蛭弧菌的分离及其生长条件和裂解能力的研究

噬菌蛭弧菌具有裂解病原菌、净化水体的功效,从海洋环境中分离到4株Bh04系列蛭弧菌,对其生长条件进行了测定,同时研究了它们对61株菌株的裂解能力。结果表明,在1%～3%的盐度范围内,蛭弧菌均可生长,最适盐度为3%;在15～30℃温度条件下蛭弧菌也可生长,但最适培养温度为20-25℃;只有在使用活的宿主菌的培养条件下,蛭弧菌才能生长。4株蛭弧菌分别可裂解21、24、40、43株菌,各占总试验菌数(61)的34.4%、39.3%、65.6%和70.5%。4株蛭弧菌一起,则可裂解55菌株,占总试验菌株的90.2%。研究结果揭示了蛭弧菌在消除海洋环境中有害细菌方面的潜在应用价值。     

鱼病蛭弧菌的微生态学初步研究

本次以鲫鱼出血性腹水病病原菌点状产气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ Ｐｕｎｃｔａｔａ）为宿主菌。从自然界分离获得６株噬菌蛭弧菌菌株,它们具有噬菌蛭弧菌的生物学特性。研究表明,这６株蛭弧菌的最适培养条件为温度２５￣２８℃,ｐＨ７．２,有溶菌性,能裂解多种鱼类病原菌。其中对蛭弧菌Ｂｄｓ－４菌株在实验条件下对病原菌的自然净化作用等方面进行了研究。说明蛭弧菌是精养鱼糖水体中某些致病菌的自然净化的重要生物因素之     

蛭弧菌BDE-1的生物特性及促进其蛭质体形成的研究

【背景】蛭弧菌是众多海洋益生菌中的一类较新成员,应用前景十分广阔。但由于蛭弧菌特殊的繁殖方式和周期,它的应用效果受寄生宿主特性和生物活性的影响,因而优选寄生宿主,维持或者提高蛭弧菌微生态制剂的应用活性是关键。【目的】筛选出能够裂解枯草芽孢杆菌的蛭弧菌,以增进其益生性能;研究提高蛭弧菌的蛭质体密度,以利于保存。【方法】从海南取回海泥样后,以枯草芽孢杆菌作为宿主菌,通过稀营养肉汤(Dilute nutrient broth,DNB)双层平板法分离获得蛭弧菌,并对目标菌株进行透射电镜形态鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析;然后进行生物学特性研究,同时开展氨苄青霉素、吲哚、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)影响蛭质体形成的研究。【结果】分离出一株以枯草芽孢杆菌作为宿主的蛭弧菌并命名为BDE-1,其最适温度、盐度和pH分别为25℃、2.0%和7.0;BDE-1可裂解24株试验菌,占总试验菌株数(28株)的85.7%,其中对试验弧菌(13株)的裂解率达92.3%;吲哚、氨苄青霉素、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)4种因子对BDE-1蛭质体的形成均有促进作用,其中吲哚和Ca~(2+)的促进作用显著。【结论】研究结果不仅为蛭弧菌寄生宿主的优化选择提供了可行性解决思路,而且为维持或提高蛭弧菌微生态制剂的应用活性提供了理论依据。     

一株广盐性蛭弧菌的生物学特性

【背景】蛭弧菌有裂解水产养殖中常见致病菌的能力,具有重要的潜在应用价值,但在实际应用中,存在着菌株生长条件与应用环境不相符而导致效果差乃至无效果等问题。因此获得适应范围宽的蛭弧菌甚为关键。【目的】筛选出一株广盐性蛭弧菌以利推广应用;提升蛭弧菌蛭质体密度以利保存。【方法】以枯草芽孢杆菌为宿主,于浅滩水域分离纯化出一株广盐性蛭弧菌;对该广盐性蛭弧菌菌株进行分子生物学鉴定;之后探究其生物学特性及裂解性能,并研究谷氨酸钠、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)、吲哚等影响蛭质体密度的因素。【结果】分离获得一株广盐性蛭弧菌BDN-1,其适宜温度、盐度和pH范围分别为20-30°C、0.5%-3.0%、6.0-8.5;BDN-1对30株受试菌的裂解率为86.7%,对其中16株受试弧菌裂解率为87.5%;谷氨酸钠、吲哚、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)对BDN-1蛭质体密度有提升作用。【结论】研究结果提供了一株裂解能力强且海淡水均可应用的蛭弧菌菌株,查明了其生物学特性及影响其蛭质体密度的因素,为蛭弧菌的高效利用奠定了基础。     

嗜盐噬菌弧菌BALOs10菌株的分离、鉴定及其裂解谱

【目的】从海水中分离得到蛭弧菌类群(Bdellovibrio-and-likeorganisms,BALOs)新型菌株,丰富BALOs的种质资源。【方法】从中国深圳大亚湾取回海水样品后,使用本实验室分离得到的Vibrio alginolyticus LF TCBS 15作为宿主,通过海水双层平板法分离得到BALOs菌株,通过光学显微镜及透射电镜观察菌体形态,对16S rDNA序列进行系统发育分析,完成分子鉴定。采用双层平板滤纸片法分析NaCl浓度、pH及温度对菌株BALOs10生长的影响并测定菌株BALOs10对16株细菌的裂解效果。【结果】成功分离出一株以Vibrio alginolyticus LF TCBS 15为宿主的BALOs菌株BALOs10。噬菌斑呈圆形、透明且边缘光滑整齐,菌体为弧状,极生单鞭毛,菌体大小(0.21–0.44)μm×(1.25–1.87)μm。菌株最佳生长温度、NaCl浓度和pH范围分别为35–37°C、2%–3%(W/V)和7–8。菌株BALOs10可以裂解9株不同种的受试菌,占总试验菌株数(16株)的56.3%,主要是海杆菌属和弧菌属;菌株BALOs10的16S rDNA与最相近的典型菌株Halobacteriovorax marinus SJ的相似性只有92.14%,可能是一个全新的物种,将其命名为Halobacteriovorax sp. BALOs10。【结论】本文研究发现了Halobacteriovorax属(嗜盐噬菌弧菌属)的一个新型菌株,丰富了BALOs种质资源,为后续的应用及理论研究奠定物质基础。     

一株碱性淀粉酶产生菌Bacillus flexus XJU-3的分离鉴定及酶学特性分析

[目的]从新疆石河子市一处碱性工业污水(pH11.0)分离﹑鉴定高产碱性淀粉酶菌株,并对其所产酶酶学特性进行研究.[方法]在碱性淀粉酶分离培养基上对所分离菌株进行筛选,分离到一株高产碱性淀粉酶菌株,并将其编号XJU-3.应用生理生化试验,脂肪酸含量,16S rDNA序列以及(G C) mol%含量等方法对菌株进行鉴定,同时对XJU-3所产碱性淀粉酶的生物学特性进行研究.[结果] XJU-3可在pH4.0～12.5的LB培养基上生长,最适生长温度37℃.16S rDNA序列构建的系统进化树表明XJU-3与Bacillus flexus类聚在一起,且序列同源性为99%.该菌产生的淀粉酶最适pH10.0,最适温度40℃,且在pH9.0～13.0内有较高活性和稳定性.Co2 和Mg2 能明显提高酶的活性.[结论] XJU-3被鉴定为Bacillus flexus,由于XJU-3与B. flexus DSM 1320T在尿素水解和优势脂肪酸含量上有差异,且具有宽范围pH耐受性,因此XJU-3被认为是B.flexus的一个新菌株.XJU-3所产的碱性淀粉酶酶学特性良好,具有极大的工业应用潜力.     

蛭弧菌类菌株JU-PX1的生物学特性和16S rDNA序列分析

[目的]研究蛭弧菌类菌株JU-PX1的噬菌特性、形态特征,并分析16S rDNA序列从而对其进行种属鉴定.[方法]采用双层平板法和三角瓶培养法研究蛭弧菌类菌株JU-PX1的噬菌特性,通过光镜和电镜观察其形态,利用16S rDNA序列的蛭弧菌类特异性引物以及细菌通用引物进行PCR扩增.[结果]JU-PX1对10株宿主菌中的6株具有噬菌作用,特别对大肠杆菌和副溶血弧菌侵噬能力较强.菌体呈弧状或杆状,单极鞭毛,大小为(0.2-0.5) μm×(0.8-1.2) μm,在其增殖阶段也有长约3.2 μm的较长个体.扩增后分别获得了一段长为831 bp和1 515 bp的DNA序列,进一步通过NCBI BLAST和MEGA 5.10等软件分析并构建了系统发育树.[结论]蛭弧菌类菌株JU-PX1属于噬菌弧菌属(Bacteriovorax),与海岸噬菌弧菌(Bv.litoralis)亲缘关系最近,两者的16S rDNA序列相似性为93％.     

人粪便中分离的噬菌蛭弧菌生物学特性的研究

本文研究了人粪便中分离的噬菌蛭弧菌的生物学特性,测定了它们的生长曲线,并利用微孔滤膜过滤和机械振荡的方法,研究了它们的吸附和穿入动力学,发现链霉素、庆大霉素和卡那霉素能抑制蛭弧菌的吸附;青霉素不影响蛭弧菌的吸附和穿入,但抑制蛭弧菌在宿主内的生长过程。从人粪中分出的噬菌蛭弧菌不仅能裂解大部分需氧的革兰氏阴性菌,而且在微氧条件下也能裂解厌氧菌中的二株脆弱拟杆菌。我们发现一株人粪便中分出的噬菌蛭弧菌能形成蛭弧菌囊体——它的休眠态,它对高热、紫外线照射和真空干燥的耐受力较相应的繁殖体强,看来它是蛭弧菌保持生命期限的一种方式。     

两种培养基对对虾苗池海洋蛭弧菌的分离及其多样性分析

【目的】明确海水(Sw)和聚蛋白胨20(Pp20)两种双层琼脂培养基对海洋蛭弧菌的分离计数效果,了解对虾苗池可培养海洋蛭弧菌多样性。【方法】采用双层平板法,比较Sw和Pp20培养基对2株海洋蛭弧菌和对虾苗池未知海洋蛭弧菌的计数效果。通过宿主范围测试和16S rRNA基因序列分析评估两种培养基分离苗池海洋蛭弧菌的多样性。【结果】宿主菌含量高时,Sw培养基对两株已知海洋蛭弧菌的计数值均显著高于(P0.05)Pp20。Sw和Pp20培养基从同一苗池水样分别分离得到21和22株蛭弧菌。根据宿主裂解范围差异,43株分离物可分为15种裂解模式,其中Sw和Pp20培养基各分离到12和8种。16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,所有分离物都被鉴定为噬菌弧菌属(Bacteriovorax)菌株,并可分为6个类群,Sw和Pp20培养基分别分离到6和4个类群。【结论】Sw培养基在分离计数海洋蛭弧菌及其多样性检测上效果均优于Pp20;对虾苗池可培养海洋蛭弧菌具有较高多样性,并以类群XIII、X及一个潜在新类群为优势种群。     

噬菌蛭弧菌对嗜水气单胞菌裂解作用的研究

本文报道了8株噬菌蛭弧菌对河水中分离的9株嗜水气单胞菌的裂解作用。结果发现,噬菌蛭弧菌Bd32的裂解率为77.78％;Bd83、Bd98的裂解率为88.89％,其余5株噬菌蛭弧菌对9株嗜水气单胞菌全部裂解。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.