优质鲜食黄肉猕猴桃新品种‘金圆’的选育及特性分析

‘金圆’是以种间杂交品种‘金艳’（Actinidia chinensis×A.eriantha）为母本、中华猕猴桃（A.chinensis Planch.）为父本,从回交F₁代群体中选育出的中熟黄肉猕猴桃新品种。通过对‘金圆’植物学性状、特异性、营养成分、贮藏性等进行研究,结果显示：‘金圆’果实为短圆形,单果重80~100 g,软熟时果肉橙黄色,质细味浓;‘金圆’的花瓣数和花丝数与母本‘金艳’接近,花冠直径和柱头数较‘金艳’分别增大了9.31%和52%,而花柄长度比‘金艳’短16.75%;萌芽率和果枝率略低于‘金艳’,但比‘海沃德’高出55.26%和43.33%;‘金圆’的可溶性固形物、总糖和可滴定酸含量与‘金艳’相当,但维生素C含量比‘金艳’高4.63%,是‘海沃德’的2.2倍;‘金圆’矿质元素含量丰富,P和K含量分别比‘金艳’高30.86%和22.53%,Mg含量比‘海沃德’高24.86%;‘金圆’的总氨基酸含量丰富（8 mg/g）,E/N和E/T值均高于‘金艳’和‘海沃德’,更接近于理想模式;‘金圆’在低温下（1~2℃,相对湿度90%~95%）贮藏150 d时,好果率在80%以上,200 d后,好果率仍有65%,贮藏性略低于‘金艳’,但显著高于‘海沃德’。利用Geo7-223分子标记扩增‘金圆’基因组得到3个条带,表明其与‘金艳’和‘金桃’在分子水平上具有一定差异。本研究表明‘金圆’具有良好的农艺性状和品质特性。     

‘凤丹’生物量分配的季节动态及其受株龄和遮荫的影响

生物量分配动态研究对了解作物产量形成机制具有重要意义。‘凤丹’是以杨山牡丹（Paeonia ostii T.Hong et J.X.Zhang）为原种形成的新型木本油料作物,其产量形成机制尚不明确。本文采取破坏性取样策略,研究不同株龄‘凤丹’生物量分配的季节动态以及遮荫对产量的影响。结果显示,‘凤丹’生物量在果熟期达到最大值,总生物量随株龄增大而增加,但其增长速率趋势则相反。‘凤丹’根和茎的生物量分配在休眠期最大,而叶生物量分配最大值出现在果熟期;繁殖分配仅为3.24%~6.85%,但随株龄增大而增加（4年生果实生物量为（7.74 ±0.31）g/株,8年生果实生物量为（26.81 ±0.44）g/株）。‘凤丹’单株年同化总量为161.21~232.34 g,种子收获指数为2.71%~6.87%,收获指数与株龄呈正相关（R²=0.8178）。‘凤丹’营养生长和总生物量在遮荫条件下有所降低,但繁殖生物量和收获指数在30%遮阳处理中显著增加（种子增产3.66 g/株,产量提高389.36%）。本研究表明‘凤丹’年周期内的源与库结构呈动态变化,株龄对‘凤丹’的生物量分配及产量有明显效应,适度遮荫可提高‘凤丹’的产量。     

银杏胚乳淀粉体的积累规律和发生特性

以银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.）核用品种‘七星果’、‘马铃’和‘龙眼’不同发育天数的胚乳为材料,采用透射电镜和扫描电镜技术,对其胚乳细胞内淀粉体的积累规律和发生特性进行研究。结果显示：3种银杏胚乳形态差异显著,‘七星果’呈梭形、‘马铃’呈椭圆形、‘龙眼’呈卵圆形;3种银杏胚乳早期均为嫩绿色,后期为黄色;授粉后65~125 d是胚乳体积快速增长时期。淀粉体的积累规律为：在胚乳组织内,淀粉体由糊粉层-外胚乳-内胚乳逐渐积累;在单个胚乳细胞内,淀粉体由细胞壁边缘向内部逐渐充实。银杏淀粉质体起源于类叶绿体质体,淀粉粒最初在类叶绿体质体的内膜上发生。淀粉体通过出芽、缢缩以及出芽和缢缩同时进行的增殖方式产生新淀粉体,成熟淀粉体形态有圆形、椭圆形和不规则形,属于单粒淀粉。研究结果表明银杏淀粉体在胚乳组织内具有由外向内的空间积累规律,淀粉质体起源于类叶绿体质体并通过出芽、缢缩、出芽和缢缩同时存在的方式增殖。     

多元统计分析方法在万寿菊品种抗旱性评价中的应用

利用主成分分析法、隶属函数法和聚类分析法,对9个万寿菊品种16个生理指标的抗旱性进行综合评价.结果表明： 不同品种万寿菊的16个生理指标变化程度不同,其中脯氨酸(Pro)、H₂O₂和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)对干旱胁迫的敏感性最大,而且部分抗旱系数之间显著相关;4个主因子代表16个生理指标抗旱性88.6%的数据信息,‘珍妮’和‘金门’、‘鸿运’、‘珍妮’、‘拳王’分别在4个主因子上的抗旱性最强;9个品种的抗旱性综合评价值大小为：‘珍妮’>‘金门’>‘鸿运’>‘拳王’>‘巨人’>‘大英雄’>‘小英雄’>‘迪阿哥’>‘发现’;聚类分析将9个品种分为3类,其中‘金门’、‘珍妮’、‘鸿运’和‘拳王’属于抗旱品种.     

不同品种草莓果实挥发性物质的GC-MS分析

以草莓‘晶玉’、‘甜查理’、‘晶瑶’、‘章姬’和‘丰香’等5个品种为材料,采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术,分析各品种果实挥发性物质成分差异,为草莓香味育种提供依据。结果表明,5个品种果实挥发性物质中酯类均占59%以上(59.36%～77.12%);丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、沉香醇、呋喃酮、丁酸甲酯、己酸甲酯、2-庚酮和橙花叔醇是5品种果实中主要的特征香味物质。     

不同定植期和摘心方案下5个品种(系)茶用菊生长和产量性状的变化

为了比较5个茶用菊新品种(系)的产量水平,并筛选出获得高产的定植期和摘心方案,以 ‘苏菊10号’、‘苏菊12号’、‘苏菊13号’、‘CH1-44’、‘CH5-13’ 为试材,采用三因素裂区试验设计,主区为早、中、晚3个定植期,裂区为5个新品种(系),裂裂区为4种摘心方案,比较不同栽培措施下植株生长和产量的差异.结果表明: 5个新品种(系)中,‘CH5-13’和‘苏菊13号’产量相对较高,‘CH1-44’和‘苏菊10号’产量次之,‘苏菊12号’产量最低;5月27日中期定植、二次摘心措施下5个新品种(系)的株高、冠幅、单株花数、花径、单花鲜质量、单株产量和单位面积产量均显著优于其他处理,较5月7日和6月13日定植分别提高16.0%和19.0%、18.0%和22.8%、36.7%和42.2%、11.1%和2.3%、13.0%和4.0%、47.8%和36.6%、48.5%和36.7%.随着摘心时间的推迟,株高显著降低,二次摘心株高较不摘心降低50.2%;二次摘心处理的冠幅、单株花数、单花鲜质量、单株产量和单位面积产量最高,较不摘心依次提高17.0%、29.1%、5.5%、34.0%和34.8%.品种(系)、定植期、摘心方案3个因素对茶用菊生长性状和产量影响作用的大小依次为:定植期>品种>摘心.     

光照条件对‘寒富’苹果叶片结构和光合特性的影响

以‘寒富’苹果为试材,利用光学显微镜技术和气体交换等方法,研究了光照条件对盆栽和田间条件下‘寒富’苹果叶片结构和光合特性的影响.结果表明： 同种栽培方式下,与全光照条件相比,遮阴环境下‘寒富’苹果叶片的栅栏组织、海绵组织以及叶片总厚度均降低,其中,栅栏组织分别降低34.5%(盆栽)和25.0%(大田),叶片总厚度分别降低27.1%(盆栽)和18.3%(大田);遮阴环境下大田‘寒富’苹果叶片的光补偿点(LCP)最低,为(30.8±1.3） μmol·m^-2·s^-1,全光照比遮阴环境下叶片饱和光强分别高22.7%(盆栽)和48.2%(大田);盆栽不同光照环境下叶片对强光的适应能力不同,突然转入强光下,达到最大光合速率15.4 μmol·m^-2·s^-1(盆栽全光照)和12.7 μmol·m^-2·s^-1(盆栽遮阴)的光合启动时间不同,分别为23和33 min.表明长期遮阴影响‘寒富’苹果叶片质量及光合能力.     

不同品种油甘子果实营养成分评价

为系统分析评价不同品种油甘子(Phyllanthus emblica)果实的营养品质,以‘赤皮’‘玻璃油甘’‘东坑甜’‘饼甜’‘六月白’和‘马蹄甜’6个品种油甘子果实为材料,测定7项营养成分含量,运用主成分分析法对果实营养成分含量进行分析评价。结果表明,各品种油甘子维生素C和还原糖含量均较高;维生素C与蛋白质呈显著正相关,还原糖与可溶性固形物呈显著正相关。通过主成分分析提取出3个主成分,认为‘赤皮’和‘玻璃油甘’2个品种可作为油甘子丰产林建设的优良栽培品种。     

遮荫对彩叶植物矾根夏季适应性表型的影响

以彩叶植物矾根(Heuchera micrantha)‘蜜桃’(‘Georgia Peach’)、‘小珍珠’(‘Petite pearl fairy’)、‘花毯’ (‘Tapestry’)为材料,研究不同遮荫处理对矾根观赏特征、高温半致死温度以及成活率的影响。结果表明,在遮荫条件下,三个矾根品种株高增加、叶面积变大、花序变长、开花推迟,‘蜜桃’和‘小珍珠’花期延长,‘花毯’花期缩短。遮荫引起‘蜜桃’和‘小珍珠’叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量显著上升,花色素苷含量明显下降,叶色由红、紫色向灰绿色转变,叶片彩化度下降;‘花毯’的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素含量均随遮荫度增加显著上升,其叶色由浅绿转为深绿,叶脉紫红色加重,彩化度提高,观赏性增强。随着遮荫度提高,三个矾根品种的高温半致死温度明显升高,成活率显著上升。相关性分析表明,三个矾根品种的成活率与最高气温、最大光强、气温、光强分别存在极显著负相关关系,与相对湿度以及该品种的高温半致死温度分别存在极显著正相关关系。多元逐步回归分析表明,高光强是引起‘蜜桃’成活率下降的关键因素,‘小珍珠’的成活率主要取决于高温半致死温度,‘花毯’的成活率主要受极端高温的影响。     

不同微型月季品种扦插生根效果综合评价

为了筛选易生根的优良微型月季品种,采用主成分分析、隶属函数和聚类分析方法,对7个微型月季品种扦插的7个根系形态指标进行综合评价。结果表明,微型月季品种之间的生根能力存在差异,7个根系形态指标用3个相互独立的综合指标代替,即第1主成分、第2主成分和第3主成分,7个微型月季品种扦插生根效果依次为：‘淑女’、 ‘红色恋人’、‘绝恋’、‘女儿红’、‘维纳斯’、‘春色’、‘灵感’,其中‘淑女’在种苗生产上采用常规扦插方法即可保证较高的插穗成活率。     

Therapeutic isoniazid monitoring using a simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection

Simultaneous measurement of isoniazid and its main acetylated metabolite acetylisoniazid in human plasma is realized by high-performance liquid chromatography. The technique used is evaluated by a factorial design of validation that proved to be convenient for routine drug monitoring. Plasma samples are deproteinized by trichloroacetic acid and then the analytes are separated on a microBondapak C18 column (Waters). Nicotinamide is used as an internal standard. The mobile phase is 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6)-acetonitrile (99:1, v/v). The detection is by ultraviolet absorbance at 275 nm. The validation, using the factorial design allows one to: (a) test the systematic factors of bias (linearity and matrix effect); (b) estimate the relative standard deviations (RSDs) related to extraction, measure and sessions assay. The linearity is confirmed to be within a range of 0.5 to 8 microg/ml of isoniazid and 1 to 16 microg/ml of acetylisoniazid. This method shows a good repeatability for both extraction and measurement (RSD INH=3.54% and 3.32%; RSD Ac.INH=0.00% and 5.97%), as well as a good intermediate precision (RSD INH=7.96%; RSD Ac.INH=15.86%). The method is also selective in cases of polytherapy as many drugs are associated (rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, streptomycin). The matrix effect (plasma vs. water) is negligible for INH (3%), but statistically significant for Ac.INH (11%). The application of this validation design gave us the possibility to set up an easy and suitable method for INH therapeutic monitoring.     

人工发酵古尼虫草中甘露醇的测定

利用比色法简便、准确和快速地测定发酵生产的古尼虫草菌丝中甘露醇含量。结果表明 ,甘露醇的最大特征吸收峰在 41 2nm处 ,质量浓度在 1 0～ 5 0mg/L范围内线性较好 ,其回归方程 ρ=-0 842 +97 3 2 9A,r=0 9992 ;平均回收率 1 0 0 2 4% ,RSD =0 5 4% (n=5 )。样品中甘露醇采用水提取法 ,提取时间 2h。甘露醇显色后 2 0min内测定对结果影响不大 ,在测定时要注意排除果糖对测定结果的影响。用此法测得发酵古尼虫草菌丝体中甘露醇的含量为 7.4% ,RSD =0 .2 4% (n =6)。     

Determination of Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived recombinant thyrotropin by reversed-phase liquid chromatography

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methodology for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of human thyrotropin (hTSH) in CHO cell conditioned medium and in purified preparations has been set up and validated for accuracy, precision and sensitivity. A recovery test indicated a bias of less than 2% and intra-day and inter-day quantitative determinations presented relative standard deviations (RSD) always <7%, while sensitivity was 0.2 microg (RSD=5.6%). The novel methodology was applied to the study of the best cultivation conditions and was able to detect a significant difference in retention time (t(R)) between pituitary and recombinant hTSH, probably reflecting the influence of the heterogeneity of the carbohydrate moiety on the hydrophobic properties of the molecule.     

海南黎药海巴戟多糖含量测定及其测量不确定度评估

研究和探讨海南黎药海巴戟多糖含量,并对多糖含量测量过程中引入的不确定因素进行评估。采用苯酚-硫酸法测定海巴戟药材中多糖含量,并根据苯酚-硫酸法建立数学模型,找出影响不确定的因素,最终确定测量结果的合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。以D-葡萄糖作为对照品,浓度在0.002 5～0.012 5 g/L范围内线性关系良好(R~2=0.999 4),重现性试验RSD=1.84%,4 h内显色稳定,加样回收率为98.05%(n=9,RSD=2.32%);16批海巴戟药材多糖含量为5.53%～12.63%,其多糖含量测定方法的合成不确定度为0.029 4～0.093 8,扩展不确定度为0.059 0～0.187 6。影响测量不确定度的主要因素有称量、浓度配制和吸光度。本研究建立的海南黎药海巴戟多糖含量测定方法适应性广、灵敏度高,若将测量结果不确定度纳入标准制定有助于对海巴戟药材含量分析方法的建立和质量标准的制定,有利于对海巴戟药材资源的开发。     

Protection of flavonoids against lipid peroxidation: the structure activity relationship revisited

The inhibition of the lipid peroxidation, induced by iron and ascorbate in rat liver microsomes, by phenols and flavones was studied. The activity of phenol was enhanced by electron donating substituents, denoted by the Hammett sigma (sigma). The concentration of the substituted phenols giving 50% inhibition (IC50) of lipid peroxidation gave a good correlation with the sigma of the substituent (ln(1/IC50) = -8.92sigma + 5.80 (R = 0.94, p < 0.05)). In flavones two pharmacophores for the protection against lipid peroxidation were pinpointed: (i) a catechol moiety as ring B and (ii) an OH-group at the 3 position with electron donating groups at the 5 and/or 7 position in the AC-ring. An example of a flavone with the latter pharmacophore is galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) where the reactivity of the 3-OH-group is enhanced by the electron donating effect of the 5- and 7-OH-groups. This is comparable to the effect of electron donating substituents on the activity of phenol. The prooxidant activity of flavones has been related to a low half peak oxidation potential (Ep/2). All flavones with a catechol as ring B have very low Ep/2, suggesting that they display a prominent prooxidant activity. In contrast, the Ep/2 varies within the group of flavones with a 3-OH, e.g. TUM 8436 (5,7,3',4'-tetra-O-methyl-quercetin) has a relatively high Ep/2 and is an excellent protector against lipid peroxidation. Apparently amongst the flavones with the pharmacophore in the AC-ring there are good antioxidants that are expected to display no or limited prooxidant properties.     

龙眼果实采后果肉自溶过程中细胞壁组分及其降解酶活性的变化

在(10±1)℃下贮藏的‘福眼’龙眼果实果肉自溶指数和自溶程度随着贮藏时间的延长而增加。果肉细胞壁干重、原果胶、纤维素、半纤维素和细胞壁蛋白含量不断减少。果肉果胶酯酶(PE)活性下降;多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性在贮藏6～12d以及纤维素酶活性在贮藏0～12d期间均明显增强,到第12天达到活性高峰,之后下降。但在贮藏0～24d期间,PE、PG和纤维素酶仍然保持较高活性,贮藏24d之后快速下降。β-半乳糖苷酶活性在贮藏0～24d期间略有下降,而在贮藏24d后,活性增强,尤其是贮藏30d后,活性急剧升高。     

Simultaneous determination of hydrocodone and hydromorphone in human plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection

A rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of hydrocodone (HYC) and its metabolite hydromorphone (HYM) in human plasma. A robotic liquid handler and a 96-channel liquid handling workstation were used to aliquot samples, to add internal standard (I.S.), and to extract analytes of interest. A 96-well mixed-mode solid-phase cartridge plate was used to extract the analytes and I.S. The chromatographic separation was on a silica column (50 x 3 mm, 5-microm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, water and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (92:8:0.01, v/v). The run time for each injection was 2.5 min with the retention times of approximately 2.1 and 2.2 min for HYC and HYM, respectively. The tandem mass spectrometric detection was by monitoring singly charged precursor-->product ion transition 300-->199 (m/z) for HYC, and 28-->185 (m/z) for HYM. The validated calibration curve range was 0.100-100 ng/ml, based on a plasma volume of 0.3 ml. The correlation coefficients were greater than or equal to 0.9996 for both HYC and HYM. The low limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.100 ng/ml for both HYC and HYM with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 50 and 10. respectively. The deuterated analytes, used as internal standards, were monitored at mass transitions 303-->199 (m/z) for HYC-d3 and 289-->185 (m/z) for HYM-d3. The inter-day (n= 17) precision of the quality control (QC) samples were < or = 3.5% RSD (relative standard deviation) for HYC and < or = 4.7% RSD for HYM, respectively. The inter-day accuracy of the QC samples were < or = 2.1% RE (relative error) for HYC and < or = 1.8% RE for HYM. The intra-day (n=6) precision and accuracy of the QC samples were < or = 2.6% RSD and < or = 3.0% RE for HYC, and < or = 4.7% RSD and < or = 2.4% RE for HYM. There was no significant deviation from the nominal values after a 5-fold dilution of high concentration QC samples by blank matrix. The QC samples were stable when kept at room temperature for 24-h or experienced three freeze-thaw cycles. The extraction recoveries were 86% for HYC and 78% for HYM. No detectable carryover was observed when a blank sample was injected immediately after a 2500 ng/ml sample that was 25-fold more concentrated than the upper limit of quantitation (ULOQ).     

Biomimetic oxidase sensor based on functionalized surface of carbon nanotubes and iron prophyrins for catechol detection

A novel and highly stable biomimetic oxidase sensor system was designed for catehol detection. FePP used as biomimetic horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized onto modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Functional groups such as –OH, –NH₂ and –COOH were introduced onto the surface of MWCNTs to provide biomimetic microenvironment for iron porphyrins (FePP). Stable biomimetic enzyme electrode has been developed to detect catechol as a simple, economical and efficient method. At optimal condition, the detection limit of OH-MWCNTs/FePP/Nafion was 3.754 × 10^− 6 M. After stored at − 4 °C for 35 days, the oxidation current value still maintained 98.3% of initial activity. In repetitive nature test, relative standard deviation (RSD) of oxidation current remained within 1.0% after ten consecutive measurements in the same concentration of catechol solution, while most of reported oxidase sensor was within 2.0% under the same condition.

     

Substantiation of 25 kGy radiation sterilization dose for banked air dried amniotic membrane and evaluation of personnel skill in influencing finished product bioburden

Preparation of amniotic membrane (AM) by air drying method followed by radiation sterilization is simple and valuable approach; sterility and quality of the final AM product are depending on the quality management system at the tissue bank. Validation and substantiation of radiation sterilization dose (RSD) for tissue allografts is an essential step for the development and validation of the standard operating procedures (SOP). Application of SOP is perfectly relying on trained staff. Skills differences among personnel involved in AM preparation could have an effect on microbiological quality of the finished product and subsequently on the RSD required. AM were processed by four different couples of the tissue bank technicians. The AM grafts were randomly selected and subjected to bioburden test to validate and substantiate the 25 kGy RSD. Bioburden test for AM grafts were also useful to evaluate the skill of the tissue bank technicians and thus, to validate the current SOP for air dried AM. Moreover, the effect of placental source on bioburden counts on AM grafts was assessed. Substantiation of the 25 kGy RSD at a sterility assurance level of 10^?1, and sample item portion = 1, was carried out using Method VD _max ²⁵ of the International Organization for Standardization, document no. 11137-2 (ISO in Sterilization of healthcare products—radiation—part 2: establishing the sterilization dose, Method VDmax—substantiation of 25 kGy or 15 kGy as the sterilization dose, International Standard Organization, 2006). The results showed that there were no significant differences in the bioburdens of the four batches (α = 1 %), this means no significant differences in the skill of the four couples of the tissue bank technicians in terms of their ability to process AM according to the air dried AM SOP. The 25 kGy RSD was validated and substantiated as a valid sterilization dose for the AM prepared with the current established SOP at the Biotechnology Research Center experimental tissue bank. The donor’s type of delivery, normal or caesarean, showed no significant effect on the levels of microbial counts on the tested AMs (α = 1 %).