鲤鱼脑垂体促性腺激素含量年周期变化的研究

本文报道了用蟾蜍离体卵巢跌卵的方法来研究鲤鱼脑垂体里的促性腺激素含量的年周期变化情况,以解决我国鲩、青、鲢、鳙人工繁殖工作中应用鲤鱼脑垂体作为催产剂的质量问题。实验是在1962—1963年进行的。实验结果表明：鲤鱼脑垂体对蟾蜍离体卵巢有明显的跌卵效果;鲤鱼脑垂体里的促性腺激素是常年存在的,但随季节的不同而含量亦有所不同。全年中以2—3月份的脑垂体里促性腺激素的含量最高,10月份为最低,其他月份则是逐渐递升与递减的关系,因而呈现出一明显的年周期变化规律,这对指导收集鲤鱼脑垂体的最适季节具有一定的实用意义。对鱼类脑垂体的生理探讨方面也提供了一些新的资料。     

长臀鮠脑垂体和血清中促性腺激素的生殖周期变化

Changes in the pituitary and serum gonadotropin levels of Cranoglanis bouderius were studied at different stages of ovarian development.Based on African catfish gonadotropin(cfGTH) and its anti-serum(Racf),heterologous radio-immunoassay(RIA) for the gonadotropin(GTH) of Cranoglanis bouderius was developed.The pituitary GTH contents at the late development stage were significantly higher than that at the mature,ovulation or regressed stages,while serum GTH levels at maturation and ovulation were significantly higher than that at late development and regressed stages,Injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue(GnRH-A) stimulated GTH secretion.Domperidone (DOM) had no effect on the basal serum GTH level.Injection of GnRH-A and DOM significantly enhanced the GTH levels stimulated by GnRH-A alone.These results indicate that GTH release in Cranoglanis bouderius is under the dual regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) and dopamine(DA) from the hypothalamus,but DA can only inhibit GTH release induced by GnRH and not basal GTH release[Acta Zoologica Sinica 49(3):399-403.2003].     

鲤鱼产卵前后血清中促性腺激素含量的动态变化

近年来,应用放射免疫测定法对动物体液和组织中激素含量进行超微量测定,进一步活跃了内分泌领域的研究内容。在与鱼类生殖有关的各种激素的研究中,也开始采用这些新的测定技术。首先是对鱼类垂体分泌的促性腺激素的研究。促性腺激素不仅与鱼类的性腺发育     

Cd^2＋对离体的鲤鱼脑垂体分泌促性腺激素的影响

采用离体的鲤鱼脑垂体灌流孵育系统,研究重金属镉离子对脑垂体分泌促性腺激素的害影响。发现Ｃｄ＾２＋既能直接刺激ＧｔＨ分泌,又抑制鲑鱼促性腺激素类似物释放激素刺激脑垂体分泌ＧｔＨ作用。实验结果提示,Ｃｄ＾２＋对鲤鱼脑垂体ＧｔＨ分泌细胞的毒定机制之一可能是它干扰了Ｃａ＾２＋的正常生理作用。     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物对长臀wei脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响

采用离体灌流孵育技术和促性腺激素的放射免疫测定方法,对长臀wei(Cranoglanis bouderius)脑垂体碎片促性腺激素的分泌进行了研究。结果表明：持续的促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRH-A)能显著刺激退化期的长臀wei离体脑垂体碎片促性腺激素(GTH)的分泌,并且长臀wei脑垂体碎片对持续的GnRH-A刺激未表现出脱敏性,该结果与胡子鲇和鲇鱼相似,而与金鱼和鲤科鱼类不同;重复脉冲GnRH-A刺激对长臀wei脑垂体碎片GTH分泌具有促进作用,而且存在剂量依存关系,与鲇鱼和鲤科鱼类相类似。上述结果表明在长臀wei的人工繁殖中可以用持续高浓度GnRH-A刺激对长臀wei进行催熟和催产。     

长臀（鱼危）脑垂体和血清中促性腺激素的生殖周期变化

鲇形目鱼类在世界养殖鱼类中占有重要的位置.     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物对长臀鮠脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响

采用离体灌流孵育技术和促性腺激素的放射免疫测定方法,对长臀鮠(Cranoglanis bouderius)脑垂体碎片促性腺激素的分泌进行了研究。结果表明：持续的促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRH-A)能显著刺激退化期的长臀鮠离体脑垂体碎片促性腺激素(GTH)的分泌,并且长臀鮠脑垂体碎片对持续的GnRH-A刺激未表现出脱敏性,该结果与胡子鲇和鲇鱼相似,而与金鱼和鲤科鱼类不同;重复脉冲GnRH-A刺激对长臀鮠脑垂体碎片GTH分泌具有促进作用,而且存在剂量依存关系,与鲇鱼和鲤科鱼类相类似。上述结果表明在长臀鮠的人工繁殖中可以用持续高浓度GnRH-A刺激对长臀鮠进行催熟和催产。     

鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素（sGnRH）调节鲤鱼脑垂体生长激素分泌的离体研究

ｓＧｎＲＨ同时刺激离体灌流孵育的鲤鱼脑垂体ＧｔＨ和ＧＨ分泌,ＧｔＨ和ＧＨ对ｓＧｎＲＨ脉冲式刺激的分泌反应的时间进程和剂量依存关系相似。生长抑素显著抑制基础的ｓＧｎＲＨ刺激的ＧＨ分泌,但对ＧｔＨ分泌没有影响。阿扑吗啡以剂量依存方式显著抑制基础的ｓＧｎＲＨ促进的ＧｔＨ分泌,并显著刺激ＧＨ分泌,但对ｓＧｎＲＨ促进的ＧＨ分泌无影响。     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响

采用离体灌流孵育技术和促性腺激素的放射免疫测定方法,对长臀(鱼危)(Cranoglanis bouderius)脑垂体碎片促性腺激素的分泌进行了研究.结果表明:持续的促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRH-A)能显著刺激退化期的长臀(鱼危)离体脑垂体碎片促性腺激素(GTH)的分泌,并且长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片对持续的GnRH-A刺激未表现出脱敏性,该结果与胡子鲇和鲇鱼相似,而与金鱼和鲤科鱼类不同;重复脉冲GnRH-A刺激对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片GTH分泌具有促进作用,而且存在剂量依存关系,与鲇鱼和鲤科鱼类相类似.上述结果表明在长臀(鱼危)的人工繁殖中可以用持续高浓度GnRH-A刺激对长臀(鱼危)进行催熟和催产.     

人脑θ电活动涨落的空间分化现象

研究了15名正常人四个头区(Fz,Cz,O1-P3-T5(LA)及O2-P4-T6(RA))不同频率脑电活动(.1-46Hz)的涨落相关关系.发现在安静及心算条件下,5Hz左右的θ活动的涨落具有特殊的空间分化现象;在Fz与Cz间及LA与RA间θ涨落相关系数明显低于其它频率活动;在Fz与RA间及Cz与LA间θ涨落相关系数仍显著偏低,但在Fz与LA间及Cz与RA间θ涨落相关系数却较高.此种出人意料的现象提示海马与皮层间存在着复杂有序的功能关系.     

米非司酮对离体大鼠垂体细胞促黄体激素分泌的影响及其机制

本实验应用垂体细胞体外培养模型,观察了米非司酮（MP）对GnRH,高浓度细胞外K^ ([K^]e)和蛋白激素C激活剂PMA诱导的LH分泌的影响,结果证实MP可以剂理和时间依赖方式抑制GRH诱导的LH分泌,并可拮抗P 调节GnRH诱导的LH分泌效应,同时发现10^-7mol/L MP短时间处理4h能抑mmol/LKCl和10^-8mol/LMA诱导的LH分泌,而10^-7mol/LP短时间处理则起促进作用,当处理时间延长为52h时,P对60mmol/LCl和10^-8mol/LPMA诱导的LH分泌无明显作用,P也仅对60mmol/LKCl刺激的LH分泌起抑制作用,但不影响10^-8mol/L PMA诱导的LH分泌,当P和MP同时处理时,则MP可逆转P对高[K^ ]e和PMA诱导的LH分泌的调节作用,表明MP影响GnRH诱导的LH分泌的机制可能与MP影响电压依赖性钙离子通道和PKC的活性有关。     

多巴胺能药物对鲤鱼促性腺激素分泌活动的影响

研究多巴胺（ＤＡ）及其激动剂阿扑吗啡（ＡＰＯ）和拮抗剂Ｄｏｍｐｅｒｉｄｏｎｅ（ＤＯＭ）对不同性腺发育时期和不同年龄雌鲤促性腺激素（ＧｔＨ）分泌活动的影响。结果表明：鲤鱼基础ＧｔＨ分泌具有明显的季节性变化,表现为血清ＧｔＨ含量在性腺发育早期较低,性腺成熟期升高,到性腺退化期又降低。ＤＡ和ＡＰＯ对ＧｔＨ分泌的抑制作用及ＤＯＭ对ＧｔＨ分泌的刺激作用在不同性腺发育时期为：性腺发育早期〉性腺成熟期〉性腺退化     

多巴胺、雌二醇及睾酮对虎纹蛙离体脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响

为了解虎纹蛙促性腺激素分泌的调节机理,用离体静态培育系统和放射免疫测定法,研究了多巴胺（ＤＡ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）和睾酮（Ｔ）对雌性虎纹蛙离体脑垂体薄片促黄体激素（ＬＨ）和促卵泡激素（ＦＳＨ）分泌活动的影响。结果表明：０．１～１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＤＡ对成熟前期和冬眠期虎纹蛙离体脑垂体型薄片的ＬＨ及ＦＳＨ的释放都有抑制作用,并且随着ＤＡ浓度的增加,抑制作用逐渐增强。１和１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｅ２显著刺激成熟前     

CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES and PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT BRAIN POSTMORTEM

Abstract— The components of the cyclic nucleotide system were studied in rat brain at various times after death to determine the stability of the system postmortem. The concentration of cyclic AMP in 4 brain regions was highest 10 min after death and declined to stable levels within 6 h after death. At this time concentrations approximated those normally seen in vitro. The concentration of cyclic GMP in brain regions fell markedly postmortem and was undetectable 6 or 16 h after death. Nor-epinephrine-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation measured in vitro in slices of the cerebral cortex was the same 10 min and 16 h postmortem. In the cerebellum, however, accumulated levels of cyclic AMP were lower 16 h postmortem, although the degree of stimulation elicited by norepinephrine was the same 10 min and 16 h after death. Cyclic AMP-dependent and independent protein kinase activities were detected in the rat brain at all times after death. There was no change in the cyclic AMP-dependent enzyme activity postmortem, but activity in the absence of cyclic AMP was significantly higher immediately after death compared to 6 or 16 h postmortem. These studies indicate that it should be possible to study the cyclic AMP system in human brain tissue obtained at autopsy.     

REGULATION OF GUANOSINE 3'',5'' CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE IN THE RAT PINEAL AND POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS

Potassium and norepinephrine stimulate the accumulation of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in rat pineal glands and their efflux into the medium. The efflux of both cyclic nucleotides was blocked by probenecid. The accumulation and efflux of cyclic GMP, but not of cyclic AMP, depends upon the presence of intact nerve endings and extracellular calcium. The calcium-dependent release of norepinephrine caused by veratridine was accompanied by the efflux of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. In contrast, the calcium-independent release of norepinephrine caused by tyramine was accompanied by the efflux of cyclic AMP but not cyclic GMP. Changes in cyclic GMP therefore, may be related to exocytosis from the sympathetic nerve endings in the gland. High concentrations of potassium also increased tissue levels of cyclic GMP in the posterior pituitary gland. Veratridine and potassium, but not norepinephrine, stimulated the efflux of cyclic GMP from this neurosecretory gland. Thus, the relationship between cyclic GMP and exocytosis may extend beyond sympathetic nerve endings. The enhanced accumulation of cyclic GMP in the pineal gland after potassium does not appear to be mediated by extracellular (released) norepinephrine. Desmethylimipramine blocked the norepinephrine-stimulated changes in cyclic GMP, but not those caused by potassium. Investigation of the possible relationship between cyclic GMP and release of neurotransmitters is complicated by the apparent seasonal variation in the response of pineal cyclic GMP to potassium or norepinephrine.