Une nouvelle espèce d'Euglène,Euglena Penardii

Sans résumé     

Mérieux很可能买下Transgène

法国的Rhone-Poulenc(巴黎)在里昂的保健行业分公司Institut Merieux去年以超过8亿美元的价钱买下加拿大多伦多的Connaught Biosciences.今年要是谈判顺利的话,还要买下本国斯特拉堡的Transgène公司.Institut Merieux是世界上最大的疫苗厂商之一,占全球市场的30%,且因Wellcome(伦敦)刚刚退出这一行业,可能统治欧洲市场.Transgène本身在1989年的收入仅为1千     

Industries lithiques du centre et du nord-est du Brésil pendant la transition Pléistocène–Holocène et l’Holocène ancien : la question du Technocomplexe Itaparica

In publications on Brazilian prehistory, the Itaparica tradition corresponds to the first relatively dense human occupation in central and northeast Brazil, during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition and early Holocene. It is characterized in typological terms by the presence of unifacially shaped stone tools, traditionally called lesmas. We present here a critical review of the concept of Itaparica tradition, testing, beyond these typological similarities, its technological coherence. For this, we rely on the techno-functional analysis of lithic collections from reference site GO-JA-01, in State of Goiás, compared to those of sites Boqueirão da Pedra Furada and Pica-Pau, in State of Piauí. The results of this study demonstrate the existence of a technical system based on the design of an original tool blank, the unifacially shaped artifact, and a complementarity between these and the associated tool flakes. The comparative approach between the different sites shows a strong technical relationship. Consequently, we can talk about the existence of an “Itaparica technocomplex”. This implies a cultural link between human groups that participated in this first dense peopling of central and northeast Brazil.     

Hélène Charniaux-Cotton (1918–1986)

Summary

1-Methyladenine (1-MA) secreted from the follicle cells is the biological signal for meiosis reinitiation of starfish oocytes. The signal of-1-MA is transduced into cytoplasmic formation of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) that eventually induces a germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Microinjection of pertussis toxin (PTX) inhibited 1-MA-induced GVBD in Asterina pectinifera and Asterina (Patina) miniata. PTX-inhibition of GVBD was rescued by the injection of MPF into PTX-preinjected oocytes. Most of the PTX- and MPF-double injected eggs were fertilized and underwent cleavage, suggesting the presence of a GTP-binding protein (G protein) specific for 1-MA signal transduction. Indeed, plasma membrane preparations of A. pectinifera oocytes contained a G protein consisting of 39-kDa α, 37-kDa β, and 8-kDa γ subunits. The α subunit contained a site for ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by PTX. It was also recognized by antibodies specific for a common GTP-binding site of mammalian α subunits or a carboxy-terminal ADP-ribosylation site of mammalian inhibitory G protein (G_i) α subunits. Its gene was 74% and 83.7% identical to the rat G_i-2α gene in nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, respectively. The 39-kDa α subunit shared the common GTP-binding site of mammalian G protein α subunits and the PTX-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation site of mammalian G_i α subunits as expected from the immunoreactivity. The oocyte membranes had apparently two forms of 1-MA receptors with high and low affinities. The high-affinity form was converted into the low-affinity one in the presence of a non-hydrolyzable analogue of GTP. The 39-kDa α subunit of starfish G protein was also ADP-ribosylated by cholera toxin only when 1-MA was added to the membranes. These results indicate that in starfish oocyte membranes, 1-MA receptors are functionally coupled with the 39-kDa PTX-substrate G protein that transduces the signal into the formation of a cytoplasmic factor (MPF) and eventually into the reinitiation of meiosis.     

Le collagène du byssus de Mytilus edulis L.

Résumé L'autoradiographie révèle, au niveau du pied, une incorporation massive et sélective de la ³H-Proline dans la glande blanche de Mytilus edulis. Cette étude a permis de suivre le processus qui mène de la synthèse de la sécrétion dans la partie basale des cellules jusqu'a son émission dans le sillon pédieux où elle participe à la formation du filament. La collagénase détruit la presque totalité du marquage, attestant ainsi la nature collagénique du produit sécrété. Les autres glandes pédieuses ainsi que la glande du byssus proprement dite, située à la base du pied, montrent une incorporation très faible, sans commune mesure avec celle de la glande blanche. Ceci démontre de façon définitive que le collagène présent dans le filament prend naissance dans cette glande et justifie la dénomination de glande du collagène. Des contrôles réalisés dans différentes régions (bords du manteau, manteau, branchies) montrent que l'injection du précurseur dans le bord palléal constitue une méthode satisfaisante pour marquer de façon relativement rapide et différentielle le collagène de la glande.

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The collagen of the byssus in Mytilus edulis L.II. Autoradiographic study on the incorporation of ³H-Proline

Summary Autoradiographic studies reveal a strong specific incorporation of ³H-Proline in the white gland in the foot of Mytilus edulis. The author could trace the radioactive secretory product from its synthesis in the basal part of the cells down to its outflow into the pedial groove where it takes part in the formation of the filament. Purified collagenase takes out radioactivity from the sections. This observation confirms the collagenous nature of the secretion.The other foot-glands as well as the main byssus gland located at the base of the foot show but a very weak labelling not comparable with that of the white gland. This clearly evidences that the collagen occuring in the filament originates from the latter. The white gland may be properly called: collagen gland.Control sections through different parts of the body (mantle-edge, mantle, gills) confirm that our injection technique of the precursor into the palleal margin is a suitable method for a rather quick and specific labelling of the glandular collagen.

Cette note fait partie d'un travail pour l'obtention d'une thèse de doctorat.     

Impuissance sexuelle iatrogène et responsabilité médicale

Medical responsibility means that the Doctor must assume his acts. It enables not only to repair prejudices met but also discourage prejudiciable acts to society by sanctioning them. Its founding is based on the principle of error, of the damage caused and the establishing of a cause link between error and damage. The authors report a clinical case observed during a medical expertise of an iatrogenic accident (priapism) secondary to the treatment of a psychogenic impotence with papaverine injection in intracavernous. It’s a 27 year old patient, single, teacher, without pathological antecedents, who, after a psycho-affective shock (break with his girl-friend), showed a diminished sewal desire and erectile power. These complaints led him to consult an urologist, who prescribed a hormonal check-up and a medical treatment based on Yohimbine^* for two weeks. Seeing no improvement of his state, he consulted another urologist who gave him an intracavernous Papaverine chlorydrate injection (40 mg). The immediate main consequen?s were a priapism necessitating a surgical intervention (caverno-spongious anastomosis), practised one day after the injection. Following the intervention, the patient complains of a persistant impoten?, which led him to sue his Doctor for a professional error having led to a permanent sexual prejudice. The error retained against the Doctor consists in a bad control of his patient, which led to delay in taking the latter in charge, a classical complication resulting from the treatment prescribed. Because of the existence of an error, a damage caused and a cause link, the responsibility of the Doctor is in question. From this case, the authors insist on the necessity of a psychologic evaluation prior to every medicinal treatment of a psychogenic impotence.