,气候较现在寒冷干燥;１８０００－１３０００ａＢ．Ｐ．,主要是高山、亚高山草甸,出现亚高山灌丛,气温趋于升高,但仍干燥;１３０００－１１０００ａＢ．Ｐ．,植被以亚高山禾草草甸为主;亚高山灌丛发展,可能已出现亚高山常绿针叶林,气温进一步上升,到后期已接近现在,湿度有所增加;１１０００－７０００     

重组人骨形态形成蛋白2在家蚕幼虫中表达及产物纯化

将编码人ＢＭＰ２ｃＤＮＡ基因插入昆虫杆状病毒转移载体ｐＢａｃＰＡＫ１,与修饰的家蚕核形多角体病毒Ｂｍ－ＢａｃＰＡＫＤＮＡ共转染家蚕细胞,通过同源重组得到含有在多角体蛋白基因启动子控制下的ＢＭＰ２ｃＤＮＡ基因的重组病毒Ｂｍ－ＢａｃＰＡＫ－ＢＭＰ２。用重组病毒感染家蚕幼虫,第五天ＢＭＰ２表达率最高,每毫升蚕血淋巴中约１０μｇ表达产物;表达产物在在体内被加工成Ｃ－端１６ｋＤ片段,以二硫键连结成分子量为３０ｋＤ的同源二聚体;经纯化获得９０％以上纯度的成熟ＢＭＰ２,与骨基质胶原结合后植入大鼠皮下,７天后在局部诱导生成软骨组织。     

新疆克拉玛依吐孜阿克内沟三工河组孢粉组合

通过对新疆克拉玛依地区吐孜阿克内沟剖面三工河组孢粉组合的研究,共鉴定孢粉２３属３２种,藻类化石２属４种,命名为Ｄｉｓａｃｃｉａｔｒｉｌｅｔｉ－Ｍｏｎｏｃｏｌｐａｔｅｓ－Ｃｙａｔｈｉｄｉｔｅｓ组合（简称ＤＭＣ组合）。描述了５种花粉Ａｂｉｅｔｉｎｅａｅｐｏｌｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ ｄｕｎｒｏｂｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｃｏｕｐｅｒ,Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｉｃｅａ ｍｏｎｓｔｒｕｏｓａ Ｂｏｌｃｈ．,Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｉｄｉｔｅｓ     

TBP的联结因子TAFs的结构与功能

ＴＢＰ的联结因子ＴＡＦｓ的结构与功能潘建伟赵章杏朱睦元（杭州大学生命科学学院,杭州３１００１２）潘伟槐黄承才（绍兴文理学院生化系,绍兴３１２００）ＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＴＢＰ－ａｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄＦａｃｔｏｒｓＴＡＦｓＰＡＮＪ...     

塔里木盆地三叠─侏罗纪介形类化石

描述的介形类化石标本采集于新疆塔里木盆地库车和喀什两地区,其中,齐古组产Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ－Ｔｉｍｉｒｉａｓｅｖｉａ组合,恰克马克组产Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ－Ｂｉｓｕｌｃｏｃｙｐｒｉｓ为代表的介形类化石组合,其时代前者为晚侏罗世,后者为中侏罗世;俄霍布拉克组和克拉玛依组产以Ｂｉｓｕｌｃｏｍｐｒｉｓ－ＴｕｎｇｃｈｕａｎｉａＤａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ为代表的组合,其时代为早－中三叠世。     

南海永署礁泻湖1680年来微型腹足类丰度变化的环境意义

永署礁南永3井记录了近1680年来礁泻湖腹足类遗壳的沉积变化,其中腹足类丰度变化尤为显著,存在三个高丰度区和相间的三个低丰度区,全样单一的粉砂沉积,表明丰度的变化与底质类型无关,而高分异度显示了一部分腹足类遗壳为水动力搬动的结果,腹足类丰度与沉积速率的对比表明,高沉积速率和低沉积速率以及波动的沉积环境不利于腹足类的发展,而适中的沉积速率和稳定的沉积环境将是腹足类发展的有利因素,发现环境的变化大约以400－600年为周期,1459－1680年间为环境动荡期,腹足类为低丰度,1081－1459年间为环境稳定期,腹足类丰度高;559－1081年间为沉积速率急剧变化期,腹足类为低丰度,1－559年间沉积速率非常稳定,腹足类十分发育。     

Different processing of chromogranin B into GAWK-immunoreactive fragments in the bovine adrenal medulla and pituitary gland

Chromogranin B 420-493 (GAWK)-like immunoreactivity (chromogranin B (420-493)-LI) was determined by radioimmunoassay using two different rabbit antisera, one raised against chromogranin B (420-436) (GAWK 1-17) (Ab420-436) and the other against chromogranin B 439-457 (GAWK 20-38) (Ab439-457), in bovine and human tissues. Chromogranin B (420-493)-LI was present in the bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin granules as well as in the anterior pituitary gland and was released from the cultured bovine chromaffin cells by stimulation with high K+ or nicotine. Chromogranin B (420-493)-LI present in the bovine tissues was detected using Ab420-436 but was not detected using Ab439-457. In the human tissues, chromogranin B (420-493)-LI was detected using Ab420-436 as well as Ab439-457. This suggests that the amino acid sequence of this region (chromogranin B 439-457) is different between human and bovine. On the gel permeation chromatography, chromogranin B (420-493)-LI was eluted at the void volume in the bovine adrenal medulla and at an apparent molecular weight of 4000 in the anterior pituitary gland. On the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, multiple peaks of chromogranin B (420-493)-LI was detected in the bovine adrenal medulla while one component of chromogranin B (420-493)-LI was found in the anterior pituitary gland. These results suggest that chromogranin B is processed into small fragments of chromogranin B (420-493)-LIs and that this processing is tissue-specific.     

Meeting Report: GBIF hackathon-workshop on Darwin Core and sample data (22-24 May 2013)

The workshop-hackathon was convened by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) at its secretariat in Copenhagen over 22-24 May 2013 with additional support from several projects (RCN4GSC, EAGER, VertNet, BiSciCol, GGBN, and Micro B3). It assembled a team of experts to address the challenge of adapting the Darwin Core standard for a wide variety of sample data. Topics addressed in the workshop included 1) a review of outstanding issues in the Darwin Core standard, 2) issues relating to publishing of biodiversity data through Darwin Core Archives, 3) use of Darwin Core Archives for publishing sample and monitoring data, 4) the case for modifying the Darwin Core Text Guide specification to support many-to-many relations, and 5) the generalization of the Darwin Core Archive to a “Biodiversity Data Archive”. A wide variety of use cases were assembled and discussed in order to inform further developments.     

Ligand-linked changes at the subunit interfaces in Scapharca hemoglobins probed through the sulfhydryl infrared absorption.

FTIR spectra of native Scapharca homodimeric hemoglobin (HbI) and of the Phe97-->Ile mutant have been measured in the region 2400-2700 cm(-1) where the absorption of the sulfhydryl groups can be observed. In native HbI, the two Cys92 residues give rise to a relatively intense band centered at 2559 cm(-1) that is shifted to 2568 cm(-1) and strongly quenched upon ligand binding. In the Phe97-->Leu mutant, such ligand-linked changes are not observed and the strong peak at around 2560 cm(-1) persists in the liganded derivatives. In native HbI, the observed changes have been attributed to the decrease in polarity of the interface due to the ligand-induced extrusion of the Phe97 phenyl ring from the heme pocket to the interface and the subsequent release of several water molecules that are clustered in the vicinity of Cys92. In contrast, in the Phe97-->Leu mutant, the Leu residue does not leave the heme pocket upon ligand binding and the interface is unaltered. The Cys92/S-H infrared band, therefore, represents a sensitive probe of the structural rearrangements that take place in the intersubunit interface upon ligand binding to HbI. The heterotetrameric Scapharca hemoglobin HbII contains, in addition to the Cys92 residues in the interfaces, two extra sulfhydryl groups per tetramer (Cys9 in the B chain) that are exposed to solvent in the A helix. The frequency of the Cys9/S-H stretching vibration occurs at 2582 cm(-1) in the unliganded and at 2586 cm(-1) in the liganded derivative, pointing to the involvement of the A helix in the ligand-linked polymerization characteristic of HbII.     

氮肥添加对高寒藏嵩草(Kobresia tibetica)沼泽化草甸和土壤微生物群落的影响

以藏嵩草沼泽化草甸为研究对象,利用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)技术,研究连续6年N素添加对地上植被群落数量特征、土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:①藏嵩草沼泽化草甸群落生物量、枯枝落叶对施肥处理无明显响应,且莎草科植物对土壤氮素的吸收和利用率较低。②施肥增加了0-10 cm土壤微生物类群PLFAs丰富度尤其细菌和革兰氏阳性菌PLFAs,降低了10-20 cm PLFAs丰富度;③磷脂脂肪酸饱和脂肪酸/单烯不饱和脂肪酸、细菌PLFAs/真菌PLFAs的比值随土壤层次增加而增加;④0-10 cm土层革兰氏阳性菌、真菌PLFAs含量与pH、土壤速效磷、速效氮、土壤有机质显著正相关(P0.05或P0.01);10-20 cm土层,细菌、革兰氏阳性菌、真菌和总PLFAs含量与土壤有机质含量显著正相关(P0.05或P0.01)。表明藏嵩草沼泽化草甸微生物PLFAs含量和丰富度对施肥的响应存在明显的土层梯度效应,土壤微生物PLFAs含量和丰富度主要受表层土壤初始养分含量的影响。     

Elucidation of the differences between the 430- and 455-nm absorbing forms of P450-isocyanide adducts by resonance Raman spectroscopy.

Alkylisocyanide adducts of microsomal P450 exist in two interconvertible forms, each giving the Soret maximum around 430 or 455 nm. This is demonstrated with a rabbit liver P450 2B4. Resonance Raman spectra of the 430- and 455-nm forms were examined for typical P450s of the two types as well as for P450 2B4 because the 430-nm form of P450 2B4 is liable to change into P420. P450cam and P450nor were selected as a model of the 430- and 455-nm forms, respectively. For the n-butyl isocyanide (CNBu) adduct, the Fe(II)-CNBu stretching band was observed for the first time at 480/467 cm(-1) for P450cam and at 471/459 cm(-1) for P450nor with their (12)CNBu/(13)CNBu derivatives. For P450cam, but not P450nor, other (13)C isotope-sensitive bands were observed at 412/402, 844/835, and 940/926 cm(-1). The C-N stretching mode was identified by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy at 2116/2080 cm(-1) for P450cam and at 2148/2108 cm(-1) for P450nor for the (12)C/(13)C derivatives. These findings suggest that the binding geometry of isocyanide differs between the two forms-bent and linear structures for P450cam-CNBu and P450nor-CNBu, respectively. In contrast, in the ferric state, the Raman (13)C isotopic frequency shifts, and the IR C-N stretching frequencies (2213/2170 and 2215/2172 cm(-1)) were similar between P450cam and P450nor, suggesting similar bent structures for both.     

Ciliate community structure, diversity and trophic role in offshore sediments from the Yellow Sea

We investigated the community structure, diversity and trophic role of ciliates in the sediments from 48 stations in the Yellow Sea using Ludox density centrifugation and quantitative protargol stain. The ciliate abundance ranged from 1 to 221cellscm(-3) and biomass from 0.0001 to 0.47μgCcm(-3) in the upper 8cm of the sediments. On average, 77% of ciliate abundance and 81% of biomass were distributed in the 0-2cm sediment layers, while the respective proportions were only about 6% and 3% in the 5-8-cm layers. Among the 198 morphospecies, Prostomatea was the most dominant group accounting for 45% of the total abundance and 58% of the total biomass. Carnivorous ciliates constituted the primary feeding type, occupying about 64% of the total biomass, followed by bacterivores (21%), algivores (12%) and omnivores (3%). The ciliate abundance and biomass in the upper 5cm of sediments were two orders of magnitude higher than those in the upper 10m of the Yellow Sea water column. The estimated ciliate bacterivory and herbivory indicate that ciliate ingestion had little direct influence on bacterial standing stock but possibly had an important impact on diatoms in the sediments from the Yellow Sea.     

Vertical distribution and abundance of gymnamoebae (Rhizopoda) in bottom sediments of the brackish water Nivå Bay (Baltic Sea,The Sound)

The sandy sediments of Niv? Bay (Baltic Sea, The Sound, Denmark) are often covered with the mats of sulphur bacteria and are temporarily anoxic. The vertical distribution and abundance of naked amoebae species in three sediment cores from this bay were studied. Amoebae were most abundant and diverse in the upper 1 cm of sediment, and their number and diversity decreased with increasing depth into the sediment. Amoebae were recovered from both upper oxygenated and deep anoxic layers of sediments. The species composition and abundance of amoebae was very heterogeneous, even at spatial scales of several centimeters, suggesting the existence of microhabitats selectively occupied by particular species. All species found were recorded from aerobic cultures and some of these amoebae occur in both the aerobic and anaerobic layers of the sediment. Minimal possible number of amoebae in the sediments, estimated for the first time as areal abundance integrated for depth was: core 1 -597 cm(-2); core 2 -1,110 cm(-2); core 3 -1,430 cm(-2). These abundances are probably best regarded as "potential" abundances of amoebae hidden in the sediments, as the question of the ratio between active and resting amoebae remains open.     

Distribution and Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea in Marine Sediments Affected by Gas Hydrates at Mississippi Canyon in the Gulf of Mexico

The microbial community structures of gas hydrate-bearing (Core 9) and non-hydrate-bearing (Core 1) marine sediments were investigated at Mississippi Canyon (MC) 118 in the Gulf of Mexico. Quantification by quantitative competitive (QC)-PCR showed that bacterial abundance was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than archaeal abundance in these cores. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were present at 10³–10⁴ dsrAB gene copies/g in both cores; methanogens or anaerobic methanotrophs were only present in Core 9 (10²–10⁵ mcrA gene copies/g). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed distinct patterns of bacterial community structure between Core 9 and Core 1 with ε-Proteobacteria predominating in the former and γ-Proteobacteria in the latter. Clone libraries were successfully constructed for both Archaea and Bacteria using functional genes (mcrA and dsrAB, respectively). The mcrA gene was present in Core 9, suggesting enhanced abundance or activity of methanogens or methane-oxidizing archaea in the hydrate-impacted sediment. The mcrA gene sequences were dominated by group c-d and group e. The majority (80%) of the dsrAB gene sequences fell into Syntrophobacteraceae-related group. This study indicates that microbial community structures are considerably different between the hydrate-bearing and non-hydrate-bearing sediment at MC 118. Our study is among the initial steps toward a comprehensive and long-term monitoring of microbial dynamics associated with gas hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico.