沙棘油对运动大鼠心肌及肝脏抗氧化作用的实验研究

目的:研究沙棘油对6周递增负荷运动训练大鼠心肌及肝脏自由基的影响。方法:通过对运动大鼠按一定方式分组实验,选取心脏及肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)四个抗氧化指标进行测试。结果:运动训练后灌胃沙棘油能显著提高大鼠心肌及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶以及过氧化氢酶的活性,并能显著降低丙二醛的含量。结论:证实了沙棘油具有增强抗氧化酶活性和提高大鼠运动能力的作用。     

变态幼蛙对蝌蚪时期农药胁迫的毒性响应

本研究探讨阿特拉津和毒死蜱染毒东北林蛙蝌蚪对变态幼蛙肝脏组织抗氧化酶、解毒酶、细胞色素P450 3A(CYP3A)mRNA的影响.实验通过二者梯度剂量,单独、共同胁迫蝌蚪,变态完成后分析了肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、羧酸酯酶(CbE)及CYP3A mRNA表达的响...     

梨形环棱螺五种酶分子与大运河底泥重金属含量相关分析

运用样点笼内放养法,研究了京杭大运河不同污染程度环境对梨形环棱螺内脏团中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)和胆碱酯酶(CHE)的影响,进行了酶活性与样点底泥重金属含量的相关分析.结果表明,梨形环棱螺组织抗氧化保护酶系统的SOD、CAT、GSH-PX和GST活性是指示污染的敏感指标,其监测结果与水化学评价结果基本一致.在10 d暴露中,SOD酶活性被激活,CAT、GSH-PX和GST酶活性在污染环境中被抑制,CHE活性变化比较复杂.酶活性变化与底泥重金属的含量相关性很大.     

两种农药对青鳉抗氧化酶活性和bcl6b基因表达的影响

为了解阿特拉津和毒死蜱对青鳉(Oryzias latipes)肌肉组织中抗氧化酶活性和B细胞淋巴瘤6B基因(B cell CLL/lymphoma 6B,bcl6b)表达的影响,实验通过不同染毒浓度的阿特拉津、毒死蜱,二者单独或共同染毒,在不同的染毒时间检测其对青鳉肌肉组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性及bcl6b mRNA表达的影响。结果表明:青鳉肌肉组织中的抗氧化酶(SOD,GSH-PX)活性随染毒农药浓度的升高而显著下降,bcl6b mRNA相对表达则显著升高; 30 d恢复处理后,与染毒末期相比,恢复末期中浓度组和高浓度组的这两种酶活性显著升高,bcl6b mRNA表达则显著降低。这一结果证实该两种农药单独或共同染毒,会对青鳉产生毒性作用,使青鳉抗氧化酶(SOD,GSHPX)活性和bcl6b mRNA表达发生显著变化,bcl6b mRNA表达与抗氧化酶水平的变化趋势相反;环境条件改善后,上述2种酶的活性和bcl6b mRNA表达会得到有效恢复。     

苯并（a）芘对大弹涂鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性影响的初步研究

在实验条件下,研究了不同浓度苯并(a)芘(BaP)暴露对大弹涂鱼肝脏内抗氧化酶-超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响.结果表明,不同浓度的BaP暴露对抗氧化酶活性产生不同程度的影响.低浓度组(3μg     

阿特拉津溶液中仙姑弹琴蛙(Rana daunchina)蝌蚪抗氧化酶系活性的变化

本文研究了阿特拉津 5mg/l、 10mg/l、 15mg/l、 2 0mg/l溶液中经 16d处理和 10mg/l、 2 0mg/l、 30mg/l溶液中经 96d处理后仙姑弹琴蛙 (Ranadaunchina)蝌蚪体内超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH Px的活性。受试 16d ,阿特拉津处理组SOD活性分别是空白对照 72 0 6 5 5 8u/μg·ml的0 177、 0 316、 0 4 6 7、 0 36 2倍 ;96d ,分别为空白对照 5 2 2 6 0 4 1u/μg·mL的 0 92 8、 0 4 4 0、 0 4 83倍。表明阿特拉津抑制蝌蚪SOD活性。 16d ,阿特拉津 15、 2 0mg/l组CAT活性分别为空白对照的 0 36 9、 0 183倍 ;96d处理 ,阿特拉津 2 0、 30mg/l组蝌蚪CAT活性分别为空白对照组的 0 76 87、 0 72 2倍 ;阿特拉津 2 0、 30mg/l处理96d ,GSH Px活性为空白对照组的 0 0 83、 0 2 2 5倍。表明高浓度阿特拉津抑制CAT、GSH Px活性。     

NaCl胁迫对螺旋藻生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

在0.1％～5.0％NaCl浓度范围的培养基中培养极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima),发现NaCl浓度高于2.0％时螺旋藻生长受到明显抑制。培养7天后测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ASA-POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明：在盐胁迫下,SOD酶活性升高;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在低盐胁迫下活性升高,高盐胁迫下抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性迅速降低,过氧化物酶则完全失活;MDA含量先随盐胁迫程度增加而降低,后随盐胁迫的进一步增强恢复至对照水平。     

魔芋葡甘低聚糖对小鼠抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究魔芋葡甘低聚糖对小鼠血浆和肝脏中抗氧化酶活性的影响。魔芋葡甘低聚糖能有效地降低肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)的含量,提高肝脏和血浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活性。尤以高剂量组效果最好。     

黑斑蛙精巢MDA和抗氧化酶对铅、镉暴露的生态毒性响应

以健康性成熟黑斑蛙为供试动物,以精巢组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性为指标,进行了水体铅、镉暴露的生态毒性响应研究.结果表明:(1)精巢MDA含量随铅、镉暴露浓度的升高而明显增加,且呈明显的浓度-效应关系.说明低水平铅、镉的长期暴露对黑斑蛙精巢具有一定的损伤作用;(2)SOD活性在各处理组响应变化不明显,CAT、GSH-Px活性则被显著诱导,说明GSH-Px、CAT在铅、镉引起的精巢抗氧化损伤中起着重要作用;(3)3种抗氧化酶相比,GSH-Px活性对铅、镉暴露响应最敏感,SOD活性的响应最不明显,精巢GSH-Px活性是指示铅、镉暴露的优选生物标志物。     

全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物对剑尾鱼肝脏抗氧化物酶活性的影响

目的研究全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)暴露对剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri Heckel)抗氧化物酶活性的影响,探讨PFOS对鱼类的致毒机理。方法使用浸润法以3.5、7.0、14.0和28.0 mg/L四个PFOS浓度为剑尾鱼染毒,定量测定了96 h内肝脏组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果 PFOS暴露12 h后,除28.0 mg/L组SOD活性被显著性抑制外,其余各组与对照组均无显著性差异(P>0.05);7.0 mg/L组和14.0 mg/L组在24 h被极显著诱导(P<0.01),并且一直保持至96 h。CAT活性随PFOS浓度的升高而降低,12 h时,除3.5 mg/L组外,其余各组CAT活性被显著或极显著抑制,至24 h时,各组CAT活性有上升趋势,但48 h后,各组呈不断下降趋势持续至96 h,其CAT活性恢复到12 h水平。GSH-PX活性变化与CAT活性变化趋势相似,其中28.0 mg/L组在不同时间均被显著性抑制,并在96 h时抑制率达到最高值64.8%。MDA含量在12 h时呈小幅下降趋势,但随着暴露时间的延长,各处理组MDA含量呈连续上升趋势,并在96 h时达到最高点,诱导率分别为71.2%、70.1%和85.1%。结论结果表明,SOD的高活性是由于机体中超氧阴离子的存在,而高浓度的超氧阴离子能够灭活CAT和GSH-PX活性,因此,CAT和GSH-PX活性始终低于对照组。GSH-PX对PFOS的敏感性高于CAT。MDA含量持续升高反映出细胞组织已经遭受到氧化损伤。剑尾鱼活体的实验表明,PFOS能够诱导肝脏氧化应激反应,氧化损伤是PFOS致毒的主要途径之一。     

镉对尖紫蛤抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化的影响

为阐明镉(Cd2+)对尖紫蛤消化盲囊和鳃抗氧化酶的毒性影响程度,研究了不同浓度的Cd2+(0.005、0.05、0.5 mg/L)在不同暴露时间(24h、72h、120h)对尖紫蛤鳃和消化盲囊中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,在Cd2+浓度为0.005 mg/L时,在整个实验期间Cd2+对消化盲囊和鳃内的SOD、CAT、GSH-PX活性并无显著影响。在Cd2+浓度为0.05 mg/L和0.5 mg/L时,SOD、CAT、GSH-PX在鳃和消化盲囊中的活性都呈现出明显的时间剂量依赖关系。在0.05 mg/L暴露时,鳃和消化盲囊中的SOD、CAT和GSH-PX的活性随时间逐渐增强,在72h时达到最大值,但在120h时略有降低。在0.5 mg/L暴露时,消化盲囊中SOD、CAT及鳃中CAT活性在24h时上升达到最大值,但鳃中SOD直到72h才达到最大值,并均在120h下降到最低,其中消化盲囊中SOD和CAT活性在120h低于对照组,这可能与消化盲囊对Cd2+的敏感性高于鳃有关。在0.5 mg/L暴露的鳃中,GSH-PX在24h、72h活性并不上升,在120h甚至低于正常水平,0.5 mg/L暴露的消化盲囊中,24h时迅速增高,然后逐渐下降到正常值。这可能与Cd2+结合了GSH-PX的活性中心,降低了GSH-PX的活性有关。与3种酶活性随着时间延长和剂量的增加,酶活性会降低的变化趋势不同,鳃和消化盲囊中的MDA的含量随时间延长和剂量的增加而增加,并不出现下降,这表明尖紫蛤鳃和消化盲囊中的MDA含量可以灵敏的反映机体内的氧化损伤程度,但不能敏感的反映水体中Cd2+的污染情况。     

Effect of MPTP and l-Deprenyl on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation Levels in Mouse Brain

Abstract: Excessive free radical formation or antioxidant enzyme deficiency can result in oxidative stress, a mechanism proposed in the toxicity of MPTP and in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unclear if altered antioxidant enzyme activity is sufficient to increase lipid peroxidation in PD. We therefore investigated if MPTP can alter the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and the level of lipid peroxidation. l -Deprenyl, prior to MPTP administration, is used to inhibit MPP⁺ formation and its subsequent effect on antioxidant enzymes. MPTP induced a threefold increase in SOD activity in the striatum of C57BL/6 mice. No parallel increase in GSH-PX or CAT activities was observed, while striatal lipid peroxidation decreased. At the level of the substantia nigra (SN), even though increases in CAT activity and reduction in SOD and GSH-PX activities were detected, lipid peroxidation was not altered. Interestingly, l -deprenyl induced similar changes in antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels, as did MPTP. Taken together, these results suggest that an alteration in SOD activity, without compensatory increases in CAT or GSH-PX activities, is not sufficient to induce lipid peroxidation.     

Oxidative stress response in two representative bacteria exposed to atrazine

Bacteria are present extensively in the environment. Investigation of their antioxidant properties will be useful for further study on atrazine stress tolerance of bacteria and the defense mechanism of antioxidant enzymes against atrazine or other triazine herbicides. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) from one Gram-negative representative strain Escherichia coli K12 and one Gram-positive representative strain Bacillus subtilis B19, respectively, were tested for response to atrazine stress. The results indicated that SOD, CAT, GST and T-AOC were induced upon exposure to atrazine. The growth of two bacteria was better in the absence than in the presence of atrazine, indicating that atrazine can decrease bacterial growth. The changes of enzyme activities indicate the presence of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induced by atrazine may be due to imbalance of redox potential in bacterial cells, which leads to bacterial metabolic disorder.     

Assessment of environmental pollution at Balearic Islands applying oxidative stress biomarkers in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

The antioxidant enzyme response of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to different degree of pollution was investigated. Antioxidant enzyme activities - catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) - and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured in gills and digestive glands of mussels. Mussels from the same origin were transplanted along the Balearic coastal waters in eight stations characterized by a different degree of contamination and human impacts. Antioxidant enzyme activities showed an adaptive response to increase the activities in the more polluted areas. CAT, GR and SOD in gills and CAT and GR in digestive gland presented significant differences between polluted and non-polluted stations. No significant differences were observed in MDA concentration indicating that the antioxidant response is capable to avoid the lipid peroxidation. The use of biomarkers such as CAT and GR in gills and digestive glands of the mussel M. galloprovincialis is a good tool to categorize differences between polluted and non-polluted areas.     

铜-毒死蜱对蚯蚓的联合毒性效应

为了揭示当前我国土壤环境中污染严重的代表性重金属铜和有机磷农药毒死蜱联合作用的毒性效应及风险,本研究以赤子爱胜蚓为模式生物,分别应用人工土壤法和滤纸法探讨铜、毒死蜱单一及复合暴露对蚯蚓生长及抗氧化防御系统的影响.结果表明: 随着铜、毒死蜱单一暴露浓度的增大,人工土壤法蚯蚓体质量增长率趋于降低;二者复合暴露组蚯蚓体质量变化则相对平缓.采用概率相加法求得不同浓度组合铜、毒死蜱对蚯蚓体质量联合作用的q值均小于0.55,表明二者的联合作用类型为显著拮抗作用.滤纸法铜、毒死蜱对蚯蚓过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性的联合作用类型主要为拮抗作用;而对还原型谷胱甘肽和丙二醛含量的影响表现为低浓度协同而高浓度拮抗的作用类型.     

Diel variation in cortisol,glucose, lactic acid and antioxidant system of black sea bass Centropristis striata under natural photoperiod

ABSTRACT

Diel rhythm in activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as contents of glutathione and lipid peroxides, has been intensively investigated in Mammalia and Aves, however, the relevant studies about fish are few. In the present study, we examined variation in contents of cortisol, glucose and lactic acid in plasma of black sea bass Centropristis striata under natural photoperiod during a 24-h period. In addition, variation in activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) as well as contents of total glutathione (T-GSH), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and plasma of the fish were also determined. The plasma and liver samples were collected from the test fish at 3 h intervals during a 24-h cycle, with the first sampling time set at 03:00 h. No significant differences were found in glucose content and activities of GSH-PX and GR in plasma, as well as activities of SOD and GR in liver among different sampling times. In contrast, apparent variation was observed in contents of cortisol, lactic acid and MDA in plasma, activities of SOD and CAT in plasma, contents of MDA, T-GSH, GSH and GSSG in liver and activities of GSH-PX and CAT in liver between different sampling times. Moreover, contents of cortisol and MDA in plasma, SOD activity in plasma, and contents of MDA, GSH and GSSG in liver exhibited circadian rhythm, and their acrophases occurred at 06:08 h, 18:38 h, 15:09 h, 09:57 h, 23:36 h and 07:30 h, respectively. The present study indicates that some physiological parameters relating to stress response, such as cortisol and MDA contents in plasma, MDA, GSH and GSSG contents in liver and SOD activity in plasma changed at different time throughout a day in black sea bass. Therefore, caution should be taken when evaluating stress response in fish with these physiological parameters measured at different times.     

Ameliorative action of melatonin on oxidative damage induced by atrazine toxicity in rat erythrocytes

Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce oxidative damage to vital cellular molecules and structures including DNA, lipids, proteins, and membranes. Recently, melatonin has attracted attention because of their free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective role of melatonin against atrazine-induced oxidative stress in rat erythrocytes in vivo. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were randomly divided into four groups. Control group received isotonic saline; melatonin (10 mg/kg bw/day) group; atrazine (300 mg/kg of bw/day) group; atrazine + melatonin group. Oral administration of atrazine and melatonin was given daily for 21 days. Oxidative stress was assessed by determining the glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and alteration in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) in the erythrocytes of normal and experimental animals. A significant increase in the MDA levels and decrease in the GSH was observed in the atrazine treated animals (P < 0.05). Also, significant increase in the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST were observed in atrazine treated group compared to controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant decrease in protein, total lipids, cholesterol, and phospholipid content in erythrocyte membrane were demonstrated in atrazine treated rats. Administration of atrazine significantly inhibits the activities of G-6-PD and membrane ATPases such as Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase, and Ca(2+)-ATPase (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of erythrocytes revealed morphological alterations in the erythrocytes of atrazine treated rats. Furthermore, supplementation of melatonin significantly modulates the atrazine-induced changes in LPO level, total lipids, total ATPases, GSH, and antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes. In conclusion, the increase in oxidative stress markers and the concomitant alterations in antioxidant defense system indicate the role of oxidative stress in erythrocytes of atrazine-induced damage. Moreover, melatonin shows a protective role against atrazine-induced oxidative damage in rat erythrocytes.     

C02倍增对渗透胁迫下小麦叶片抗氧化酶类及细胞程序性死亡的影响

经渗透胁迫后 ,CO2 倍增条件下小麦叶片的SOD、POX和CAT的活性均显著高于对照 ,上升或稳定时期较长 ;在渗透胁迫后期MDA含量和电解质泄露率增加较慢 ,显著低于对照 ;H2 O2 含量一直高于对照但进行PEG胁迫后增长较慢。CO2 倍增条件下 ,小麦细胞出现DNA梯的时间较晚而且持续的时间较长 ,DNA梯出现时抗氧化酶和H2 O2 处于相对稳定状态。结果表明在渗透胁迫下CO2 倍增使小麦的抗氧化能力增强从而减轻了对细胞膜和DNA的损伤 ,并且干旱条件下小麦的细胞程序性死亡可能是由于细胞内氧化过强所致     

Antioxidative effect of melatonin on cryopreserved ovarian tissue in mice

Cryopreservation of ovarian tissues (OTs) has become the most effective way to preserve the fertility of female cancer patients. However, cryopreservation of OTs is still relatively at an experimental stage. The aim of study is to examine the effect of melatonin (MTL) on cryopreserved-thawed OTs. Fragments of OTs were cryopreserved in medium containing different concentrations (0 mM, 0.001 mM, 0.01 mM, 0.1 mM and 1 mM) of MLT. The endogenous enzymes (GSH-PX, GSH, SOD, CAT and T-AOC), MDA and ROS levels were all evaluated after cryopreservation. Our results showed that the 0.1 mM of MLT significantly improved the survival and diameter of follicles (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the antioxidant enzymes activities (including GSH-PX, GSH, SOD, CAT and T-AOC) were enhanced and MDA content were significantly decreased in 0.1 mM of MLT group compared to other groups (P < 0.001). Additionally, compared to the control group, MTL of 0.1 mM resulted in a significantly lower ROS level. In conclusion, MLT protects the quality of cryopreserved OTs by decreasing oxidative stress level and the optimal concentration is 0.1 mM.