Chemomodulatory effect of Dolichos biflorus Linn. on skin and forestomach papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice

Effect of consumption of three different doses (2%, 4% and 6%, w/w) of Dolichos biflorus Linn. seeds on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione content, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation in Swiss albino mice has been reported. Anti-carcinogenic effect has been studied by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced skin and benzo(a)pyrene[B(a)P]-induced forestomach papillomagenesis models. D. biflorus consumption resulted in a significant increase in hepatic carcinogen metabolizing enzyme systems especially at 4% and 6% doses. Significant increase in reduced glutathione content (GSH) and specific activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in liver of mice, at 4% and 6% doses has been reported. Lactate dehydrogensae (LDH) activity and peroxidative damage has been significantly decreased at 4% and 6% doses. In skin papillomagenesis model, 4% and 6% dose in diet significantly reduced the tumor incidence (up to 25%), tumor multiplicity (up to 59%) and tumor volume per mouse (up to 70%) as compared to DMBA treated group. Importantly, significant reduction in tumor incidence (up to 33%) and tumor multiplicity (up to 61%) was evident for forestomach papillomagenesis model.     

Nodulins and nodulin genes of Glycine max

Summary Nodulins are organ-specific plant proteins induced during symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Nodulins play both metabolic and structural roles within infected and uninfected nodule cells. In soybean, several nodulin genes, coding for abundant nodulins, have been identified and isolated. Structural analysis of some of these genes has revealed their possible mode of regulation and the subcellar location of the protein product. Studies of ineffective symbiosis based on cultivar-strain genotype differences suggested that both partners influence the expression of nodulin genes. Concomitant with nodule organogenesis, the Rhizobium undergoes substantial differentiation leading to the accumulation of nodule-specific bacterial proteins, bacteroidins. The major structural alteration occuring in the infected cell is the formation of a membrane enclosing the bacteroid (peribacteroid membrane). A number of nodulins are specifically targetted to this membrane during endosymbiosis. The induction of nodulins and bacteroidins leads to the formation of an effective nodule. Nodulin genes can be induced in vitro by factors derived from nodules suggesting that trans-activators may be involved in derepression of the host genes necessary for Rhizobium-legume symbiosis.     

Differentiation of nodules of Glycine max

Plants of Glycine max var. Caloria, infected as 14 d old seedlings with a defined titre of Rhizobium japonicum 3Il b85 in a 10 min inoculation test, develop a sharp maximum of nitrogenase activity between 17 and 25 d after infection. This maximum (14±3 nmol C₂H₄ h^-1 mg nodule fresh weight^-1), expressed as per mg nodule or per plant is followed by a 15 d period of reduced nitrogen fixation (20–30% of peak activity). 11 d after infection the first bacteroids develop as single cells inside infection vacuoles in the plant cells, close to the cell wall and infection threads. As a cytological marker for peak multiplication of bacteroids and for peak N₂-fixation a few days later the association of a special type of nodule mitochondria with amyloplasts is described. 20 d after inoculation, more than 80% of the volume of infected plant cells is occupied by infection vacuoles, mostly containing only one bacteroid. The storage of poly--hydroxybutyrate starts to accumulate at both ends of the bacteroids. Non infected plant cells are squeezed between infected cells (25d), with infection vacuoles containing now more than two (up to five) bacteroids per section. Bacteroid development including a membrane envelope is also observed in the intercellular space between plant cells. 35 d after infection, more than 50% of the bacteroid volume is occupied by poly--hydroxybutyrate. The ultrastructural differentiation is discussed in relation to some enzymatic data in bacteroids and plant cell cytoplasm during nodule development.     

NaCl胁迫下野生和栽培大豆幼苗体内离子的再转运

采用NaCl根际处理和叶面饲喂^22Na方法,研究了野生大豆(Glycine soja)——耐盐的BB52、盐敏感的N23232和栽培大豆(Glycine max)——较耐盐的Lee68幼苗在盐胁迫及解除过程中对Na^ 、Cl^-的吸收和再转运。结果表明,在NaCl根际处理12h过程中,BB52和Lee68幼苗根对Na^ 、Cl^-吸收和向茎、叶的运输逐渐增加,10h时趋于稳定,Na^ 、Cl^-含量高低顺序是根＞茎＞叶。但N23232的Na^ 、Cl^-含量则是茎＞根＞叶。在用NaCl对根处理10h后再解除NaCl处理的0～36h内,BB52吸收的Na^ 、Cl^-较多地留于根部或转运至根茎过渡区,叶中较少。N23232吸收的Na^ 较多地转运至茎部,而Cl^-含量在幼苗各部分无差异。叶片饲喂^22Na 10h后,BB52吸收^22Na较N23232多,并较多地向根部运输。从离子再转运角度讨论了BB52的耐盐性。     

Glycine modulates membrane potential,cell volume,and phagocytosis in murine microglia

Phagocytes form engulfment pseudopodia at the contact area with their target particle by a process resembling cell volume (CV) regulatory mechanisms. We evaluated whether the osmoregulatory active neutral amino acid glycine, which contributes to CV regulation via activation of sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporters (SNATs) improves phagocytosis in isotonic and hypertonic conditions in the murine microglial cell line BV-2 and primary microglial cells (pMG). In BV-2 cells and pMG, RT-PCR analysis revealed expression of SNATs (Slc38a1, Slc38a2), but not of GlyRs (Glra1–4). In BV-2 cells, glycine (5 mM) led to a rapid Na⁺-dependent depolarization of membrane potential (V _mem). Furthermore, glycine increased CV by about 9 %. Visualizing of phagocytosis of polystyrene microspheres by scanning electron microscopy revealed that glycine (1 mM) increased the number of BV-2 cells containing at least one microsphere by about 13 %. Glycine-dependent increase in phagocytosis was suppressed by the SNAT inhibitor α-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB), by replacing extracellular Na⁺ with choline, and under hypertonic conditions, but not by the GlyR antagonist strychnine or the GlyR agonist taurine. Interestingly, hypertonicity-induced suppression of phagocytosis was rescued by glycine. These findings demonstrate that glycine increases phagocytosis in iso- and hypertonic conditions by activation of SNATs.     

大豆酪氨酸氨基转移酶基因的克隆与表达分析

采用电子克隆与实验克隆相结合的方法获得了大豆酪氨酸氨基转移酶基因的cDNA序列,GenBank登录号为DQ003328.序列分析结果表明,该cDNA序列含有一个编码425个氨基酸的完整的开放读码框,5′非翻译区具有多个同框终止密码子,3′端具有3个加尾信号和polyA尾巴.启动子区除含有通用核心元件外,还含有许多与光反应有关的作用元件.氨基酸序列比对和系统发育分析结果显示,不同物种之间酪氨酸氨基转移酶的氨基酸序列同源性较高.电子表达分析和RT-PCR组织表达分析结果表明,该基因的表达量与组织中叶绿体含量具有很高的关联,强光逆境能够上调该基因的表达.     

大豆重复序列的克隆,特性分析及在染色体上的定位

从大豆栽培品种Ｕｎｉｏｎ（Ｇ．ｍａｘ）基因组ｐＵＣ１８质粒文库中,以基因组ＤＮＡ为探针,筛选出一个重复序列家族。序列分析表明,此重复序列的重复单位为９１ｂｐ,拷贝数约为１０￣５,其序列约占基因组ＤＮＡ的０．９％。基因组ＤＮＡ不同限制酶片段Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析和染色体原位杂交分析表明此重复序列主要以串联方式集中分布在Ｍ２和Ｍ１１号染色体的臂上,而另外一些则散布于整个Ｍ１２和Ｓｍ７号染色体上。以该序列为探针片大豆属不同亚属１３个种的１８个品系的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明,此重复序列为Ｓｏｊａ亚属所特有。这一Ｓｏｉａ亚属特异重复序列的发现,从另一个角度支持应把Ｓｏｊａ亚属的３个种Ｇ．ｓｏｊａ、Ｇ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｌｉｓ、Ｇ．ｍａｘ划分为一个种的观点。     

Proteomics-Based Investigation of Salt-Responsive Mechanisms in Roots of Bradyrhizobium japonicum-Inoculated Glycine max and Glycine soja Seedlings

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Salt stress is one of the environmental factors most limiting crop productivity worldwide. Plant roots are the primary site for salt sensing; therefore, a...     

苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因导入大豆的研究

用苏云金芽孢杆菌(BacillusthuringiensisBerliner)杀虫晶体蛋白(Bt)基因和葡糖苷酸酶(GUS)基因通过基因枪轰击和根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacteriumtumefaciens(SmithetTownsend)Conn)介导转入大豆(Glycinemax(L.)Merr.),诱导大豆转基因植株再生。大豆主栽品种“中黄4号”和品系8502未成熟子叶有较强体细胞胚分化能力。体细胞胚的脱水处理显著促进“中黄4号”体细胞胚的萌发。未成熟子叶的预培养有利于根癌土壤杆菌感染子叶外植体体细胞胚的分化。基因型和受体的选择,转基因体系的改进,体细胞胚的脱水处理等是提高大豆转基因效率的重要因素。     

Screening of Glycine max and Glycine soja genotypes for multiple shoot formation at the cotyledonary node

Summary To identify genotypes which may give better plant regeneration responses in vitro, multiple shoots were induced from 155 Glycine max and 13 Glycine soja genotypes from maturity groups 000 to VII on B5 medium supplemented with 1 or 5 mol benzylaminopurine (BAP). The average number of shoots formed show genotype specific and hormone concentration specific responses, with number of shoots ranging from 1 to 12 for different genotypes. The results were reproducible with different seed lots of the same genotype and genotypes with similar genetic backgrounds responded in a similar fashion. No hybrid vigor was observed, except in one instance of F₁ hybrids between low shoot producers where the number of shoots obtained were higher than either parent. The root forming ability of cuttings of soybean plants grown in vivo showed general agreement with shoot forming ability in vitro. The ability to form multiple shoots appears to be genetically controlled.This research was supported by funds from the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station and Agrigenetics Research Associates     

Isolation and characterization of ferritin from soyabeans (Glycine max)

Ferritin from the soyabean Glycine max was isolated and characterized. The protein has many features in common with ferritin from mammalian systems, including extensive sequence homology, as determined by two-dimensional peptide mapping. No immunocross-reactivity between the plant and animal proteins was detected. The ferritin isolated by MgCl2 precipitation has a single subunit of 28 kDa, whereas the ferritin remaining in the supernatant exhibits marked heterogeneity, with a main subunit of 22 kDa. This form of the protein appears to be the result of specific proteolytic processing that is not affected by serine protease inhibitors, and appears only after the seeds have been soaked long enough to induce germination. The appearance of the 22-kDa form corresponds to the appearance of "crystalline arrays" of ferritin in the amyloplasts of the plant cotyledons and may represent a plant form of hemosiderin. In support of this hypothesis, the 22-kDa protein appears to be incompletely assembled, as determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation and iron uptake studies. Although ferritin is normally quite resistant to proteolysis, the 22-kDa protein is easily generated from the 28-kDa form by treatment with subtilisin, suggesting the presence of a specific, protease-sensitive sequence on the protein's surface, possibly used to mark the phytoferritin for conversion to hemosiderin and construction of ferritin crystalline arrays.     

Isolation of xyloglucans from etiolated Glycine max and Vigna sesquipedalis hypocotyls

Xyloglucans isolated from cell walls of etiolated Glycine maxand Vigna sesquipedalis hypocotyls were subjected to fragmentationanalysis with cellulase for structural comparison with thosederived from Phaseolus aureus hypocotyls. The xyloglucans fromG. max and V. sesquipedalis had glucose, xylose, galactose andfucose in the approximate molar ratio of 10:6:4:1 and 10:7:3:1,respectively. However, the results of cellulase fragmentationanalysis of xyloglucans from the three species suggested thatthe basic structure of the xyloglucans in the cell walls ofthese bean-hypocotyls is almost the same; the structure is basedon two repeating oligosaccharide units, one of which consistsof glucose and xylose and the other of glucose, xylose, galactoseand fucose. ¹ Present address: Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., Okaji, Sendai980, Japan. (Received February 3, 1977; )     

缺铁敏感度不同的大豆品种对缺铁的适应机制

与供铁处理相比,对缺铁敏感的大豆品种“哈８３”幼苗在缺铁胁迫条件下根际没有酸化现象,根系对Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的还原能力也没有明显增强。但抗缺铁的大豆品种“８７０１”幼苗根际则严重酸化,根系对Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的还原能力显著增强;加入能抑制根系Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性、减弱根际酸化作用的Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰ酶抑制剂正钒酸钠会降低根系对Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）的还原能力;说明根际酸化与根系还原Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）能力相互联系,初步证实根细胞原生质膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰ酶和缺铁诱导的还原酶相互偶联的假说。     

大豆异戊烯焦磷酸异构酶基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

利用电子克隆方法获得大豆异戊烯焦磷酸异构酶基因(IPI)的cDNA序列,并采用生物信息学方法对该基因及其编码蛋白的一般理化性质、疏水性、信号肽、二级结构和亚细胞定位等方面进行了预测和分析。结果表明,大豆异戊烯焦磷酸异构酶基因的cDNA序列全长1384bp,包含一个906bp的ORF,编码301个氨基酸。大豆IPI酶为一亲水性的非分泌蛋白,α-螺旋和无规则卷曲是其主要的二级结构,该酶定位于叶绿体。     

Physiological regulation of seed soaking with soybean isoflavones on drought tolerance of Glycine max and Glycine soja

In this study, the Glycine max Jackson cultivar (the relatively drought-sensitive) and the Glycine soja BB52 accession (the drought-tolerant one) were used as the experimental materials. Effects of seed soaking with exogenous soybean isoflavones (daidzin or genistin) on seed germination, and seedlings photosynthesis, relative electrolytic leakage, content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances , and anti-oxidative activities were investigated under drought stress conditions. The results showed that, treatments of seed soaking with daidzin or genistin could improve seed germination, and alleviate cell damage, enhance anti-oxidative activities and photosynthesis in drought-stressed seedlings, therefore displayed mitigated effects on soybean drought injury, especially for the drought-sensitive G. max Jackson cultivar. Thus seed soaking with exogenous soybean isoflavones may be a usable approach to enhance drought tolerance of cultivated soybean in practice.